.,nounclause名詞性從句,第一輪復(fù)習(xí),.,NounClause:FunctionsasaNOUNinasentence.,Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名詞在句中可以充當(dāng)什么成分?,.,Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,.,Whatarenounclauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.,SubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseafteraprepositionPredictiveclauseAppositiveclause,.,什么叫名詞性從句？,在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses）名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,.,名詞性從句nounclause,主語從句subjectclause,賓語從句objectclause,表語從句predicativeclause,同位語從句appositiveclause,.,Whatkindofclausesarethey?,Whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry.Whyshedidthisisstillunknown.Itshardtoforgetwhatwehavelearnedinhisclasses.PleasedonttellmymotherwhenIllgivehermygift.,.,ThatswhyIcantfollowyou.Theproblemisthatitsveryhardtocatchyourwords.Thefactthathetellsliesallthetimemakesussurprised.Thereisnodoubtthatitwillraintomorrow.,.,Imnotsurewhetheryouwouldlikeitornot.ShefeltverysurprisedthatIfinisheditallbymyself.Ihavenoideawhereheis.Pleasetellusthetruthhowmanypeopleweredrownedintheflood.,.,Thenoveltellsthatthetruthalwaystakesthesideofthemajorityofpeople.Icantexplainwhyhebehaveslikethat.Howhefinisheddoingthatisnotimportant.Wherewewillgohasntbeendecidedyet.,.,名詞性從句中的連接詞有:連詞:that/whether/asif(though);連接代詞:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，連接副詞:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。,.,連詞:引導(dǎo)從句，但在從句中不作成分that：無詞義，不作成分，起連接作用whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起連接作用If只用于賓從中asif(though)：“好象”只連接表語從句連接代詞：引導(dǎo)從句，并在從句中作成分What（ever）：（無論）什么，作主，賓，表，定語which（ever）：（無論）哪一個(gè)（些）作主，賓，表，定語Who（ever）：“（無論）誰（主格）”作主，賓Whom（ever）：“（無論）誰（賓格）”作賓whose（ever）：“（無論）誰的，作定,.,連接副詞:引導(dǎo)從句，作狀語When（ever）：“什么時(shí)候”作狀語where：“什么地方”how：怎樣why：為什么從句中用陳述句序：疑問詞+陳述句語序,.,.,Finishexerciseonpage9(textbook):underlineallthenounclausesyoucanfind,（1）名詞性從句構(gòu)成有3種,That+陳述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.,b.if/whether+陳述句Nooneknewif/whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident.,c.疑問詞+句子的剩余成分Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.,.,名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納,一、名詞性從句的語序：陳述語序,(1)that和whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句,Shesensedsomething.AtallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringatherShesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.,Shewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.,.,(2)疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句也要求使用陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句（倒裝）語序。,他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(),你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(),F,T,T,F,.,1.主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分,1).hewillsucceediscertain.2)hewillgothereisnotknown.3)hesaidisnottrue.4)hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)comesiswelcome.6)Itscertainhewillsucceed.,7)wecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,8)theyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,That,Whether,What,Where,Whoever,that,How,When,.,由that引導(dǎo):1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)3._isapity.(你錯(cuò)過了這次機(jī)會(huì))that無意義,后接一個(gè)完整的句子.that不可省,Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,.,考點(diǎn)一:主語從句后置!為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由連詞whether和if,連接代詞what,who,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo).也常常后置:,Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,.,Itdoesntmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner.Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome.Itisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttime.,.,It的用法：（形式主語）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat.據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已經(jīng)通知/宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that顯然、明顯、碰巧.Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/無疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(眾所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗話說）,.,Itiswellknown/reported/thought/saidthatItisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtfulthatItisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatItdoesntmatterwhetherItseemsthatIthappensthat,.,考點(diǎn)二注意：主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.,.,賓語從句,.,賓語從句：1.從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分（可以作謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞，不定式等非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語）連詞：that,whether，if（that?？墒÷裕﹚ho,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow1).Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3)Iamafraidthathedidntcallme.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,.,用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.,whether/if,whether,whether,.,1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句a.當(dāng)whether后緊跟ornot時(shí),不用if.eg:IdontknowwhetherIwillstayornot.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,2.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別,.,1.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.2._theycandoitmatterslittletous.3._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,whether,Whether,If,.,2).that在賓語從句中的省略與保留a.在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略.eg:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.Idontthinkitrightthatyouleavehomewithouttellingyourparents.b.由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第二個(gè)that不省略.eg:Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,.,3.時(shí)態(tài)一致（主從句中一致）1）.當(dāng)從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)，真理，自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2）在“命令，要求，建議”等相關(guān)詞后的名詞性從句中常用虛擬語氣（suggest.advise）,.,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),1.如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài).a.他相信他的夢想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的.Hebelieves_.b.請告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么.Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,.,2.如果主句謂語是過去時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí)，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。Hetoldme_.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。Hetoldme_.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。Theteachertellsus_,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,Hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,lighttravelsinastraightline.,.,1.Thefactis_shedoesntlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_Idonthaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas_hecouldgetthemoney.,Thepredicativeclauseisalsoeasy!,that,that,whether,whether/where/how,.,3.表語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后.作用：對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。,連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how/because,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.,.,because,asif也可引導(dǎo)表語從句:1.Heisabsenttoday.Its_heisseriouslyill.2.Itlooks_itsgoingtorainagain.TrueorFalse:Hersuggestionisthatwewilldoitbyturns.Hersuggestionisthatwedoitbyturns.,because,asif,.,4同位語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明.,同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when/where/why/how/whether,1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.,3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,.,三、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別,1.同位語從句的格式：n.+連接詞+從句2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用whether,what,when,where等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。,.,1.Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,that,whether,.,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,.,引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。,分析下列賓語從句中的連詞,Idontdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.,3個(gè)句子中的連詞that,whether,if（是否）在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，在句中不擔(dān)任成分,被稱為連接詞注意：a.that本身無意義，在賓語從句中可以省略，但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意義，在賓語從句中二者通?？梢曰Q。但whether可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句，而if僅可以用于賓語從句。,連接詞,.,注意：,在表語從句中，表“是否”時(shí)，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。引導(dǎo)多個(gè)并列賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語從句“that”可以省Itis/wasbecause.這是因?yàn)镮tis/waswhy.這就是為什么3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,.,另外，在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題：,填空:1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimis_hehasoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentis_hewasill.,reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用why引導(dǎo),但reason后面的定語從句可以用why或者that引導(dǎo)。,.,綜合運(yùn)用：,Theearthisround,_isknowntoeverybody.,as/which,2._isknowntoeverybody,theearthisround.,As,3._theearthisroundisknowntoeverybody.,That,4._isknowntoeverybodythattheearthisround.,It,5.Everybodyknows_theearthisround.,that,6._surprisedusverymuchthatourteacherleftwithoutaword.,It,7._surprisedusverymuchwasthatourteacherleftwithoutaword.,What,.,Choosethecorrectsentencefromeachpair:,Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldntunderstand.Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandyouwouldntunderstand.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,ourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.,.,ImustnevertellanyonethatIcouldnotseethecloth.ImustnevertellanyoneIcouldnotseethecloth.Wethinkitimportantthatwestudyhard.Wethinkitimportantwestudyhard.,.,Whetherhewillacceptyouroffer,Idontknow.Ifhewillacceptyouroffer,Idontknow.Ithinkthathewillnotappear.Idontthinkthathewillappear.,.,Whethershecomesornotdoesntconcernme.Ifshecomesornotdoesntconcernme.Whenandwherewewillgoarestillnotknown.Whenandwherewewillgoisstillnotknown.,.,IwishIsawyouyesterday.IwishIhadseenyouyesterday.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsherestsforafewdays.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsherestforafewdays.,考點(diǎn)二:虛擬語氣subjunctivemood.,.,Itshigh/abouttimethatIleave.Itshigh/abouttimethatIleft.Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisdemandedthatheleftatonce.,.,1.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy_wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it,歷屆高考題,.,4.MrMikedidntunderstand_madehiswifesoupsetthismorning.whatwasitB.whyitwasthisC.howthatwasD.whatitwasthat5.Iwonder_.whoofthemshouldIelectB.whoofthemIshouldelectC.whichofthemshouldIelectD.whichofthemIshouldelect,.,6.Itwasnotuntildark_hefound_hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;that7.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand_morethan10,000yearsago.A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska,.,8.-Isthisfactory_thefalsewinewasmade?-Yes.Andalsotheone_usedtosellforgedcigarettes.theone;whereB.that;thatC.what;whichD.where;that9._Doyouthink_weshoulddotoimproveourEnglish?A./;whatB.What;thatC.What;/D.How;that10.Theargumentremainedextremelyheated_therearenecessaryconditionsofexistencesuchaswaterontheMars.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.aboutwhich,.,11.Youdbettergivethetaskto_youthinkcansucceedincarryingitoutaheadoftime.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.anyoneD.whoever12._turncolorandfalltothegroundisasignofwinter.A.ThatleafB.ThatleavesC.ThoseleafD.Thoseleaves13.Yourshoesare_.A.wheretheywereB.theplaceyouputC.inthecornerthatyouputD.theretheyare,.,14.Theboydivedintothewaterandafter_seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.A.thatB.whatC.itD.which15.WhenChristopherColumbusreached_isnowtheUSA,hecalledthepeopleofthenewworld“Indians”.whichB.whatC.whereD.theplacewhere16._hewasill,IwasexpectedtotakehisplacegreatlysurprisedmeforIdidnthavemuchexperience.A.IfB.IfthatC.ThatD.Thatif,.,17.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that18.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever19.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what,.,20._intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires21.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschoolisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that,.,22.Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich23.Mumiscoming.Whatpresent_foryourbirthday?youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegotC.doyouexpectshesgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot,.,24.-Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemis_hehasrefusedto.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what25.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which,.,26.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether27.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.whyB.whereC.whatD.how28.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.w