Reading Comprehension Directions： Passage 1 Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage A great difference between American social customs and those of other countries is the way in which names are used. Americans have little concern for rank， especially socially. Most Americans do not want to be treated in any especially respectful way because of their age or social rank； it makes them feel uncomfortable. Many Americans even find the terms Mr.， Mrs or Miss too formal. People of all ages may prefer to be called by their first names. Dont call me Mrs Smith. Just call me Sally. Using only first names usually indicates friendliness and acceptance. However， if you do not feel comfortable using only first names， it is quite acceptable to be more formal. Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you are accustomed to being more when you first meet someone. Very often， introductions are made using both first and last names： Mary Smith， this is John Jones. In this situation you are free to decide whether to call the lady Mary or Miss Smith. Sometimes both of you will begin a conversation using last names， and after a while one or both of you may begin using first names instead. You have a choice： if you dont want to use first names so quickly， no one will think it impolite if you continue according to you own custom. 1. In the first paragraph the author tells us that 【外語(yǔ) 教育網(wǎng) 】 A. Americans do not talk about rank， especially socially B. Americans feel uncomfortable when talking about rank C. Americans tae interests in social customs D. Americans dont care much about social rank 2. According to the passage， most Americans feel when they are treated especially respectfully owing to their age or social rank. A. sick B. sorry C. uneasy D. embarrassed 3. Which of the following statements in NOT true？ A. The way names are used in America is different from those of other countries. B. Many Americans are used to being called by their first names. C. It shows friendliness and kindness to use only first names. D. When you talk to people in the United States， you have to use their first names. 4. If an American lady say Dont call me Mrs Smith， just call me Sally. that shows A. she is not a married woman B. she prefers to be called Sally C. she is not Mrs Smith D. she likes to be more formal 5. The passage youve just read would most likely be found in a A. guide-book for tourists B. book about American history C. notice D. short story PASSAGE 1 美國(guó)與其他國(guó)家社會(huì)習(xí)俗的一個(gè)顯著不同是名字的使用方式。美國(guó)人很少關(guān)注 級(jí)別，特別是在社交方面。多數(shù)美國(guó)人不想因其年長(zhǎng)或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬。這種特別的尊敬會(huì)讓他們感到局促不安。很多美國(guó)人甚至認(rèn)為稱呼 先生 、 女士 和 小姐 過(guò)于正式。他們無(wú)論年長(zhǎng)或者年少可能更愿意別人稱他們的名字。 不要稱呼我史密斯女士，就叫我薩利好了。 只稱呼名字常常意味著友好和接納。但是如果只稱呼名字你會(huì)感到不安，正式一些是完全 可以接受的。只要微笑著說(shuō)過(guò)一會(huì)兒你會(huì)稱呼名字，但是第一次見(jiàn)面你習(xí)慣于比較正式的稱呼。 通常介紹時(shí)會(huì)同時(shí)使用姓和名： 瑪麗。史密斯，這位是約翰。瓊斯。 在這種情況下，你可以自由決定稱呼這位女士 瑪麗 還是 史密斯小姐 .你們有時(shí)會(huì)以稱呼對(duì)方的姓開(kāi)始交談，不久其中一人或兩人同時(shí)開(kāi)始稱呼名字。你可以選擇：如果你不想這么快就稱呼名字，沒(méi)有人會(huì)認(rèn)為你按照自己的習(xí)慣繼續(xù)稱呼姓氏是不禮貌的。答案解析： 1. D 第一段講道美國(guó)人很少關(guān)注 級(jí)別 ，特別是在社交方面。多數(shù)美國(guó)人不想因其年長(zhǎng)或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬。這種特 別的尊敬會(huì)讓他們感到局促不安。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)， D 的意思最準(zhǔn)確、最符合原文。 2. C 第一段原文提到 多數(shù)美國(guó)人因其年長(zhǎng)或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬時(shí)會(huì)感到局促不安。所以選 C. uncomfortable 在本文中應(yīng)該理解為 局促不安的 （ ill at ease； uneasy）。 3. D 第一段結(jié)尾提到 如果只稱呼名字你會(huì)感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑著說(shuō)過(guò)一會(huì)兒你會(huì)稱呼名字，但是第一次見(jiàn)面你習(xí)慣于比較正式的稱呼。所以與美國(guó)人談話并不一定必須（ have to）稱呼名字。 4. B 從引文的上下文中可以推斷出 Mrs. Smith是比較正式的稱呼，而美國(guó)人更喜歡直接稱呼名字。所以選擇 B 5. A 本文主要介紹美國(guó)的社會(huì)習(xí)俗 - 社交場(chǎng)合的稱呼，與歷史無(wú)關(guān)、不是通知的形式、更不是短篇小說(shuō)。所以最可能出現(xiàn)在 旅游 指南上。 Passage 2 Questions 6-10 are based the following passage Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning， a middle， and an end-with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. Buy Super Clean Toothpaste. Drink Goodn Wet Root Beer. Fill up with Pacific Gas. Only if you sleep， which is equal to turning the television set off， are you spared the unending cry of You Need It！ Buy It Now！ The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting， even if youve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed-new houses， new buildings， sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and its fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring， the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time？ Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane？ After a while， of course， the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But youve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops. The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and theres a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat， of course， has become harder as the hours have passed. By now youve sat with you legs crossed， with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit. 6. According to the passage， what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip？ A. Buses on the road. B. Films on television. C. Advertisements on the board. D. Gas stations. 7. What is the purpose of this passage？ A. To give the writers opinion about long bus trips. B. To persuade you to take a long bus trip. C. To explain how bus trips and television shows differ. D. To describe the billboards along the road. 8. The writer of this passage would probably favor A. bus drivers who werent reckless B. driving alone C. a television set on the bus D. no billboards along the road 9. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because A. the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun B. they both have a beginning， a middle， and an end， with commercials in between C. the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses D. both traveling and watching TV are not exciting 10. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are A. exciting B. comfortable C. tiring D. boring PASSAGE2 乘坐長(zhǎng)途車就如同欣賞電視秀，有開(kāi)端、有情節(jié)、也有結(jié)尾，每隔三四分鐘插播商業(yè)廣告。商業(yè)廣告不可避免。無(wú)論是否需要，都會(huì)出現(xiàn)。車窗外每幾分鐘就有 商業(yè)廣告牌閃過(guò)。 買超級(jí)清潔牙膏 、喝個(gè)痛快就喝無(wú)醇飲料 、 充太平洋天然氣 .只有睡覺(jué)，如同關(guān)掉電視機(jī)，才能躲避無(wú)休止的叫喊 你需要這個(gè)！現(xiàn)在就買吧！ 旅程的開(kāi)始是舒適并且有些興奮的，即使曾經(jīng)走過(guò)那條路。通常一些事物有變化，新房子、新建筑、有時(shí)甚至新道路。司機(jī)有駕駛的風(fēng)格，在一開(kāi)始辨認(rèn)出這種風(fēng)格是一種樂(lè)趣。 如果司機(jī)橫沖直撞、敢于冒險(xiǎn)，旅程將如同懸念小說(shuō)一樣驚險(xiǎn)刺激。司機(jī)會(huì)恰好超過(guò)那輛卡車嗎？司機(jī)會(huì)開(kāi)左車道還是右車道？當(dāng)然，不久刺激感漸漸消失了。睡一會(huì)有助于度過(guò)旅途中間幾個(gè)小時(shí)。食物始終讓旅行更有趣 味。但是要注意吃哪種食物。過(guò)于咸的食物能使你在站間非?？诳省?旅行結(jié)尾與開(kāi)端有些相似。你知道旅程將很快結(jié)束，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種期待和興奮。座位一定隨著時(shí)間變得更加堅(jiān)硬?，F(xiàn)在你雙腿交叉著坐著，雙手交叉墊在腦后。旅程適時(shí)結(jié)束。恰好沒(méi)有其他坐姿了。 答案解析： 6、 C 第一段中介紹了乘客在坐長(zhǎng)途車過(guò)程中所見(jiàn)的是廣告牌。 the commercials是 商業(yè)廣告 的意思； billboard 是 廣告牌 的意思，即 advertisements on the board. 7、 A 全文主要介紹作者對(duì)乘 車長(zhǎng)途旅行的感受。 8、 D 第一段作者認(rèn)為 商業(yè)廣告不可避免 和 只有睡覺(jué)才能躲避廣告 ，由此可以推斷出作者不喜歡沿途的廣告牌。 9、 B 根據(jù)文章第一段第一句和第二句 乘坐長(zhǎng)途車就如同欣賞電視秀，有開(kāi)端、有情節(jié)、也有結(jié)尾，每隔三四分鐘插播商業(yè)廣告 可知。 10、 A 根據(jù)文章第二段第一句 旅程的開(kāi)始是舒適并且有些興奮的 和第三段第二句 你知道旅程將很快結(jié)束，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種期待和興奮 可知。 Passage 3 Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage No poem should ever be discussed or analyzed， until it has been read aloud by someone， teacher or student. Better still， perhaps， is the practice of reading it twice， once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end， so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are， in fact， preparations for reading it aloud， and the reading of the poem is， finally， the most telling interpretation of it， suggesting tone， rhythm， and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice， on records or on film， is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or， best of all， reciting it. I have come to think， in fact， that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than analyzing it， if there isnt time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is a criticism of life， a heightening of life， enjoyment with others. It is an approach to the truth of feeling， and it can save your life It also deserves a place in the teaching of languages and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who dont like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature， about its sound as well as its sense， and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it. 11. According to the passage， to have a better understanding of a poem， the best way is A. to discuss it with others B. to analyze it by oneself C. to hear it read out D. to practice reading it aloud 12. The recitation of a poetry by the teacher or a student in the classroom A. is the best way to understand it B. easily arouses some discussion among the students C. helps the teachers to analyse it D. can not take the place of the poet reading it analyse 13. According to the author， one of the purposes of teaching English is getting students A. to criticize life B. to like poetry C. to enjoy life D. to teach poetry 14. What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply？ A. The teaching of poetry should have been much more stressed B. The teaching of poetry is more important than the teaching of any other subject. C. One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry. D. Poetry is the foundation of all languages and literature courses. 15. The phrase make room in the last paragraph can be best replaced by A. build a booth B. provide equipment C. leave a certain amount of time D. set aside enough space PASSAGE 3 在教師或者學(xué)生朗讀之前，絕不應(yīng)該討論或者 分析 詩(shī)歌。朗讀兩次大概更好，一次在討論開(kāi)始時(shí)，另一次在結(jié)尾，這樣人們最后聽(tīng)到的是詩(shī)歌的朗誦 。 事實(shí)上，討論詩(shī)都是為朗讀做準(zhǔn)備，并且讀詩(shī)最終是對(duì)詩(shī)歌最生動(dòng)有效的詮釋，同時(shí)表現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)調(diào)、節(jié)奏和意義。顯而易見(jiàn)，傾聽(tīng)詩(shī)人讀自己的作品，無(wú)論是錄音還是錄像，都會(huì)帶來(lái)特別的收益。但是即使教學(xué)輔助設(shè)備也無(wú)法取代學(xué)生和教師朗讀詩(shī)，最好能夠背誦。 我想到事實(shí)上如果時(shí)間有限，朗讀詩(shī)的重要性遠(yuǎn)大于 分析 詩(shī)。我認(rèn)為作為英語(yǔ)教師，我們的目標(biāo)之一是使學(xué)生熱愛(ài)詩(shī)歌。詩(shī)是 生活的批判 、 生活的升華，與他人的共享。 詩(shī)是 通往真實(shí)情感的道路 ， 能夠拯救生命 .在語(yǔ)言和文學(xué)教學(xué)中，詩(shī)也理應(yīng)占據(jù)比現(xiàn)在更重要的位置。 我 并不是說(shuō)每位英語(yǔ)教師必須教授詩(shī)歌。己所不欲，勿施于人。但是教授詩(shī)歌者必須牢記一些關(guān)于詩(shī)歌本質(zhì)、聲音和感覺(jué)的知識(shí)，也必須在課堂留出聆聽(tīng)和思考的時(shí)間。 答案解析： 11、 D 第一段第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)朗讀詩(shī)應(yīng)置于討論和 分析 之前，第二段第一句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)討論詩(shī)都是為朗讀做準(zhǔn)備，并且朗讀詩(shī)最終是對(duì)詩(shī)歌最生動(dòng)有效的詮釋。第三段第一句也強(qiáng)調(diào)朗讀詩(shī)的重要性遠(yuǎn)大于 分析 詩(shī)。因此，朗讀、討論、分析三者比較，練習(xí)朗讀詩(shī)是能夠更好的理解詩(shī)的最好方式。 12、 A 第二段最后一句講即使教學(xué)輔助設(shè)備也無(wú)法取代學(xué)生和教師朗讀詩(shī)，最好能夠背 誦。由此可以推斷出背誦是理解詩(shī)的最好方式。 13、 B 第三段講我認(rèn)為作為英語(yǔ)教師，我們的目標(biāo)之一是使學(xué)生熱愛(ài)詩(shī)歌。所以答案是熱愛(ài)詩(shī)。 14、 A 第三段最后一句在語(yǔ)言和文學(xué)教學(xué)中，詩(shī)也理應(yīng)占據(jù)比現(xiàn)在更重要的位置。所以應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)詩(shī)歌教學(xué)。應(yīng)選 A 注： stress 是 強(qiáng)調(diào) 的意思 （ To place emphasis on； emphasize） 15、 C make room for 本意是 為 騰出空位 .此處應(yīng)理解為在課上安排時(shí)間聆聽(tīng)和思考詩(shī)歌，即 leave a certain amount of time之意。 Part Vocabulary and Structure Directions： For each sentence there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. You might have the accident if you had had your headlights on. A. missed B. avoided C. escaped D. dismissed 2. The streets were deserted the policeman on duty. A. except B. except for C. but D. besides 3. It said that he murder. A. committed B. conducted C. executed D. emitted 4. If the sun in the west， I would follow you. A. were to rise B. was to rise C. had risen D. would rise 5. He let me use his computer and return I treated him to dinner. A. for B. as C. in D. of 6. It was not until she has arrived home remembered her appointment with the doctor. A. when she B. that she C. and she D. she 7. We didnt know his telephone number； otherwise we him. A. had telephone B. would telephone C. must have telephoned D. would have telephoned 8. Dont risk the chance which so many people dream of. A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. your life to lose 9. I see no in leaving my company since I am doing quite well there. A. reason B. excuse C. point D. chance 10. to speak when the audience interrupted him. A. Hardly had he begun B. No sooner had he begun C. Not until he began D. Scarcely did he begin 11. He finished reading and went on a composition. A. write B. to write C. writing D. being written 12. for your help， wed never have been able to get over the difficulties. A. Had it not B. If it were not C. had it not been D. If we had not been 13. Now the committee seven members. A. consist of B. is consisting of C. is consisted of D. consists of 14. There are no seats for those who are late for the show. A. available B. enough C. supplied D. make 15. The problem at the meeting next week is of great importance. A. discussed B. to be discussed C. being discussed D. discussing 16. The trip will be till next week because of the bad weather. A. put out B. put off C. put on D. put up 17. It is recommended that the project until all the preparations have been made. A. not be started B. will not be started C. is not started D. is not to be started 18. Its time about the traffic problem downtown. A. something was done B. anything will be done C. everything is done D. nothing to be done 19. John is determined to carry out the very important experiment happens， he will not change his plan. A. That B. Whatever C. What D. Wherever 20. at the station， John found the train had just left. A. On reaching B. On arrival C. At reaching D. At arrival 21. Soon he got his difficulties and succeeded. A. across B. away C. over D. through 22. he had forgot to take his notebook. A. That occurred to him B. To him that occurred C. He occurred that D. It occurred to him that 23. They discussed the problem three or four times and finally came to . A. end B. conclusion C. result D. judgment 24.It around nine oclock when I drove back home because it was already dark. A. had to be B. was to be C. must have been D. must be 25. Id rather that you tomorrow than today. A. came B. will come C. had come D. is coming 26. I wish I to study English years ago. A. had started B. started C. could start D. would start 27. I doubt . A. whether he can come B. if he can come or not C. while he will be here D. that he will come 28. The children were surprised when the teacher had them their books unexpectedly. A. closed B. to close C. closing D. close 29. It is not use . A. to buy books and not to read them B. buying books and not to read them C. buying books and not reading them D. to buy books and not reading them 30. This is the place the foreign guests are going to visit A. where B. when C. how D. which Part 詞匯語(yǔ)法解析 1、 B 本題測(cè)試的是詞義辨析。本句的意思是： 如果你開(kāi)著前燈，你本可以避免車禍的發(fā)生。 給出的四個(gè)答案中， A. miss 是 錯(cuò)過(guò)，避免 的意思，例如： The two planes missed disaster by a few inches when they nearly collided. B. avoid 的意思是 避免發(fā)生某事 （ prevent sth from happening），例如： I turned to the side of the road to avoid a collision. C. escape 做及物動(dòng)詞是 （人）逃避，避開(kāi) 的意思，例如：We go south to escape the winter. D. dismiss （ from） 是 解雇，開(kāi)除，遣散 的意思，比較正式，例如：If you are late again， youll be dismissed （ from your job）。 選項(xiàng) A、 B、 C、都有 避免 的意思，但只有 B avoid 含有采取主觀行動(dòng)避免災(zāi)難發(fā)生的意思。 2、 A/B 本題的意思是： 除 了值班的警察，街道空無(wú)一人。 本題考察的是詞組辨析。 Except 含有 除 之外 或 除了 的意思時(shí)，用于非同類事物進(jìn)行比較， 通常用作介詞而不是連詞，人稱代詞用于 except 之后時(shí)通常用賓格，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)極其特殊的、極少數(shù)的例外情況，常與 for 連用。 but 的意思是 除了 ，常常連接兩個(gè)并列人稱作主語(yǔ)，例如： No one has read it but me.或者 No one but me has read it. Besides 的意思是 除 以外，還有 ，介詞，指 在整體中加入一部分 ，表示遞加的概念 ，含義是肯定的。就此分析 A 或 B 均可，只是 B 用法更習(xí)慣一些。 3、 A 本題測(cè)試的是詞義辨析。本句的意思是： 據(jù)說(shuō)他犯了謀殺罪。 A. commit 是 犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪刑） 的意思，賓語(yǔ)常常是表示罪名的詞，如： commit a crime/a sin/suicide/murder. B. conduct 是 指揮、領(lǐng)導(dǎo) 的意思，如： conduct a meeting C. execute 是 執(zhí)行、實(shí)行 的意思，如： execute the decisions of the government D. emit 是 發(fā)射、發(fā)出 的意識(shí)，如： a stove emitting heat 4、 A 本題測(cè)試的是 if 從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本題的意思是： 如果太陽(yáng)從東邊升起，我就聽(tīng)你的。 If 從句表示與將來(lái)的事實(shí)可能 相反（對(duì)將來(lái)的事實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大）的結(jié)構(gòu)是從句： If 主語(yǔ) should （或 were） 動(dòng)詞原形（ were 動(dòng)詞不定式） 主句：主語(yǔ) would （ could， should， might） 動(dòng)詞原形 5、 C 本題測(cè)試的是詞組的固定搭配， in return 是固定搭配，意思是 作為回報(bào)或回復(fù)的 ， 本句的意思是： 他讓我用他的電腦，作為回報(bào)我請(qǐng)他吃晚飯。 其他詞并無(wú)此搭配。 6、 B 本題測(cè)試的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is （ was） that who 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人的時(shí)候用 who ，其他都用that； who 和 that 都不能省略。本句的意思是： 直到回到家，她才想起與醫(yī)生的約會(huì)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 直到她回到家 ，所以應(yīng)選 that. 7、 D would have done sth 與 must have done sth 都表示對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)后者語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，具有 肯定 ， 務(wù)必 的意思； 前者有 本來(lái)要 /會(huì) 的意思。本句的意思是： 我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否則我們本來(lái)會(huì)打電話給他的。 所以應(yīng)選 D 8、 A 本題測(cè)試的是 risk v. sth/doing sth 的用法，例如： By criticizing the boss he risked losing his job. 本句的意思是： 不要冒險(xiǎn)失去這個(gè)許多人夢(mèng)寐以求的機(jī)會(huì)。 ，根據(jù)句意，此事不至于危及生命，所以 D 選項(xiàng)不合邏輯，并且 冒著生命危險(xiǎn)做事 應(yīng)表述為 risk ones life doing sth， 例如： She risked her life trying to save the drowning child. 所以本題應(yīng)選 A 9、 C 本題測(cè)試的是搭配。 A reason 是 原因，理由 的意思，應(yīng)與 to do搭配，例如： They have said the new product will be a success， and I see no reason to doubt it. B excuse 是 借口、理由 的意思，應(yīng)與 for doing sth或者 to do sth搭配，例如： his excuse for being late； to think of an excuse to leave C point 有 目的、好處 之意，與 in/of doing sth搭配。例如： I see no point in trying to persuade him-hell never change his mind. D chance 是 機(jī)會(huì)、可能 的意思，應(yīng)與 to do sth 搭配，例如： He had no chance to apologize. 所以應(yīng)選 C 本句的意思是： 我在公司做得很好，看不出離開(kāi) 那有什么好處。 10、 A Hardly/Scarcelywhen 和 no soonerthan 固定搭配，意義相當(dāng)于as soon as，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句為過(guò)去時(shí)，如 hardly或 no sooner 位于句首時(shí)語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，而且主句的謂語(yǔ)要用部分倒裝。當(dāng) Not until 引出主從復(fù)合句，主句部分倒裝， not until 從句不倒裝，例如： Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 11、 B 本題測(cè)試的是 go on doing sth 和 go on to do sth 的區(qū)別， go on doing sth 是 繼續(xù)做同一件事 的意思， go on to do sth 是 （做完一件事后）繼續(xù)做另一件事 的意思。本句的意思是： 他完成閱讀后，繼續(xù)寫作文 ，是做不同的事，所以應(yīng)選 B 12、 C 本題測(cè)試的是虛擬過(guò)去時(shí) if 從句的省略。虛擬過(guò)去時(shí) if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)即 had過(guò)去分詞，主句用 would / should / could / might have 過(guò)去分詞，有時(shí)可以 連詞 if 省去，而將 had ， should， were 等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 If it had not been for his help（ =but for his help）， we would not have succeeded. 13、 D 本題測(cè)試的是主謂一致和詞組 consist of 的用法。 committee 是集合名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)委員會(huì)作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，例如： The committee controls school spending. 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)委員會(huì)的 成員個(gè)體時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。本句的意思是： 現(xiàn)在委員會(huì)由 7 名成員組成 ，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所以用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。同時(shí)， consist of sth 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。此句雖然有 now 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以選 D 14、 A 本題測(cè)試的是詞義辨析。本句的意思是： 現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有