中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)2007屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)第1頁(yè)1摘要數(shù)控機(jī)床在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中發(fā)揮著巨大的作用，但數(shù)控機(jī)床一次性投資較大，對(duì)機(jī)床進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造不失為一良策。本設(shè)計(jì)利用數(shù)控裝置對(duì)CA6140普通車床進(jìn)行控制,主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)部分采用交流調(diào)頻主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)經(jīng)帶輪及分級(jí)齒輪變速箱驅(qū)動(dòng)主軸，通過變頻器和齒輪變速箱實(shí)現(xiàn)分段無(wú)級(jí)變速；進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)采用步進(jìn)電機(jī)通過減速后驅(qū)動(dòng)滾珠絲杠運(yùn)動(dòng)，在縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)中通過一級(jí)齒輪減速后驅(qū)動(dòng)滾珠絲杠，在橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)中通過二級(jí)齒輪減速驅(qū)動(dòng)滾珠絲杠；刀架改為自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)位刀架(四工位)從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)換刀；通過MCS-51系列8051單片機(jī)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算處理，由I/O接口輸出步進(jìn)脈沖信號(hào)控制進(jìn)給速度和行程；為了保持切削螺紋的功能，要在主軸外端或其它適當(dāng)部位裝上脈沖發(fā)生器；將車床的手動(dòng)尾座改造成為可控電動(dòng)尾座。本次設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)控改造為經(jīng)濟(jì)適用型，改造簡(jiǎn)單易行，可降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高生產(chǎn)效率。主要介紹了經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。闡述了CA6140普通數(shù)控車床的主軸系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)及機(jī)床縱向、橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的改造設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算。關(guān)鍵詞：CA6140車床；數(shù)控改造；滾珠絲杠；步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)2007屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)第2頁(yè)2ABSTRACTTheNCmachineplaysaverygreatroleinmechanicalengineeringAlthoughtheinvestmentneedsagreatdealofmoney，itisagoodwaytotrydigitalmodificationforordinarylathe.ThespindlespeedofCA6140remainsthemanualfunctionofshiftinggearsThealterationiseasyanditcanreducelaborintensityandimproveproductiveefficiencybuttheNCMachinelargerone-timeinvestment,NCmachinetoolsforthetransformationofagoodafterall.ThedesignofthedeviceusingNCLatheCA6140control,partofthemaintransmissionsystemusingACspindlemotorandgradedbythepulleydrivenspindlegearbox,throughtheinverterandgearboxtoachievesub；FeedSystemusedbysteppermotordrivenballscrewslowdownaftercampaignverticalfeedsystemthroughagearaftertheballscrewdrive,inthehorizontalfeedsystemthroughtwogear-drivenballscrew；Tooltoautomaticallytransfertoolcarrier(4-position),thusachievingautomatictoolchange；byMCS-51series8051datatobedealtwith.fromtheI/Ointerfacestepperpulseoutputsignaltocontrolthefeedrateanditineraries；Inordertomaintainthefunctionofcuttingthread,totheouterendofspindleorotherappropriatelocationloadedpulsegenerator；LathewillbetransformedintoTailstockmanuallycontrolledelectricTailstock.ThedesignoftheNCtransformationoftheeconomy-theapplication,transformingsimple,canreducelaborintensity,improveproductionefficiency.IntroducedamajoreconomicNCmachinetoolservosystemdesign.ExpoundedtheCA6140ordinaryNClathespindlesystemimprovementsandverticalmachine,horizontalfeedsystemofthedesignandcalculation.Keywords：CA6140lathe；digitalmodification；ballscrew；steppingmotor中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)2007屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)第3頁(yè)3目錄第一章概述.11.O引言.61.1經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控改造的實(shí)際意義.61.1.1技術(shù)分析.61.1.2經(jīng)濟(jì)分析.61.1.3市場(chǎng)分析.71.1.4生產(chǎn)分析.71.1.5綜合分析.71.2數(shù)控機(jī)床的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理.71.3數(shù)控機(jī)床的分類.81.3.1按加工工藝方法分類.81.3.2按控制運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式分類.91.3.3按驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置的特點(diǎn)分類.91.4數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用范圍.111.4.1數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工特點(diǎn).111.4.2數(shù)控機(jī)床的應(yīng)用范圍.12第二章經(jīng)濟(jì)型車床數(shù)控改造總體方案的確定.132.1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù).132.2總體數(shù)控改造方案設(shè)計(jì).13第三章主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).153.1概述.153.1.1數(shù)控機(jī)床主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn).153.2主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的配置方式.163.2.1主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)的選型.163.2.2交流主軸電機(jī)的調(diào)速.173.2.3分級(jí)變速齒輪箱的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).183.2.4主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)組件的結(jié)構(gòu)形式.22第四章伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算.244.1伺服進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)概述.244.2步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)及開環(huán)進(jìn)給控制.254.2.1步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)控制.254.2.2、步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)放大電路.284.2.3步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)參數(shù)說明.31中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)2007屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)第4頁(yè)44.3縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.324.3.1設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù).324.3.2縱向進(jìn)給切削力的確定.334.3.3縱向進(jìn)給滾珠絲杠螺母副的計(jì)算和選型.334.3.4縱向進(jìn)給減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核.364.3.5縱向進(jìn)給步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的計(jì)算和選型.374.4橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.404.4.1橫向進(jìn)給切削力的確定.404.4.2橫向進(jìn)給切削力的確定.404.4.3橫向進(jìn)給滾珠絲杠螺母副的計(jì)算和選型.404.4.4橫向進(jìn)給減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核.424.4.5橫向進(jìn)給步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的計(jì)算和選型.454.5滾珠絲杠的安裝.474.5.1滾珠絲杠的安裝形式.474.5.2滾珠絲杠軸承的校核.484.5.3消除齒輪間隙的措施：.51第五章自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架的設(shè)計(jì).535.1自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架主要類型及特點(diǎn).535.2自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.535.2.1自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的選用.545.2.2自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架的蝸輪蝸桿設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.54第六章電動(dòng)尾座的設(shè)計(jì).586.1設(shè)計(jì)方案.586.2電動(dòng)尾座改造部分設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.586.2.1電動(dòng)尾座驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇.586.2.2電動(dòng)尾座用的齒輪設(shè)計(jì).58第七章主軸編碼器的設(shè)計(jì).6171編碼器工作原理.6172主軸編碼器的安裝.62第八章數(shù)控車床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).638.1概述.638.2計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控（CNC）系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)介.648.2.1概述.648.2.2微處理器數(shù)控（MNC）系統(tǒng)的組成.658.3CNC系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu).678.3.1單微處理機(jī)與多微處理機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu).678.3.2大板式結(jié)構(gòu)與功能模塊式結(jié)構(gòu).688.4CNC系統(tǒng)的軟件.698.4.1CNC系統(tǒng)軟件的組成與功能.69中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)2007屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)第5頁(yè)58.4.2CN