The day was like any other day in his life, Tom walked past the shop on the street comer. He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much were still there. Looking down, he felt sorry for himself. He really wanted to have them for his birthday.He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother about it. He knew she would give him anything he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money. He decided not to go home at once, as he looked worried and his mother would notice (注意) it. So he went to the park and sat on the grass. Then he saw a boy in a wheel chair (輪椅) . He noticed that the boy moved the wheel with his hands. Tom looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy have no feet. He looked at his own feet. “Its much better to be without shoes than without feet, ” he thought. There was no reason (理由) for him to feel so sorry and sad. He sent away and smiled, thinking he was happier.1Tom passed the shop_.Aon footBby busCby bike Din a car2Why did Tom stop in front of the shop? Because he wanted_. Ato buy the shoesBto look at the shoes he likedCto look at the shoes in the shop windowDto look at the shoes on the front row3The pair of shoes he liked was _. Atoo expensiveBquite cheapCnot thereDnot sold yet4Tom went into the park because he_. Awas thinking how to tell his mother about itBwanted to see the boyCdidnt want to make his mother worriedDhe felt sad5From the story we can know that Tom_. Aliked new shoes very muchBloved his mother bestCdidnt want to go to schoolDdidnt want to stay at homePeople sometimes like to read stories of dogs very much. They think that dogs are much cleverer than cats, sheep, cows or other animals in their homes.One of my close friends, Bob, has a very large police dog named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon, Bob and Jack have a walk in the park nearby. Jack likes these walks very much. One Sunday afternoon, I paid a visit to my friend. I stayed there for a long time and my friend and I had much more talk with each other than ever before. Soon it was time for them to take a walk in the park. We forgot that. Jack became worried about it. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of me and looked at me. But I still paid no attention (注意) to him. I went on talking with my friend. At last, Jack could not wait any longer. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down in front of me again. But this time, he held my hat in his mouth. Suddenly, I understood what Jack meant and so did my friend.1How many people are there in this story?_. AOneBTwoCThreeDFour2Jack_. Ais a close friend of mineBenjoys long walks in the park every Sunday afternoonChas many close friendsDenjoys talks in the room3Jack was worried because_. Ahe wanted to eat somethingBit was Sunday afternoon againChe was not feeling wellDhe wanted his master (主人) to take him for a walk4Jack took my hat in his mouth to show that_. AI should leave the house at onceBhe liked my hat very muchChe was hungry and he tried to eat itDhe wanted to have a rest5Which of the following is true?_. AWhen Jack and I were talking, my friend didnt pay any attention to usBWhen I was talking to my friend, Jack didnt pay any attention to usCWhen my friend and I were talking, we didnt pay any attention to JackDWhen my friend was talking to Jack, I paid attention to themPeter was a small boy. He lived with his parents in a small house near some hills. The people there were all poor.One night it was very dry and windy.When everybody was asleep, Peter suddenly heard some noise. It came out from the kitchen (廚房). He got up and walked to the kitchen. He found that the wood beside the stove (火爐) was burning . There was no water tap (水龍頭) in the house , so he could not put out (撲滅) the fire . He shouted loudly to wake up everyone in the house. Then he ran out of his house and knocked on the doors of many houses to wake the people up. They all left their houses quickly. At last the fire was put out by the firemen. Many houses were burnt. But nobody was burnt in the fire.1Peter lived with his_. AsistersBbrothersCunclesDparents2One night he found that_ beside the stove was burning. Athe tableBthe woodCthe doorDthe window3_, so he could not put out the fire. AEverybody was asleepBHe couldnt shout loudlyCThe kitchen was very bigDthere was no water tap in the house4Peter knocked on the doors of many houses_. Ato wake the people upBto get some waterCto find his classmatesDto visit them5_hurt in the fire. APeople in other houses wereBPeters parents wereCNobody wasDPeter was“Youre just in time, Joe. Were going to play cowboys（牛仔） and Indians, and you can be the Indians. ” One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said.“How many Indians?” I asked.“Oh, about a thousand. ” He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind. The shouts of “After them. Lets catch the killers!” and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpas car“Weve got him, boys. Lets go and catch him!”But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look.Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（繩子）, and we can burn him. ”“Only Indians burn people. Cowboys.” I stopped just in time. I had almost said, “Cowboys hang（絞死）people. ”I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “Were leaving now. ”“Untie me.” I shouted. ”Were going.“Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?” Mum asked when we were in the car. “He was asking Dad whether he had any. ”“oh, he was just going t matches? MATCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches”Mother was quite sure, and I didnt say any more.1How many children played the Indians? AOne thousandBOne hundredCOne groupDOne2Why did Joes cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because_. Athere were not enough children four the gameBthe game was just going to startCnone of his cousins wanted to be the IndiansDthey were waiting for Joe3Joe didnt say “Cowbays hang people.” Because_. Ahe was tied to a treeBthat would make things worseChe was caught by the cowboysDthat would make the cowboys angry4Which of the following is TRUE? AOne of Joes cousins was looking for matches.BDad didnt want to give the children any matches.CBobby wanted to get some matches from his father.DMum didnt think children should play with matches.5The name of the story should he“_.” AJoe and his cousinsBWho knows what danger is waiting thereCCowboys and Indians is a favourite childrens gameDHow cowboys and Indians fought in the pastA very new, young officer was at a station. He was on his way to visit his mother in another town, and he wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of this train , so that she could meet him at the station in her carHe look in all his pockets, but round that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went outside and looked around for someone to help him.At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Have you got change（零錢） for ten pence（便士）?”“Wait a moment, ” the old soldier answered. He began to put his hand in his pock- et, “Ill see whether I can help you. ”“Dont you know how to speak to an officer?” the young man said angrily. “Now lets start again. Have you got change for ten pence? ”“No, sir,” the old soldier answered quickly.1The young officer and his mother lived_. Ain the same townBin different placesCin another townDin the other town2The young officer Wanted to telephone his mother to tell her_. Athat he was going to visit herBwhere his train would leave forCwhat time his train would arrive at the stationDthat he was then at the station3He looked around for help because he_. Ahad no money to make the phone callBdid not know where to make the phone callCneeded some change for the phone callDwanted to get change from the old soldier4The young officer was angry because he thought the old soldier_. Awas polite to himBwas not polite to himCdidnt know how to speak to himDdidnt like to help him at all5Which of the following is not true? ABoth the young officer and the old soldier were angry.BThe young officer wanted his mother to meet him at the station.CHe wanted the old soldier to speak to him in a polite way.DHe didnt know the soldier before.參考答案：1ABDCB 2BBDAC 3DBDAC 4DCBAB 5BCCBA 教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1、學(xué)習(xí)本課生詞及用法2、掌握并運用過去完成時教學(xué)重點及難點：過去完成時的理解及運用教學(xué)手段：多媒體課件教學(xué)過程一、過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點 概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|-那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成：過去完成時由“助動詞 had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時間點。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過去的時間點。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。 過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （ 1 ）賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）狀語從句中 在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過去完成時的主要用法 1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”） 2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能）四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”） 五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。試比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.英語過去完成時重難點實例講解要掌握好英語過去完成時，最關(guān)鍵的一點是要掌握它的含義?，F(xiàn)在很多的文章在講解過去完成時的時候，都用了一句流行的說法，叫“過去的過去”。雖然這樣的概括點明了過去完成時的要點，但究竟什么才叫“過去的過去”呢？如果不搞清它的含義，只是去記住什么時間狀語(如：before, by, until , when, after等)，或者記住哪些動詞常用于過去完成時等等，是不能很好掌握過去完成時的。一、重點英語中，已經(jīng)有了一個過去一般時表示在過去發(fā)生的動作，為什么還有過去完成時呢？要記?。哼^去完成時的關(guān)鍵概念是：假設(shè)在過去發(fā)生了兩件(或以上)的事件，一件是A事件，另一件是B事件，如果A、B兩個事件幾乎是同時發(fā)生的，那就用一般過去時；但是，如果A、B兩個事件不是同時發(fā)生的，怎么辦呢？那就是：哪個事件先發(fā)生，就用過去完成時；哪個事件后發(fā)生，就用過去完成時。在上面的假設(shè)中，如果A事件先發(fā)生，A就用過去完成時；如果B事件先發(fā)生，B就用過去完成時；而不管兩件事是用什么樣的時間狀語或其它形式表示的。請看例句：例1She said (that) she had never been to Paris.例2When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.例3We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.例4Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 例5The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.在上面的五個例子中，我們只要稍微分析一下，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：每個例子講述的內(nèi)容中，都包含著兩個(或以上)在過去發(fā)生的事件。我們將兩件事抽取出來看一下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后發(fā)生的：例1said had never been to (先沒有“去”，后“說”)例2arrivedhad run away. (先“跑”了，后“到”)例3 had hoped would comedidnt (先“希望”，后才發(fā)生“沒去”)例4was disappointedhad left arrived (先“離開”，后“到達”和“失望”)例5were writingwent had left (先“離開”，后“到”和“寫”)二、難點過去完成時的難點在于：有時候一句話中并沒有出現(xiàn)兩個事件，因此無法比較兩個事件的先后。那為什么也用過去完成時呢？請看下面的例句：例1By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.實際上，在上面的例句中，仍然有著“先、后”之分的。不過，這次不是A、B兩件事件的先后，而是有兩個過去時間的“先、后”關(guān)系。首先，句子中有個明確的過去時間點：12歲。說他“12歲”，顯然是過去式。那么，緊接著說“他已經(jīng)開始謀生了”，這個“謀生”是發(fā)生在“12歲”時，還是“12歲”前，還是“12歲”后？答案是肯定的：他的“謀生”發(fā)生在“12歲”之前!也就是說，“12歲”已經(jīng)是一般過去時，而在“12歲”之前發(fā)生的事，當(dāng)然是過去完成時。所以，在那么多表示時間狀語的詞中，大家要特別注意By、Until等的用法?？梢哉f，在講述過去的事件中，如果出現(xiàn)By時間狀語，很有可能要用過去完成時了。(當(dāng)然，我說的是很有可能。)類似的時間表達方式還有Until、Before等。只要大家把握了過去完成時的基本含義，不管句子怎么變化，應(yīng)該沒有多大的問題。例如：例2Until then, his family hadnt heard from him for six month.此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有個明確的過去時間點then(那時)，而hadnt heard發(fā)生在then之前(包括then)。所以此句用的是過去完成時。再舉兩個例子，請大家自己分析：例3We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term.例4I waited until he had finished his homework.例5We had got to the station before 10:00.過去完成時練習(xí)和分析提示請先閱讀本站的文章“過去完成時重難點實例講解”，然后完成下列練習(xí)。 漢譯英 1.到上學(xué)期你們學(xué)會了多少首歌？ 2.到昨天晚上，他把這篇課文讀了三遍。 3.十點鐘前，我們到達了車站。 4.在他上中學(xué)之前，已學(xué)會了兩百多個英語單詞。 5.當(dāng)我們到達電影院時，電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了。 參考答案 1. How many songs had you learned by the end of last term? 注兩個時間點的比較。 2. By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times. 注兩個時間點的比較。 3. We had got to the station before 10:00. 注兩個時間點的比較。 4. He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle school. 注兩個事件的比較。 5.When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. 注兩個事件的比較。哈佛大學(xué)英語系研究，美國布什推薦。專為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做。官方網(wǎng)站：/ 哈佛大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供學(xué)英語簡單嗎？肯定會有許多學(xué)生說：“難死了”。為什么有好多學(xué)生對英語的學(xué)習(xí)都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個：“不得法?！?英語與漢語一樣都是一種語言，為什么你說漢語會如此流利？那是因為你置身于一個漢語環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準(zhǔn)說起英語來會非常流利。但很多中學(xué)生沒有很好的英語環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設(shè)置一個英語環(huán)境，堅持“多說”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語成績肯定會很出色。 一、多“說”。 自己多創(chuàng)造機會與英語教師多講英語，見了同學(xué)，尤其是和好朋友在一起時盡量用英語去問候，談心情這時候你需隨身攜帶一個英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時查一下這些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個單詞自然而然就會記住。千萬別把學(xué)英語當(dāng)成負擔(dān)，始終把它當(dāng)成一件有趣的事情去做。 或許你有機會碰上外國人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)校只是別問及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國人談英語容易的多。因為他和你交談時會用許多簡單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達自己的思想。 如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關(guān)系，你可以拿過一本書或其它什么東西做假想對象，對它談你一天的所見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長此堅持下去你的口語肯定會有較大的提高。 二、多“聽” 尋找一切可以聽英語的機會。別人用英語交談時，你應(yīng)該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應(yīng)該接觸到，如果這樣的機會少的話，你可以選擇你不知內(nèi)容的文章去聽，這將會對你幫助很大，而你去聽學(xué)過的課文的磁帶，那將會對你的語言語調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。 三、多“讀”。 “讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時間的練習(xí)將會對你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內(nèi)容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因為現(xiàn)在的英語高考越來越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關(guān)系，所以經(jīng)過高中三年閱讀的訓(xùn)練后，你必定會在高考中勝券在握。 另一種是“朗讀”這是學(xué)語言必不可少的一種學(xué)習(xí)途徑。 四、多“寫” 有的同學(xué)總是抱怨時間緊，根本沒時間寫作文。其實“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當(dāng)天學(xué)了某一個詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設(shè)一個語境恰如其份地用上這個詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學(xué)“wish”一詞時，可寫一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,Im different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只幾句話：但wish的幾種用法已躍然紙上，這樣寫下來印象會深刻得多，這樣比死記硬背wish的用法也有趣輕松的多。 學(xué)習(xí)英語不用花大塊的時間，10分鐘的散步可以練說,吃完飯后可以讀一會兒英語小說，睡前聽幾分鐘英語，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些時間來練英語，你的英語成績肯定會很快提高的。 背英語單詞技巧 Unit 11、People wont use money. Everything will be free.人們不會再用錢了，一切都是免費的2、People will live to be 200 years old.人們會活到200歲的。3、Kids wont go to school. Theyll study at home on computers.孩子們不會去上學(xué)了，他們會呆在家里學(xué)習(xí)5、There will be fewer trees.會有更少的樹6、There will be less pollution.會有更少的污染7、What do you think Sally will be in five years?你認為Sally10年后會干什么呢？8、I think shell be a doctor.我認為他會成為一名醫(yī)生的9、I fall in love with Shanghai.我愛上了上海10、I dont like living alone.我不喜歡獨自居住11、I will be able to dress more casually.我會穿得更隨意些12、Predicting the future can be difficult.預(yù)測未來可能是難得13、They