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Y,THECPUPROVIDESONEORMOREBUSESFORTRANSFERRINGINSTRUCTIONS,DATA,ANDCONTROLINFORMATIONTOANDFROMCOMPONENTSCONNECTEDTOITAMICROCONTROLLERISPRESENTINTHEKEYBOARDANDINTHEMONITORINTHEGENERICCOMPUTERTHUSTHESECOMPONENTSAREALSOSHADEDINSUCHMICROCONTROLLERS,THECPUMAYBEQUITEDIFFERENTFROMTHOSEDISCUSSEDINTHISCHAPTERTHEWORDLENGTHSMAYBESHORT,THENUMBEROFREGISTERSSMALL,ANDTHEINSTRUCTIONSETSLIMITEDPERFORMANCE,RELATIVELYSPEAKING,ISPOOR,BUTADEQUATEFORTHETASKMOSTIMPORTANT,THECOSTOFTHESEMICROCONTROLLERSISVERYLOW,MAKINGTHEIRUSECOSTEFFECTIVE單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚BECAUSETHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITTOTHECOSTISSENSITIVE,THEREFOREPRESENTOCCUPIESTHEDOMINANTSTATUSTHESOFTWAREISTHEMOSTPRELIMINARYASSEMBLYLANGUAGE7ITWASEXCEPTTHEBINARYMACHINECODEABOVETHEMOSTPRELIMINARYLANGUAGE,SINCEWHYWERESUCHPRELIMINARYMUSTUSE單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚WHYHIGHLEVELDIDTHELANGUAGEALREADYACHIEVETHEVISUALIZATIONPROGRAMMINGLEVELNOTTOUSETHEREASONISVERYSIMPLE,ISTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITDOCSNOTHAVEHOMECOMPUTERSUCHCPU,ANDALSOHASNOTLOOKEDLIKETHEHARDDISKSUCHMASSMEMORYEQUIPMENTINSIDEEVENIFAVISUALIZATIONHIGHERORDERLANGUAGECOMPILATIONSCRIPTONLYTHENABUTTON,ALSOWILLACHIEVESEVERALDOZENSKTHESIZESDOESNOTSPEAKANYTHINGREGARDINGTHEHOMEUSEPCHARDDISK,BUTSAYSREGARDINGTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITCANNOTACCEPTTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITINTHEHARDWARESOURCEASPECTSUSEFACTORMUSTVERYGAOCAIXING,THEREFOREASSEMBLY,ALTHOUGHPRIMITIVEACTUALLYMASSIVELYISUSING,SAMETRUTH,IFATTAINSSUPERCOMPUTERSONOPERATINGSYSTEMANDTHEAPPLICATIONSOFTWAREHOMEUSEPCTOCOMEUPTHEMOVEMENT,HOMEUSEPCCOULDALSONOTWITHSTAND單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚ITCANBESAIDTHATTHE20THCENTURYSURMOUNTEDTHREE“THEELECTRICITY“THETIME,NAMELYTHEELECTRICALTIME,THEELECTRONICAGEANDALREADYENTEREDCOMPUTERTIMEHOWEVER,THISKINDOFCOMPUTER,USUALLYREFERSTOTHEPERSONALCOMPUTER,ISCALLEDPCMACHINEITBYTHEMAINENGINE,THEKEYBOARD,THEMONITORANDSOONISCOMPOSEDALSOHASAKINDOFCOMPUTER,MOSTPEOPLEACTUALLYNOTHOWFAMILIARTHISKINDOFCOMPUTERISENTRUSTSWITHTHEINTELLIGENCEEACHKINDOFMECHANICALMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITALSOTOCALLMICROCONTROLLER,THISKINDOFCOMPUTERSSMALLESTSYSTEMONLYHASUSEDASTHENAMESUGGESTSAPIECEOFINTEGRATEDCIRCUIT,THENCARRIESONTHESIMPLEOPERATIONANDTHECONTROLBECAUSEITSVOLUMEISSMALL,USUALLYHIDESINISACCUSEDTHEMACHINERY“THEBELLY“ITINTHEENTIREINSTALLMENT,PLAYSISHAVINGLIKETHEHUMANBRAINSROLE,ITWENTWRONG,THEENTIREINSTALLMENTPARALYZEDNOW,THISKINDOFMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSUSEDOMAINALREADYVERYWIDESPREAD,LIKETHEINTELLIGENTMEASURINGAPPLIANCE,THESOLIDWORKPAIDBYTIMECONTROL,THECOMMUNICATIONEQUIPMENT,THEGUIDANCESYSTEM,THEDOMESTICELECTRICAPPLIANCESANDSOON,ONCEEACHPRODUCTUSEDTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUIT,COULDGETUPCAUSESTHEEFFECTWHICHTHEPRODUCTTURNEDTOANEWGENERATION,OFTENBEFOREPRODUCTRANGECROWNBYADJECTIVEINTELLIGENCE,LIKEINTELLIGENCEWASHERANDSOONNOWSOMEFACTORYSTECHNICALPERSONNELOROTHEREXTRACURRICULARELECTRONICEXPLOITERDOCERTAINPRODUCTS,ARENOTTHEELECTRICCIRCUITARETOOCOMPLEX,ISTHEFUNCTIONISTOOSIMPLE,ANDISIMITATEDEXTREMELYEASILYINVESTIGATESITSREASON,POSSIBLYONCARD,INTHEPRODUCTHASNOTUSEDONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITOROTHERPROGRAMMABLELOGICALCOMPONENT單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚單片機(jī)簡介單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚單片機(jī)又稱單片微控制器，它不是完成某一個邏輯功能的芯片，而是把一個計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)集成到一個芯片上。概括的講一塊芯片就成了一臺計算機(jī)。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機(jī)是了解計算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚單片機(jī)內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊，比如CPU，內(nèi)存，并行總線，還有和硬盤作用相同的存儲器件，不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過價錢也是低的，一般不超過10元即可，用它來做一些控制電器一類不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動滾筒洗農(nóng)機(jī)、排煙罩、VCD等等的家電里面都可以看到它的身影它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚它是一種存線式實(shí)時控制計算機(jī)，在線式就是現(xiàn)場控制，需要的是有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線式計算機(jī)的（比如家用PC）的主要區(qū)別。單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚單片機(jī)是靠程序的，并且可以修改。通過不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能，尤其是特殊的獨(dú)特的一些功能，這是別的器件需要費(fèi)很多人力氣才能做到的，有些則是花人力氣也很難做到的。一個不是很復(fù)雜的功能要是用美同50年代開發(fā)的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列這些純硬件來搞定的話，電路一定是一塊大PCB板但是如果要是用美國70年代成功投放市場的系列單片機(jī)，結(jié)果就會有天壤之別只因為單片機(jī)的通過你編寫的程序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高科能，高效率，以及高可靠性單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚CPU中央處理單元是數(shù)字計算機(jī)的重要組成部分，其目的是對從內(nèi)存中接收的指令進(jìn)行譯碼，同時對存儲于內(nèi)部寄存器、存儲器或輸入輸出接口單元的數(shù)據(jù)驚醒傳輸、算術(shù)運(yùn)算、邏輯運(yùn)算以及控制運(yùn)算。在外部，CPU位轉(zhuǎn)換指令數(shù)據(jù)和控制信息提供一個或多個總線并從組件連接到它。一個微控制器出現(xiàn)在普通電腦的鍵盤和檢測器中，但是這些組件也被屏蔽。在這種微控制器中，與我們所討論的CPU可能不同。字長也許更短，編制數(shù)量少，指令集有限。相對而言，性能差，但對完成任務(wù)來說足夠了。最重要的是它的微控制器的成本很低，符合成本效應(yīng)。單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚由于單片機(jī)對成本是敏感的，所以目前占統(tǒng)治地位的軟件還是最低級匯編語言，它是除了二進(jìn)制機(jī)器碼以上最低級的語言了，既然這么低級為什么還要用呢很多高級的語言已經(jīng)達(dá)到了可視化編程的水平為什么不用呢原因簡單，就是單片機(jī)沒有家用計算機(jī)那樣的CPU，也沒有像硬盤那樣的海量存儲設(shè)備。一個可視化高級語言編寫的小程序里面即使只有一個按鈕，也會達(dá)到幾十K的尺寸對于家用PC的硬盤來講沒什么，可是對于單片機(jī)來講是不能接受的。單片機(jī)在硬件資源方面的利用率必須很高才行，所以匯編雖然原始卻還是在大量使用。一樣的道理，如果把巨型計算機(jī)上的操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件拿到家用PC上來運(yùn)行，家用PC的也是承受不了的。單片機(jī)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)單片機(jī)簡介中英對照原文來源圖書館電子資源SINGLECHIPBRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSAIDTHATTHEMONOLITHICMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETESSOMELOGICALFUNCTIONTHECHIP,BUTINTEGRATESACOMPUTERSYSTEMTOACHIP責(zé)添涪尺蒂省惋吹圖戊禁呻醒云萌剩仆紋操瞥喧碳潞奉覓蛆謎巋給搬脆跺蟄涼蹭董套酌郝莢緝怎唁毗稠番囚抄宵筋樣烷了個訖筍忍盡位傭此陡牛棚可以說，二十世紀(jì)跨越了三個“電”的時代，即電氣時代、電子時代和現(xiàn)已進(jìn)入的電腦時代。不過，這種電腦，通常是指個人計算機(jī)，簡稱PC機(jī)。它白主機(jī)、鍵盤、顯示器等組成。還有一類計算機(jī)，人多數(shù)人卻不怎么熟悉。這種計算機(jī)就是把智能賦予各種機(jī)械的單片機(jī)（亦稱微控制器）。顧名思義，這種計算機(jī)的最小系統(tǒng)只用了一片集成電路，即可進(jìn)行簡單運(yùn)算和控制。因為它體積小，通常都藏在被控機(jī)械的“肚子”里。它在整個裝置中，起著有如人類頭腦的作用，它出了毛病，整個裝置就癱瘓了?，F(xiàn)在，這種單片機(jī)的使用領(lǐng)域已十分廣泛，如科能儀表、實(shí)時T控、通訊設(shè)備、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、家用電器等。各種產(chǎn)品。一旦用上了單片機(jī)，就能起到使產(chǎn)品升級換代的功效，常在產(chǎn)品名稱前冠以形容詞一