1摘要眾所周知，水是生產(chǎn)生活中不可缺少的重要組成部分，在節(jié)水節(jié)能己成為時代特征的現(xiàn)實條件下，我們這個水資源和電能短缺的國家，長期以來在市政供水、高層建筑供水、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)循環(huán)供水等方面技術一直比較落后，自動化程度低。主要表現(xiàn)在用水高峰期，水的供給量常常低于需求量，出現(xiàn)水壓降低供不應求的現(xiàn)象，而在用水低峰期，水的供給量常常高于需求量，出現(xiàn)水壓升高供過于求的情況，此時將會造成能量的浪費，同時有可能導致水管爆破和用水設備的損壞。該設計對環(huán)保、節(jié)能、自動補壓型給水設備坐了介紹。從節(jié)能科技的實踐出發(fā)，闡述了變頻調(diào)速技術在高樓給水設備的應用。以PLC電路控制方式，介紹了自能水壓控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理及PLC控制系統(tǒng)。在分析水壓控制的工作流程的基礎上，給出了PLC控制系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件設計。智能水壓的基本控制策略是：采用電動機調(diào)速裝置與可編程控制器（PLC）構成控制系統(tǒng)，進行優(yōu)化控制，完成供水壓力的恒定控制，在管網(wǎng)流量變化時達到穩(wěn)定供水壓力和節(jié)約電能的目的。系統(tǒng)的控制目標是泵站總管的出水壓力，系統(tǒng)設定給水壓力值與反饋的總管壓力是機制進行比較，其差值輸入變頻器運算處理后，發(fā)出控制指令，控制泵電動機的投運臺數(shù)和運行變量泵電動機的轉(zhuǎn)速，從而達到給水總管壓力穩(wěn)定在設定的壓力值上。關鍵詞：壓力傳感器、變頻器、PLC控制、恒壓供水2AbstractItiswellknown,thewaterisproducesinthelifetheessentialimportantconstituent,conservesenergyoneselfinsavingwatertobecomethetimecharacteristicundertheactualcondition,ourthiswaterresourcesandtheelectricalenergyshortcountry,inthemunicipaladministrationwatersupply,thehigh-riseconstructionwatersupply,aspecttechnologiesandsoonindustrialproductionperiodicalfeedingcontinuouslyquitearesincelongagobackward,theautomaticityislow.Mainlydisplaysinthewaterusedpeak,thewatersupplycapacityislowerthanthedemandfrequently,appearsphenomenonwhichthehydraulicpressurereducesfallsshortofdemand,butinthewaterusedtroughtime,thewatersupplycapacityishigherthanthedemandfrequently,appearsthehydraulicpressureascensionsupplyinexcessofdemandthesituation,thistimewillbeabletocreatetheenergythewaste,simultaneouslywillhavethepossibilitytocausethewaterpipedemolitionandthewaterusedequipmentdamage.Thisdesigntotheenvironmentalprotection,theenergyconservation,madeuptheprofilingtosittheintroductionautomaticallytothewaterequipment.Embarkedfromtheenergyconservationscienceandtechnologypractice,elaboratedthefrequencyconversionvelocitymodulationtechnologygavethewaterequipmentinthetallbuildingtheapplication.BythePLCelectriccircuitcontrolmode,introducedfromhasbeenablethehydraulicpressurecontrolsystemprincipleofworkandthePLCcontrolsystem.Intheanalysishydraulicpressurecontrolworkflowfoundation,hasgiventhePLCcontrolsystemhardwareandthesoftwaredesign.Theintelligenthydraulicpressurebasiccontrolstrategyis:Usestheelectricmotorspeederandtheprogrammablecontroller(PLC)constitutioncontrolsystem,carriesontheoptimizedcontrol,completesthewatersupplypressuretheconstantcontrol,whenpipenetworkcurrentcapacitychangeachievedthestablewatersupplypressureandsavestheelectricalenergygoal.Thesystemcontrolgoalisthepumpingstationmainpipewaterleakagepressure,thesystemhypothesisisthemechanismcarriesonthecomparisonforthehydraulicpressurevalueandthefeedbackmainpipepressure,afteritsinterpolationinputfrequencychangeroperationprocessing,sendsoutthecontrolcommand,controlsthepumpelectricmotortothrowtransportstheTaiwannumberandthemovementvariabledisplacementpumpelectricmotorrotationalspeed,thusachievedstabilizesforthewatermainpipepressureinthehypothesisvalueofpressure.Keywords:pressuresensor,inverter,PLCcontrol,theconstantpressurewatersupply3目錄第一章緒論5第二章設計功能及方案論證62.1設計功能62.2系統(tǒng)設計方案分析及方案論證62.2.1系統(tǒng)設計方案論證62.2.2PLC、變頻器控制系統(tǒng)方案分析72.3系統(tǒng)控制方框圖9第三章系統(tǒng)硬件選型103.1PLC可編程控制器部分103.1.1PLC概述103.1.2PLC選型和性能指標133.1.3PLC的工作原理153.1.4PLC的基本指令163.2變頻器的概述及選型173.3傳感器的介紹及選型203.3.1傳感器的定義與組成203.3.2傳感器的選型203.4FX0N-3AA/D、D/A轉(zhuǎn)化一體化模塊213.4.1概述213.4.2性能規(guī)格223.5觸摸屏顯示器243.5.1觸摸屏概述243.5.2觸摸屏的通信243.5.3觸摸屏與PLC的通信253.6開關電源253.6.1開關電源的概述253.6.2AC/DC變換263.6.3開關電源的選用263.7電機的選擇273.7.1三相異步電動機的結構273.7.2三相異步電動機的工作原理273.7.3額定轉(zhuǎn)矩（Mn）283.7.4變頻調(diào)速283.8變壓器的選擇293.8.1變壓器的概述293.8.2變壓器的結構及功能293.8.3變壓器的選擇303.9電氣裝備附件的選擇303.9.1電線電纜選擇3043.9.2接觸器的選擇313.9.3電磁式繼電器的選擇313.9.4熱繼電器的選擇323.9.5熔斷器的選擇333.9.6開關的選擇34第四章硬件電路設計364.