1、 在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）。謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別高考題點擊：高考題點擊： Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. se

2、ized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing D一、形式一、形式 主動主動被動被動 一般式一般式 進行式進行式 完成式完成式一般式一般式完成式完成式不定式不定式動名詞、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞 二、功能二、功能主主賓賓表表定定狀狀補補不定式不定式動名詞動名詞分詞分詞to doto be doing to have done to be doneto have been donedoinghaving done being donehaving been donedone三三 判斷過程判斷過程

3、 ： 根據(jù)非謂語動詞的位置判斷其充當?shù)某煞指鶕?jù)非謂語動詞的位置判斷其充當?shù)某煞?根據(jù)成分進行功能比較根據(jù)成分進行功能比較 根據(jù)邏輯主語判斷非謂語動詞的主被動關(guān)系根據(jù)邏輯主語判斷非謂語動詞的主被動關(guān)系1.1.根據(jù)與所在句子的謂語動詞的比較發(fā)生的先根據(jù)與所在句子的謂語動詞的比較發(fā)生的先后決定非謂語動詞的時態(tài)后決定非謂語動詞的時態(tài)四四 成分判定：成分判定：Here you can see an old church built in 1819 .2. His excuse sounds to be quite convincing.3. It took (us) five hours to get

4、here. 4. She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.5. Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.6. Can you tell me how to get to the station?7. What I would suggest is to start work at once.8. -What has made Tina excited recently ? -_ (admit) into a key university.定

5、語定語表語表語主語主語賓補賓補狀語狀語賓語賓語表語表語主語主語Being admittedHere you can see an old church built in 1819 .2. His excuse sounds to be quite convincing.3. It took (us) five hours to get here. 4. She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.5. Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.6

6、. Can you tell me how to get to the station?7. What I would suggest is to start work at once.五、功能比較五、功能比較（一）不定式、動名詞做主語的區(qū)別：（一）不定式、動名詞做主語的區(qū)別：1 1、動名詞充當?shù)闹髡Z一般表示抽象的、一般的、經(jīng)常性的行為。、動名詞充當?shù)闹髡Z一般表示抽象的、一般的、經(jīng)常性的行為。 不定式表將來的特定、具體的一次性的行為。不定式表將來的特定、具體的一次性的行為。2 2、在某些并行結(jié)構(gòu)中，動名詞和不定式是特定的對稱結(jié)構(gòu)，一、在某些并行結(jié)構(gòu)中，動名詞和不定式是特定的對稱結(jié)構(gòu)，一 般不能

7、隨意替換：般不能隨意替換： 1 1）在句子主語和表語同時使用非限定動詞時，兩者必須一致，）在句子主語和表語同時使用非限定動詞時，兩者必須一致， 不能交叉使用。不能交叉使用。eg. Seeing is believing.To learn is to use. 2) 2)在某些在某些ItIt做形式主語的固定句式中做形式主語的固定句式中eg. It is no good / use drinking so much.It is not easy （for Tom）to find a job.注意：注意：There is no need to do sth .There is no need to

8、do sth .高考題點擊：高考題點擊： Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 在在 and 連接的并列句中，兩個主語要保持一致的形式。動名詞連接的并列句中，兩個主語要保持一致的形式。動名詞 fishing 和和 collecting

9、 coins 分別作兩個簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為分別作兩個簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為“釣魚釣魚是他的愛好，集硬幣也給他帶來極大的樂趣。是他的愛好，集硬幣也給他帶來極大的樂趣?！盌（二）不定式、動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別：（二）不定式、動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別：1 1、動名詞表示一般的、經(jīng)常性的行為，不定式表示特定的、具、動名詞表示一般的、經(jīng)常性的行為，不定式表示特定的、具體的行為。體的行為。eg. I like swimming ,but I dont like to swim today.2 2、一般介詞后面不可用不定式作賓語，（、一般介詞后面不可用不定式作賓語，（except, butexcept

10、, but除外）除外）eg. He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.I hate the kind of person who does nothing but look on.3、及物動詞后一般可用動名詞或不定式作賓語，但、及物動詞后一般可用動名詞或不定式作賓語，但1)advise,consider,enjoy,escape,excuse,delay,deny,dislike,finish, keep,include,miss,mind,practise,stand,suggest,risk, imagine,admit,cant help +

11、 doing2)agree,dare,decide,hope,determine,elect,choose,expect,fail,long, manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish + to do4 4、有些及物動詞可接動名詞和不定式，但意義不同。、有些及物動詞可接動名詞和不定式，但意義不同。rememberforgetregretstopgo ontry meanneedwantrequire1. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride

12、rideB. riding ride C. ride to rideD. to ride riding注意注意 prefer 的幾個常用句型：的幾個常用句型：prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.prefer + n. to + n.c2. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set upB. setting upC. have set up D. having

13、 set up3 . - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving makingB. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve madeBB要特別注意要特別注意 to 的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。admit to，be accustomed

14、to ， be used to ，stick to ，turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等等 （三）非謂語動詞作表語的區(qū)別：（三）非謂語動詞作表語的區(qū)別：1. 1. 不定式作表語表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示不定式作表語表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、目的、愿望、夢想、需求愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時其表語應該用不定式等名詞作主語時其表語應該用不定式2. 2. 動名詞作表語一般用來表示動名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)身份、職業(yè)”等。等。3.

15、3. 分詞作表語起到分詞作表語起到形容詞形容詞的作用的作用eg. Our plan is to finish the work at once.Her job was looking after the pigs.His report is interesting.cups are broken. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not makeB. not to makeC. not making D. do not makeB動詞不定式短語動詞不定式短語 to m

16、ake life easier 及及 not to make it more difficult 都作都作 purpose 的表語。非謂語動詞作表語時要特的表語。非謂語動詞作表語時要特別注意兩個問題，一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，二是時間問題。別注意兩個問題，一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，二是時間問題。 不定式作定語表示將來，不定式作定語表示將來， 要后置；要后置； 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表動作正在發(fā)生，動名詞作定語表其性現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表動作正在發(fā)生，動名詞作定語表其性能，用途；能，用途；1. 過去分詞作定語表動作發(fā)生過；過去分詞作定語表動作發(fā)生過；eg.a meeting to be held tomorrow a mee

17、ting being held nowa meeting held yesterdaya sleeping cara sleeping boya room to live ina broken cup（四）非謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別：（四）非謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別：非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別：非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別： 不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)： 在在 time, chance, right 等名詞后；等名詞后； 在序數(shù)詞后；在序數(shù)詞后； 在在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等詞后。等詞后。B)表示被動

18、意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法：表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法： done 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 to be done 表示尚未開始的動作表示尚未開始的動作 being done 表示正在進行之中的動作表示正在進行之中的動作高考題點擊：高考題點擊：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 該題的謂語動詞是該題的謂語動詞是 attract，

19、“聞起來很香聞起來很香”用來作定語修用來作定語修飾飾主語主語 flowers。B2. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangsD. being hung3. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosingBBhang 作及物動詞用時表示人為的作及物動詞用時表示人為的“掛掛”；作不及物動

20、詞；作不及物動詞用時用時表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的 hang 為不及物動為不及物動詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。動詞不定式動詞不定式 to choose from 和和 to choose 都可以作定語，問題都可以作定語，問題是是 to choose 作定語時該名詞是作定語時該名詞是 choose 的對象；的對象；to choose from 作定語時，該名詞是作定語時，該名詞是 choose 的范圍。該題指的是范圍的范圍。該題指的是范圍. 動詞不定式作補語表示經(jīng)常習慣性的動作，或動作全過程動詞不定式作補語表示經(jīng)常習慣性的動作，或動作

21、全過程 現(xiàn)在分詞作補語表示動作正在發(fā)生現(xiàn)在分詞作補語表示動作正在發(fā)生1. 過去分詞作補語表示被動過去分詞作補語表示被動,發(fā)生過發(fā)生過eg. see Tom dance in the room everyday see Tom dancing in the room now see Tom beaten by his father （五）分詞、不定式作補語的區(qū)別（五）分詞、不定式作補語的區(qū)別：Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning使役動詞使役動詞 m

22、ake sb. do sth. 但改為被動語態(tài)后，則應為：但改為被動語態(tài)后，則應為：be made to do。注意使役動詞和感官動詞后的補足語中不帶。注意使役動詞和感官動詞后的補足語中不帶to的動詞不定式在被動語態(tài)中要加的動詞不定式在被動語態(tài)中要加to。B高考題點擊：高考題點擊： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not toA為了避免重復，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動作。如：

23、Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to.有些動詞后面需要用帶to的不定式作賓補，常見的還有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等特別注意：特別注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等沒有賓補。等沒有賓補。（六）不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：（六）不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：1. 不定式作狀語通常表示目的、結(jié)

24、果（不定式作狀語通常表示目的、結(jié)果（only to）、及形容詞）、及形容詞后作原因狀語。后作原因狀語。2. 分詞作狀語表示時間、條件、原因、或伴隨方式。分詞作狀語表示時間、條件、原因、或伴隨方式。eg. To get there on time， I got up very early.Guided by the Party, he found the right way.Being very small, computers are widely used.You are brave enough to raise objections at meeting.1. _ in thought,

25、 he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose 2 . _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given3. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hopedB. hopingC. to

26、hopeD. hopelose oneself in sth. 表示表示“陷入陷入”，主語，主語 he 為為 lose 的賓語。的賓語。 given 作狀語意為作狀語意為“考慮到考慮到”，意思相當于，意思相當于 considering。注意注意 hoping 為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的面的 to get 。CAB六六 根據(jù)非謂語動詞的邏輯主語判斷主被動關(guān)系根據(jù)非謂語動詞的邏輯主語判斷主被動關(guān)系 _ (cheat) by others made him angry. _(see) from the tower , we can find a

27、beautiful garden . _(see) from the tower, the garden looks very beautiful . According to the survey _ (conduct) recently , our society is faced with the crisis of honesty . It is not easy for us to _(finish) the task in a month . The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry)

28、out the next year.Being cheated otherswethe garden surveyusplanSeeing Seen conducted carried finish非謂語動詞和邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，非謂語動詞用主動形非謂語動詞和邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，非謂語動詞用主動形式，是動賓關(guān)系，用被動形式式，是動賓關(guān)系，用被動形式七 非謂語動詞時態(tài)的判定： 非謂語動詞與謂語動詞同時或之后發(fā)生，用一般式非謂語動詞與謂語動詞同時或之后發(fā)生，用一般式 非謂語動詞發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前用完成式非謂語動詞發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前用完成式 動詞不定式正在發(fā)生用進行式動詞不定式正在發(fā)生用進行

29、式 高考題點擊：高考題點擊： 1.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having goneC. goingD. to have gone2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studyingDA wo

30、uld love to have done 表示本想去做，但沒做成。表示本想去做，但沒做成。 本題的關(guān)鍵是本題的關(guān)鍵是“what country he studied in”，由此可知，由此可知事情發(fā)生在過去。事情發(fā)生在過去。3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old cou

31、ple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen本題中母親被告知真相顯然發(fā)生在以前，所以你現(xiàn)在沒有本題中母親被告知真相顯然發(fā)生在以前，所以你現(xiàn)在沒有必要再隱瞞了。必要再隱瞞了。 remain 后接后接 to do，此處，此處 it 指代的是后面的主語從句。指代的是后面的主語從句。他們是否喜歡有待于觀察，此處應為被動。他們是否喜歡有待于觀察，此處應為被動。DB獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)名詞名詞/代詞代詞+分詞分詞/不定式不定式 /形容詞副詞形容詞副詞/介詞短語介詞短語特征

32、：1. 獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子主語不同，獨立存在。獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子主語不同，獨立存在。2. 名詞名詞/代詞和后面的分詞代詞和后面的分詞/不定式不定式 /形容詞副詞形容詞副詞/介詞短語之間介詞短語之間是主謂關(guān)系。是主謂關(guān)系。3. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間有逗號隔開。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間有逗號隔開。The test finished , we began our holiday= When the test was finished , we began our holiday .Whether permitting , we are going to visit you tomorrow.= If the whethe