1、高中英語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)同位語(yǔ)從句講義及練習(xí)一、理解同位語(yǔ)從句的含義，把握同位語(yǔ)從句的實(shí)質(zhì)在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用 that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo),常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi) 容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和

2、所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一 步說(shuō)明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。析：they had won the game說(shuō)明The news的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此該句為同位語(yǔ) 從句。二、正確運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語(yǔ)從句1 .如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（即that不充當(dāng)任 何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers sh

3、ould cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過(guò)河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once 是 the order 的全部?jī)?nèi)容， 且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。2 .如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加”是否”的含義，應(yīng)用whe】 ther引導(dǎo)同 位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）彳列： Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問(wèn)題。析：the sports

4、meeting w川be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加是否的含 義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。3 .如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候“、“什么地點(diǎn)、“什么方式” 等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例 1： I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加什么時(shí)候的含義才能表達(dá)idea 的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例 2： I have no impression how he went home, per

5、haps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加如何的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全 部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。4 .當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、把握同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語(yǔ)從句和相似從句的界限同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語(yǔ)從句不 同于定語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名 詞和同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語(yǔ)從句

6、說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特 征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作 成分。區(qū)分時(shí)可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子， 如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語(yǔ)從句，反之，則為定語(yǔ)從句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因?yàn)?the report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語(yǔ)從句。例1:1) Information has been put forward more m

7、iddle school graduates will beadmitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as析：答案為Bo more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容,且Information不在從句中作成分,所以該句 為同位語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：2) It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities, t

8、his is the information has been put forward.A. what B. that C. when D. as析：答案為 Bo that has been put forward 為 information 的修飾性定語(yǔ)， 且information在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以該句為定語(yǔ)從句。例 2： She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)B. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案為B。分析語(yǔ)境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限 制性定語(yǔ)從句

9、，先行詞為a terrible noise,且它在從句中作主語(yǔ)。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別 于：I cant stand the terrible noise she is crying loudly.C. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案為 Do she is crying loudly 是 the terrible noise 的內(nèi)容，且 the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。鞏固性練習(xí)：1. The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D

10、. which2. The fact he was successful proves his ability.A. hat B. what C. which D. why3. The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C./ D. it5.1 have no idea he will start.A. when B. that C. w

11、hat D./6. Ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont beheld tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. whathe wo

12、uld9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.D. whenA. whether B. where C. that同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句很相似，但還是有區(qū)別的，區(qū)別主要在以下三方面：1 .從詞類(lèi)上區(qū)別同位語(yǔ) 從句 前 面 的 名 詞 只 能是 idea,fa

13、ct,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility ,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞代詞主句的 一部分或是整個(gè)主句如：The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.（同位語(yǔ)從句）We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.（同位語(yǔ)從

14、句）Word came that he had been abroad.（同位語(yǔ)從句）Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊(duì)贏了，這讓我們很高興（定語(yǔ)從句）The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面（定語(yǔ)從句）His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力 幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)（定語(yǔ)從句，代詞all作先行詞）2 .從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制

15、，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位 語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋?zhuān)瑢儆诿~性從句的范疇。 如：The news that our team has won the game was true.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的 消息是真的（同位語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息）The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真 的（定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)）I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我

16、許 諾如果誰(shuí)讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有（同位語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè) 什么諾言）The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽做出了一個(gè)令 她的孩子們高興的許諾（定語(yǔ)從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ)）3 .從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從 句如：That question whether we need it has not been considered.我彳門(mén)是否需要它 這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮（同位語(yǔ)從句）I

17、 have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事（同位語(yǔ) 從句）引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（指物時(shí)還可以用 which代替），并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任 何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which來(lái)代替如：The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了（同位 語(yǔ)從句，是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that

18、雖不作成分,但不能省略）The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的兒 個(gè)小組（定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ)，可以省高二英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納：短文改錯(cuò)的題是一篇意思連貫；但有九行文字中各有一個(gè)語(yǔ)法或用詞錯(cuò)誤的英語(yǔ)短文。 它所涉及的知識(shí)面很廣，能力要求較高。而且題中所設(shè)的錯(cuò)誤常常是考生自己在寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常 出的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，是專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)考生的弱點(diǎn)而設(shè)

19、的。但它又從另一個(gè)角度考查了語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用。 因此，做題時(shí)，應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面著手解題：動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤；名詞使用錯(cuò)誤；形容詞，副詞 使用錯(cuò)誤：連詞使用錯(cuò)誤：代詞使用錯(cuò)誤：冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤：介詞使用錯(cuò)誤，上下文邏輯錯(cuò)誤 等。在研究每一行的句子時(shí)，首先把握句子的意思，然后劃分句子的成分：主語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)部分; 賓語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)：地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，方式等。如果句子是并列句或復(fù)合句，先分開(kāi)各部分小的分句， 根據(jù)各個(gè)分句之間的關(guān)系判斷使用的連詞是否正確。然后再研究各個(gè)分句的成分。（一）名詞使用錯(cuò)誤：名詞一般在句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，名詞的錯(cuò)誤主要在于名詞單，復(fù)數(shù)的 錯(cuò)誤使用。1. They were eager to know eve

20、rything about China and asked me lots of question.：2. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.： 3. We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.： 4. Happy birthday, Peter, and many return of the day.：，5. He said that she and my sc

21、hoolmate all wishes me success.： 6. On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt.：（二）動(dòng)詞使用的錯(cuò)誤：-作為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，與主語(yǔ)是否一致以及用詞方面的問(wèn)題。1. My favourite sport is football. I was a member of

22、our school team.：2. . Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.：4. .the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down.：5

23、. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.： 6. The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.二 作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，動(dòng)名詞，不定式形式的使用錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)注意 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。1. Not far from the hotel, there was a shop wi

24、th all kinds of clothes hang up.： 2. He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：三 形容詞，副詞使用錯(cuò)誤：注意： 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)，原級(jí)，最高級(jí)使用方而的問(wèn)題。 修飾比較級(jí)的 副詞的錯(cuò)誤使用。 以ing和以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞的混用。 形容詞和副詞的混用。1. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting：2. Im sure well have a wond

25、erfully time together.：3. .his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：4. 4. People will work few hours than they do now.：5. Computers will be more smaller and useful.：6. Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved.四 連詞使用錯(cuò)誤：并列句連詞and與but的誤用是歷年高考題中?？嫉膬?nèi)容復(fù)

26、合句如 賓語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句中主，從句的連接詞的誤用根據(jù)主從句的關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。1. My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.：2. My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. *3. It deosnt matter that I would win or not.4. An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar b

27、ear.：5. The fine-furniture store I work has been in business since the 1920s.：解題思路：首先要理解整個(gè)短文的含義，邏輯關(guān)系，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。再仔細(xì)研究每一句的意義。借助劃 分句子成分的方法判斷每一部分是否有錯(cuò)誤。讀句子時(shí)一定以整句為單位。【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：45分鐘）AYou can find all kinds information in just a few minute on the Internet. If s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find4. 5. 6. your books. Recently even though, many people have been