模擬培訓(xùn)材料英譯漢翻譯策略以銀行管理學(xué)員手冊(cè)為例STRATEGIESOFECTRANSLATIONOFSIMULATIONTRAININGMATERIALSACASESTUDYOFPARTICIPANTMANUALOFTHEBANKMANAGEMENTSYSTEM摘要隨著中外培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)的日益頻繁，培訓(xùn)教材翻譯工作也顯得日益重要。但是，目前的培訓(xùn)教材文獻(xiàn)翻譯，尤其是英漢翻譯的譯文質(zhì)量不盡人意，究其原因，主要是缺乏對(duì)培訓(xùn)專業(yè)語(yǔ)篇目標(biāo)的認(rèn)識(shí)，缺乏恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g策略,致使培訓(xùn)翻譯工作仍然停留在詞匯和語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換層面，使譯文產(chǎn)生陌生感，并可能導(dǎo)致目標(biāo)讀者對(duì)原文的誤解。本文基于對(duì)中國(guó)銀行模擬培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的研究，通過(guò)對(duì)模擬培訓(xùn)英譯中語(yǔ)篇在培訓(xùn)中的運(yùn)用譯文的兩次比較，尋求一些適合模擬培訓(xùn)英漢翻譯的翻譯策略和方法。本論文借鑒翻譯的歷史觀點(diǎn)并考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)流行的翻譯原理和策略，從模擬培訓(xùn)資料中選出20個(gè)語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行分析強(qiáng)調(diào)翻譯的目標(biāo)和文化相關(guān)性，以求總結(jié)出模擬培訓(xùn)翻譯過(guò)程中的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律，并嘗試提出模擬培訓(xùn)英漢翻譯策略。研究表明，在模擬培訓(xùn)翻譯中不僅要考慮培訓(xùn)目的，還要考慮漢英兩種語(yǔ)言的文化差異，運(yùn)用正確的翻譯策略，才能得出高質(zhì)量的譯文。同時(shí)，通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)目前模擬培訓(xùn)翻譯研究中的局限和存在問(wèn)題，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)的重要性，針對(duì)目前模擬培訓(xùn)翻譯交流中存在的困難提出解決方案，希望對(duì)日后的模擬培訓(xùn)翻譯工作有幫助，同時(shí)也希望翻譯學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)模擬培訓(xùn)翻譯工作給予更多的關(guān)注和支持。關(guān)鍵詞策略；英譯中翻譯；模擬培訓(xùn)；培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)；文化差異ABSTRACTSINCETHEEXCHANGEOFTRAININGPROGRAMSBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIESISMOREANDMOREFREQUENT,THETRANSLATIONOFTRAININGMATERIALSISBECOMINGMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTHOWEVER,THECURRENTTRANSLATIONQUALITYOFTRAININGMATERIALSISNOTGOODENOUGH,ESPECIALLYTHEENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONTHEREARESOMEREASONSSUCHASLESSUNDERSTANDINGFORTRANSLATIONOBJECTSOFTRAININGMATERIALS,DEFICIENCYOFAWARENESSTOTHECULTURALDIFFERENCESWHENTRANSLATING,ANDESPECIALLYTHEDEFICIENCYOFTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESASARESULT,THECURRENTTRANSLATIONOFTRAININGMATERIALSISMAINLYRESTRICTEDATTHELEXICALANDSEMANTICLEVELS,WHERETHETARGETTEXTISEASILYTOBEMISUNDERSTOODTHISRESEARCHISBASEDONASIMULATIONTRAININGPROGRAMOFTHEBANKOFCHINABYREPEATEDCOMPARISONWITHTHEFINALCHINESETRANSLATIONANDTHEORIGINALCHINESEOFENGLISHTRAININGMATERIALS,THEAUTHORTRIESTODESCRIBESOMESTRATEGIESOFTRANSLATIONSOMERELEVANTLINGUISTICTHEORIESAREINTRODUCEDBECAUSETHEYARECONSIDEREDNECESSARYTORENDERGOODTRANSLATIONS20TERMSORSENTENCEARESELECTEDFROMTHESIMULATIONTRAININGMATERIALSFORCOMPARISONINORDERTOFINDOUTTHEREGULARITYOFTRANSLATING,SOTHATTHETRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESCANBEOBTAINEDACCORDINGTOTHEANALYSIS,THETRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESDEALINGWITHRELATEDTRAININGMATERIALSARECLASSIFIEDINTOTWOPRINCIPLESTHEORIGINALOBJECTANDCULTUREDIFFERENCETHEAUTHORHOPESTHISTENTATIVERESEARCHCANHELPTRANSLATORSTOBEAWAREOFTHESIGNIFICANCEOFCHINESEENGLISHTRANSLATIONINTRAININGMATERIALSOURUSEFULEXPERIENCEANDFURTHERRESULTSOFSTUDYONTRAININGSIMULATIONMATERIALSWILLBEALSOPROVIDEDKEYWORDSSTRATEGIESENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONSIMULATIONTRAININGTRANSLATIONOBJECTCULTURALDIFFERENCESTABLEOFCONTENTS1INTRODUCTION711RESEARCHBACKGROUND712RESEARCHOBJECTS913PAPERORGANIZATION92RATIONALE93DATADESCRIPTION1231BRIEFINTRODUCTIONOFTHESLT1232BRIEFINTRODUCTIONOFTHETLT1333STANDARDOFDATASELECTION134DATAANALYSIS1341METHODSOFANALYSIS1442THESTRATEGIESOFTRANSLATINGSCMTERMINOLOGY17421SIMULATIONSTRATEGIESTHEMATERIALCULTURE17422SIMULATIONSTRATEGYTHESYSTEMANDCUSTOMCULTURE19423SIMULATIONSTRATEGYTHESPIRITUALCULTURE1943THEANALYSISOFTRAININGRESULT205RESULTSANDSUGGESTIONS2251RESULTS2252SUGGESTIONS226CONCLUSIONS24BIBLIOGRAPHY25APPENDIXIBANKINGSIMULATIONEVALUATIONQUESTIONNAIRE26APPENDIXIISTANDTT26APPENDIXIIITHEENGLISHORIGINALANDFINALTRANSLATIONS26APPENDIXIVBANKINGSIMULATIONEVALUATIONQUESTIONNAIRE29STRATEGIESOFECTRANSLATIONOFSIMULATIONTRAININGMATERIALSACASESTUDYOFPARTICIPANTMANUALOFTHEBANKMANAGEMENTSYSTEM1INTRODUCTION11RESEARCHBACKGROUNDTHEBANKOFCHINAWASFORMALLYESTABLISHEDINFEBRUARY1912FOLLOWINGTHEAPPROVALOFDRSUNYATSENAFTERTHEFOUNDINGOFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA,BANKOFCHINABECAMETHESTATEDESIGNATEDSPECIALISTFOREIGNEXCHANGEANDFOREIGNTRADEBANKANDCONTRIBUTEDSUBSTANTIALLYTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASFOREIGNTRADEANDNATIONALECONOMYTRANSFORMEDFROMASPECIALISTFOREIGNEXCHANGEBANKINTOASTATEOWNEDCOMMERCIALBANKIN1994,BANKOFCHINABEGANAJOINTSTOCKRESTRUCTURINGIN2003,WHICHRESULTEDINBANKOFCHINALIMITEDBEINGINCORPORATEDINAUGUST2004ANDLISTEDONTHEHONGKONGSTOCKEXCHANGEANDTHESHANGHAISTOCKEXCHANGEINJUNEANDJULY2006RESPECTIVELY,BECOMINGTHEFIRSTASHAREANDHSHAREDUALLISTEDCHINESECOMMERCIALBANKASTHEMOSTINTERNATIONALANDDIVERSIFIEDBANKINCHINA,BANKOFCHINAPROVIDESACOMPREHENSIVERANGEOFFINANCIALSERVICESTOCUSTOMERSACROSSTHECHINESEMAINLAND,HONGKONG,MACAUAND29OVERSEASCOUNTRIESTHEBANKSCOREBUSINESSISCOMMERCIALBANKING,INCLUDINGCORPORATEBANKING,PERSONALBANKINGANDFINANCIALMARKETSSERVICESOTHERBUSINESS,SUCHASTHEINVESTMENTBANKING,THEINSURANCEBUSINESS,THEFUNDMANAGEMENTBUSINESS,THEDIRECTINVESTMENTANDINVESTMENTMANAGEMENTBUSINESS,THEAIRCRAFTLEASINGBUSINESSANDETC,ARESEPARATELYRUNOROPERATEDBYTHEBANKSSUBSIDIARIESTHEBANKSINSTITUTEOFINTERNATIONALFINANCE,BEIJING,ISTHETRAININGDEPARTMENTOFHEADOFFICEANDUNDERGOINGTHESTAFFTRAININGPROGRAMS,ESPECIALLYRESPONSIBLEFORTHEMANAGEMENTANDFINANCIALBUSINESSTRAININGFORTHEHIGHLEVELOVERSEASANDDOMESTICBANKERSRAPIDINTERNATIONALIZATIONOFBANKINGBUSINESSHASRESULTEDINTHEINCREASINGNEEDSOFTRAININGPROGRAMSORPROJECTSMANYBANKINGTRAININGPRODUCTSHAVEBEENINPUTFROMWESTERNCOUNTRIESBYTHEINSTITUTETHESEDAYSMANYOFTHEINPUTPRODUCTSAREBANKINGTRAININGCOURSESTHEORIGINALMATERIALSAREWRITTENMAINLYINENGLISHTHESEDIFFERENTKINDSOFTRAININGMATERIALSSHOULDBETRANSLATEDINTOCHINESEFIRSTHOWDOTHETRANSLATIONSMATCHWITHVARIOUSKINDSOFTRAINEESWITHDIFFERENTENGLISHLEVELTORIGHTLYANSWERTHISQUESTION,THEENGLISHCHINESEECTRANSLATIONINTRAININGISBECOMINGANIMPORTANTPRACTICEASWEKNOW,ENGLISHTOCHINESETRANSLATIONINTRAININGMATERIALSARECHARACTERIZEDBYTHEIRSPECIALRULESMOREOVER,ENGLISHCHINESEECMATERIALISALSOWITHCHINESECULTUREFURTHERMORE,INSOMECHINESECLASSICALTRAININGWORKS,THEAUTHORSLIKETOADOPTVARIOUSWAYSTOBUILDTHETRAININGFIGURES,ASWELLASCHOOSESUITABLETRAININGOBJECTWORDSASARESULT,AGOODECTRAININGMARTIALTRANSLATIONINTRAININGWORKSCOULDHELPTHETARGETLANGUAGETLREADERSUNDERSTANDWELLABOUTCHINESECULTURE,THESOURCELANGUAGESLAUTHORSCREATIVEPURPOSEANDTHETHEMESOFTHESLWORKSUPTONOW,THEREAREANUMBEROFRESEARCHESONECTRAININGSIMULATIONMATERIALTRANSLATIONMOSTOFCHINESETRANSLATIONCOMPLIESWITHTHEREALOBJECTBECAUSETHEPRINCIPLEOFTRANSLITERATIONONLYWORKSONTRANSFERENCEOFWORDS,WHICHGIVESRISETOTHELOSSOFSEMANTICANDCULTURALMEANINGS,ITMAKESTHETLREADERSIMPOSSIBLETOOBTAINTHEEQUIVALENTMESSAGESASTHESLREADERSDOTHEREFORE,MOREFLEXIBLEANDCREATIVESTRATEGIES,LIKELITERALTRANSLATION,ADAPTATION,ANDPARAPHRASEARESUGGESTEDBYSEVERALRESEARCHERSCHENG,2005BAO,2004INTHEPRACTICEOFTRANSLATION12RESEARCHOBJECTSWEAREFACEDWITHALOTOFPROBLEMSINORDERTOGETAGOODTRANSLATION,ANDTHENANIDEALTRAININGRESULTFIRSTLY,HOWCANWEREACHTHEREALPURPOSESOFTHEORIGINALMATERIALSSECONDLY,HOWARETHECULTURALCONTENTSOFTHEORIGINALMATERIALSUNDERSTOODTHIRDLY,HOWDOTHETRANSLATIONSMATCHWITHVARIOUSKINDSOFTRAINEESWITHDIFFERENTENGLISHLEVELTHISPAPERWILLMAINLYFOCUSONHOWTOSOLVETHESEPROBLEMSINAWORD,AGOODECTRANSLATIONOFTRAININGMATERIALSCANHELPTHETARGETLANGUAGETLREADERSUNDERSTANDWELLTHECREATIVEPURPOSEOFTHESOURCELANGUAGESLAUTHORUPTONOW,THEREAREANUMBEROFRESEARCHESONECTRANSLATIONOFTRAININGSIMULATIONMATERIALSFOREXAMPLE,LITERALTRANSITIONANDFREETRANSLATIONARETWOUSEFULAPPROACHESINDEALINGWITHTRANSLATIONOFSIMULATIONMATERIALSHOWEVER,THEREARESTILLSOMEPROBLEMSASHOWTOUSETHOSESTRATEGIESTHEPRINCIPLEOFTRANSLITERATIONONLYWORKSONTRANSFERENCEOFWORDS,WHICHGIVESRISETOTHELOSSOFSEMANTICANDCULTURALMEANINGSTHISMAKESTHETLREADERSIMPOSSIBLETOOBTAINTHEEQUIVALENTMESSAGESASTHESLREADERSDOTHEREFORE,MOREFLEXIBLEANDCREATIVESTRATEGIES,LIKELITERALTRANSLATION,ADAPTATION,ANDPARAPHRASEARESUGGESTEDBYSEVERALRESEARCHERSINTHEPRACTICEOFTRANSLATION13PAPERORGANIZATIONTHERESEARCHISDIVIDEDINTOSIXPARTSINPARTONE,THEAUTHORWILLINTRODUCETHERESEARCHBACKGROUND,RESEARCHOBJECTSANDPAPERORGANIZATIONINPARTTWO,THEAUTHORWILLGOFURTHERINTOTHESTUDYOFMAINTHEORIESOFTRANSLATIONANDTRAININGRELATEDTOTHESTUDYINPARTTHREE,ECTRAININGBYEXAMINING20EXAMPLESINTRANSLATIONANDTHEIRTRANSLATIONSINSSWILLBEGIVENINPARTFOURTHEAUTHORAIMSTOSUMMARIZEECTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESANDTHEIREFFECTACCORDINGTOTHEDATAANALYSIS,ANDALSO,FINDINGTHEIMPORTANTFACTORSWHICHAFFECTTHETRANSLATORSDECISIONMAKINGOFTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESINPARTFIVETHEAUTHORWILLGIVESUGGESTIONSTOTHEPRACTICEOFCHARACTERTAINTINGMATERIALTRANSLATIONFINALLY,THEAUTHORWILLSUMMARIZETHEWHOLERESEARCHANDPRESENTTHEIMPLICATIONSFORFUTUREPRACTICEANDRESEARCH2RATIONALETHEPRACTICEOFTRAININGSIMULATIONMATERIALTRANSLATIONSEEMSTOBEEASYBUTQUITEDIFFICULTDUETOTHELINGUISTICANDCULTURALDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEDIFFERENTTRANSLATORSTENDTOUSEDIFFERENTSPECIFICSTRATEGIESACCORDINGTOTHEIROWNCONSIDERATIONSTHEAUTHORTRIESTOEXAMINETHEECTRANSLATIONOFTHETRAININGMATERIALS,ANDTHENANALYZETHETRAININGRESULTBYTHEORIGINALANDIMPROVEDTRANSLATIONSTHUS,THISPAPERWILLDEFINITELYHAVEAFARREACHINGANDIMPORTANTMEANINGFORTHEPRACTICEANDRESEARCHOFECTRANSLATIONOFTRAININGMATERIALSTHEBOOK（XUNJIANPING200012）HELDTHEVIEWSTHAT“DIFFERENTKINDSOFMATERIALSTOBETRANSLATEDREQUIREDIFFERENTSTRESSESINTHEIRRENDITIONSCIENTIFICMATERIALSSTRESSTHEIRPRECISENESSNOVELSANDSTORIES,THEIRPLOTSANDCHARACTERSPOETRY,THEEMOTIONDOCUMENTTRANSLATION,THEFORMANDWORDING,ANDSOON”XUNJIANPING200012FINICALTRAININGMATERIALISBELONGINGTOTHESCIENTIFICSCOPESOTHEPRECISENESSISVERYIMPORTANTINORDERTOREACHPRECISERESULTS,THETRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESAREVERYUSEFUL，WHICHAREAVAILABLEINOXFORDREBECCA20089THEFEATURESOFLANGUAGESLEARNINGSTRATEGIESARELISTEDBELOWTABLE1FEATURESOFLANGUAGESLEARNINGSTRATEGIES1CONTRIBUTETOTHEMAINGOAL,COMMUNICATIVECOMPETENCE2ALLOWLEARNERSTOBECOMEMORESELFDIRECTED3EXPANDTHEROLEOFTEACHERS4AREPROBLEMORIENTED5ARESPECIFICACTIONSTAKERSBYTHELEARNER6INVOLVEMANYASPECTSOFTHELEARNER,NOTJUSTTHECOGNITIVE7SUPPORTLEARNINGBOTHDIRECTLYANDINDIRECTLY8ARENOTALWAYSOBSERVABLE9AREOFTENCONSCIOUS10CANBETAUGHT11AREFLEXIBLE12AREINFLUENCEDBYAVARIETYOFFACTORSFIRSTLY,OBJECTISANIMPORTANTFACTORINTRANSITIONOFTRAININGMATERIALSTHEBOOK（REBECCA20089）INDICATESTHATCOMMUNICATIVECOMPETENCEISTHEMAINGOALATFIRSTTRAININGMATERIALISAIMEDTOBELEARNEDBYTHEREADERSOTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESOFTHETRAININGMATERIALSARETHESAMEASTHELEARNLANGUAGESLEARNINGSTRATEGIESSECONDLY,ANEXPERTHOLDSTHEVIEW“TRANSLATIONISTHEPRODUCTIONOFAFUNCTIONALTARGETTEXTMAINTAININGARELATIONSHIPWITHAGIVENSOURCETEXTTHATISSPECIFIEDAACCORDINGTOTHEINTENDEDORDEMANDEDFUNCTIONOFTHETARGETTEXT”（CHENXIWE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REASACOMPLEXWHICHINCLUDESKNOWLEDGE,RELIGION,ARTS,MORALS,LAW,CUSTOMANDABILITIESANDHABITSACQUIREDINTHESOCIETY”THEORIGINALCULTURE,1871ANOTHERLINGUISTZHIPEIZHOUONCEPUBLISHEDAPAPEROF“CULTURALWORDS,WORDSWITHCULTURALBACKGROUNDINTHETRANSLATIONBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESE”HEINDICATED“CULTUREASAWAYOFLIFEANDMANIFESTATIONSTHATAREPECULIARTOACOMMUNITYTHATUSESAPECULIARLANGUAGEASITSMEANSOFEXPRESSION”THEAMERICANSOCIOLINGUISTKOHLA（2000）HELDTHEVIEWTHAT“CULTUREAPPOINTSTHEWAYOFLIFEOFACERTAINCOMMUNITY,INCLUDINGWHATPEOPLETHINK,SAY,DOANDALLTHINGSTHEYHAVEDONE”ACCORDINGTOTHEKOHLA2000CULTURECANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREESIDESMATERIALCULTURE,SYSTEMCUSTOMCULTURE,ANDSPIRITUALCULTUREDIFFERENTCULTUREHASITSOWNORGANIZATIONSTRUCTUREANDACOUNTRYALSOHASADIFFERENT,BUTCERTAIN,REGULATIONDURINGITSCERTAINPERIODOFDEVELOPMENTTHISLEADSTOTHEDIFFERENTCULTURE,VALUES,ATTITUDESANDBEHAVIORSTHEREFORE,THISKINDOFSITUATIONISNEEDEDTOSUITFORTHEFEELINGWHENTRANSLATINGFOREXAMPLE,THEWORDS“REGULATION”“法定”AND“LAW”“法律”HAVETHEIROWNDEFINITEMEANINGSWECHINESESHOULDUSETHEFORMERMUCHMOREOFTENWHENTHEPERIODOFECONOMICDEVELOPMENTISTAKENINTOACCOUNTBUTINWESTERNCOUNTRIES,THELATERWORDARETOBEUSEDALOTBECAUSETHEYAREMUCHDEVELOPEDNOTONLYINECONOMYBUTALSOINLAWCONSTRUCTIONWESURELYFOLLOWTHISREALSYSTEMANDCUSTOMCULTUREOFCHINADURINGOURTRANSLATIONOF“BANKMANAGEMENTSYSTEM”WEALSOUSETHEWORD“CAIWUGUANLIBU”“財(cái)務(wù)管理部”INSTEADOF“YEWUBU”“業(yè)務(wù)部”BECAUSEOFTHESIMILARREASONEGEXAMPLES10AND19INTHECOMMONCHINESEBANKINGSYSTEM,“CAIWUGUANLI”“財(cái)務(wù)管理部”ISAPOWERDEPARTMENT,BUTA“YEWUBU”“業(yè)務(wù)部”）HASNOTMUCHPOWERITISJUSTTHEOPPOSITEINMOSTWESTERNBANKINGSYSTEMS42THESTRATEGIESOFTRANSLATINGSCMTERMINOLOGYSINCESCMISREGARDEDASANACADEMICDISCIPLINEOFMANAGEMENTSCIENCEATPRESENT,ITSTEXTSHOULDFIRSTBELONGTOSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYWHICHISMATERIALCULTUREATTHESAMETIME,THEISSUESYSTEMANDCUSTOMOFTERMINOLOGYMUSTBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONDURINGTHEANALYSISBESIDESTHECOMMONANALYTICALASPECTSOFTEXTUALSTUDYWHICHINDICATESTHESYSTEMANDCUSTOMCULTURETHETHIRDCONSIDERATIONISTHESPIRITWHICHISTHESPIRITUALAREAOFCULTURETHEDATAANALYSISINTHISPAPERWILLCOVERTHEFOLLOWINGASPECTSATHESTRATEGIESONTRANSLATINGTECHNICALTERMSOFSCM,BDIFFERENTSIMULATIONTRANSLATIONMETHODSBASEDONVARIOUSCULTURES,ANDCTHEANALYSISOFTRAININGRESULTBETWEENTHEFORMERTRANSLATIONANDTHERIGHTONE421SIMULATIONSTRATEGIESTHEMATERIALCULTUREEXAMPLE1,“MORTGAGECLAIMS”WASTRANSLATEDINTOCHINESE“DIYADAIKUAN”“抵押貸款”INVERSION1BUT“ANJIEDAIKUAN”“按揭貸款”INVERSION2ISMOREFAITHFULTRANSLATIONTHEORIGINALMATERIALSTHEFORMERMEANSLOANSSECUREDBYMORTGAGETHELATERMEANSPAYINGTHELOANSBYINSTRUMENTINTHISCASE,ITISBETTERIFTHETRANSLATORSCHOOSETHEREALCONTENTTHISISTHEMATERIALCULTUREWHENTRANSLATING,ANDSOARETHEFOLLOWINGEXAMPLESEXAMPLE2,THERIGHTTRANSLATION“DIQICUNKUANZHANGHU”“定期存款賬戶”REPLACESTHEFORMER“GUDINGLILU”“固定利率”ACCORDINGTOTHEMATERIALCULTUREEXAMPLE3,THERIGHTTRANSLATION“ZAI”“在”ISINSTEADOFTHEFORMER“GENJU”“根據(jù)”ACCORDINGTOTHESIMULATIONMATERIALPURPOSETHESIMULATIONMATERIALCULTUREINTHISPROCESSAIMSTHEPARTICIPANTTOFILLINTHEFINGERONTHEFIRSTDECISIONFORMEXAMPLE4,THERIGHTTRANSLATION“LILU”“利率”ISINSTEADOFTHEFORMER“LILU”“利息”ACCORDINGTOTHEMATERIALCULTURE“LILU”“利率”MEANSPRICEOFTHEFINICALPRODUCT，BUT“LILU”“利息”ISDIFFERENTFROMITWHICHMEANSTHEINCOMEOREXPENDOFTHEFINICALPRODUCTEXAMPLE5,THERIGHTTRANSLATIONCAIWU”“財(cái)務(wù)”ISPLACEOFTHEFORMER“ZIJIN”“資金”ACCORDINGTOTHEMATERIALCULTURE“CAIWU”“財(cái)務(wù)”ISASPECIALFINANCIALWORDSBUT“ZIJIN”“資金”ISAGENERALWORDSEXAMPLE7,THERIGHTTRANSLATIONIS“PEIXUNQINGKUANG”“培訓(xùn)情況”ISPLACEOFTHEFORMER“FUWUZHILIANG”“服務(wù)質(zhì)量”ACCORDINGTOTHEMATERIALCULTUREEXAMPLE9,ISTHERIGHTTRANSLATION“ZHIFUJIESUANHEXI