1、The infinitive 不定式,本節(jié)課重點提要,1. 不定式的基本形式和否定形式 2. 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 3. 不定式的基本用法 4. 不帶to的不定式,They advised me to give up smoking . He promised to take care of the poor child. I warn them not to go out alone. She decided not to be late again.,不定式的基本形式是由“to + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是not to do.,筆記要點1,Step 1,基本形式和否定形式,請看例句：,T

2、hey invited us to go there this summer. They seemed to be talking about something secret. Im sorry to have done that .,Step 2,(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的動作，通常與謂語的 動作（狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生. Eg. They invited us to go there this summer. (2)如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行，這時不定式就要用進行式。 Eg. They seemed to be talking about something

3、secret. (3)如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，就要用完成式。 Eg. Im sorry to have done that .,不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài),筆記要點2,Im very delighted to be invited to Marys birthday party. Im pleased to have been given this chance.,如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式要用被動形式.,筆記要點3,小 結(jié),Step 3 不定式的用法,(1) 作主語,eg. 1) It is right to give up smoking.,不定式短語作主

4、語時，用it 作形式主語，真正的主語后置。,(2) 作賓語,不定式短語可以作賓語，以下動詞后，跟不定式作賓語,eg. 1) He wanted to go.,agree, decide, expect, fail ,help, hope,manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish,(構(gòu)成V.+ to do的形式),I find it interesting to work with him. 如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it 作形式賓語。類似的動詞還有 ( ) 等,(構(gòu)成 主語+V.

5、+ it +賓補+ to do sth. 的形式),feel, think, consider, make, believe,(3) 作賓語補足語,eg. He asked me to do the work with him.,在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等詞后的補足語中，不定式不帶to。但 是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶to。,Eg. I often hear him sing the song.,He is often heard to sing the

6、 song.,注意,allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish,(構(gòu)成“V.+ Sb.+ to do”的形式),不定式動詞在介詞but, except, besides 后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do 的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to, 否則要帶to。,Eg.1) She could do nothing but cry. 2) I have no choice but

7、 to go.,注意,(4)作定語,Eg.I have some books for you to read.,作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。,Eg. He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with.,注意,(5) 作狀語,表示目的、原因、結(jié)果,Eg. I came here to see you. We were very excited to hear the news. He hurried to t

8、he school to find nobody there.,(目的),(原因),(結(jié)果),目的狀語還可以用 in order to 或 so as to來表示。,Eg. 1) In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard. 2) We ran all the way so as not to be late.,(6)作表語。,Eg. My job is to help the patient.,動詞不定式省略to 的情況歸納,*1 當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，如動詞是 make, let , have 或 look at , see, wat

9、ch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不帶to. *2. 在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but 等 *3. why not 表建議 *4. 在介詞 but , except 之后，如果其前有實義動詞do 的某種形式，不定式不帶to, 反之須帶to .,Step 4,Exercise P9,Competition,Group A,Group B.,The purpose of new technologies i

10、s to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (MET2000) A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple

11、s but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,Practice:,4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to

12、 carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (MET95) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 7. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.

13、 (MET 92) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 8.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,9._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考)A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sl

14、eep 10.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,11.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考) A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 12.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考) A. to mak