1、百度文庫(kù)-讓每個(gè)人平等地提升自我北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2018-2019學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三年級(jí)期中統(tǒng)一考試 英語(yǔ)試卷(考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)100分鐘 滿分120分)本試卷共10頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，45分)第一節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題分，共15分) 閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě) 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AThe Darjeeling Himalayan Railway may be the slowest train in the world. Every day the trai

2、n _1_ (climb) over 2250 meters. Although the entire trip is 80 kilometers, it takes up to ten hours. The railway _2_ (build) in 1881 and has been carefully protected for its cultural importance. Today the train is attractive to the passengers who come from other places _3_ (see) the railway and the

3、surrounding mountains.They seem to get a lot of pleasure _4_ its slow speed. For _5_ (fan) of this train, being slow is actually a good thing. As these people say,"slow " has four letters,so has life;"speed" has five letters, so has death.BI think my memory is good. I use a simpl

4、e trick to remember people ' s names _6_ (clear). When I meet someone and hear the person ' s name, I imagine that I can see the name _7_ (write) on the person ' s face. So the next time I see that person I also see the name on his or her face, and that is _8_ I never forget a name. When

5、I have to memorize things for school, I walk up and down in the room, _9_ (read) the notes aloud. The methods are very effective and I _10_ (use) them for many years. Compared with me, my brother has a very bad memory. He never remembers his promises.I always have to remind him. 第二節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題；每小題分，

6、共30分)/閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B C D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Bradley s BicycleWhen our son Bradley was ten, the new bicycle he had received earlier that year was missing. Having a bike was a big deal to our children. They spent hours and hours on their bikes, _11_ up and down the footpath, and at the fr

7、ont of the house. We also rode as a _12_ at holidays, when all the members enjoyed staying together.Bicycling was a great way to get the kids out of the house and into the fresh air _13_ spending any money.Bradley discovered that his bicycle had been _14_ from our backyard when heand his sister went

8、 outside for a morning ride. He couldn ' t _15_ that someone would do this. _16_, none of the other bicycles were touched and nothing else was missing.Bradley painted a sign （告示）on a large piece of cardboard, _17_ for the bicycle to be returned, and _18_ it to the letterbox. The following mornin

9、g, when I went out to collect the mail, I found a white _19_ with the magical words, “Buy yourself a new bike. " It took me a little while to _20_ what it was inside it. It was a$100 banknote.Wewere very _21_ that someone had the heart to do this. We ve never been able to thank the person but w

10、e _22_ that it may have been one of our wonderful neighbors. Bradley painted a big “Thank you" on the sign and we _23_ it outside for a couple of weeks afterwards in case it was someone who drove down our street.Bradley was able to _24_ a new bicycle. As the years went on, bicycles became bigge

11、r and more expensive but remained just as _25_ for those family bicycle rides. Nowthe kids have grown up and cars have _26_ their bicycles.Bradley is twenty-fivethis year. Sometimes I _27_ the days when receiving a bicycle was the best thing in the world to them. /All these years later we are still

12、grateful to that incredibly kind _28_. Ayoung boy' s sorrow turned to joy when he got his _29_. We were a young family with three little children and it meant a lot to us. We still talk about it and, even now, _30_ who actually gave us the help.11. A. walkingB. flyingC. jumpingD. riding12. A. fa

13、milyB. clubC. staffD. department13. A. againstB. beforeC. withoutD. except14. A. chargedB. stolen八 C. returnedD. saved15. A. rememberB. promiseC. explainD. believe16. A. StrangelyB. HopefullyC. TypicallyD. Normally17. A. applyingB. beggingC. headingD. searching18. A. handedB. droppedC. tiedD. covere

14、d19. A. envelope/B. flagC. noticeD. board20. A. adjustB. commitC. declareD. realize21. A. ashamedB. scaredC. touchedD. confused22. A. ignoreB. suspectC. admitD. understand23. A. threwB. lostC. sentD. left24. A. ownB. earnC. copyD.seek25. A. flexibleB. importantC. secureD. comfortable26. A. affectedB

15、. combinedC. replacedD. defeated27. A. missB. followC. countD. recommend28. A. guideB. hostC. strangerD. neighbor29. A. prizeB. wishC. chanceD. view30. A. checkB. predictC. doubtD. wonder第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。APlanning to get away? Think

16、passport first If you' re planning to get away from it all this year, you should think passport first. Checking you have a valid/passport before you book your trip takes minutes but could save you the trouble and cost of not being able to go.Renewing （ 更新）your passport before it runs outYou can

17、renew your passport up to 9 months before it can no longer be legally used.So take the time now and save the tears later.Applying for a passport for the first time /Our eligibility （ 資格）checks mean that it takes a minimum of one week to issue （頒發(fā)）a passport. So make sure you don ' t leave it to

18、the last minute, and apply in plenty of time. /Help with your application is just around the cornerSelected Post Office branches and Worldchoice travel agents offer a Check and Send service that helps you with your application. It ' s convenient and you should receive your passport within 2 week

19、s.If you need to apply for or renew a passport, you can either:Pick up a Passport Application Form at Selected Post Office branches and Worldchoice travel agents.Or call the Application Form Request line on 0901 4700 100 or visityour need isurgent, call 0870 521 0410 for an appointment at one of our

20、 offices. Wecan ' t guarantee to see customers without an appointment.From 14th January a guaranteed same day （passport renewals only） or one week service will be available from passport public counters.*Calls will be charged 60p per minute and the cost per call should not normally be more than

21、90p.*Calls are charged at national rates./31. When applying for a passport for the first time, you need to know that.A. passports can be legally used foreverB. passports are issued at the last minuteC. application checks take at least one weekD. applications are selected by post office branches32. A

22、ccording to the passage, you can meet your urgent need by.A. going to the offices directlyB. making a call for an appointmentC. visiting for a guarantee八D. getting in touch with Worldchoice travel agents33. What is the passage mainly about?A. Certain types of passports.B. Different functions of pass

23、ports.C. Advantages of holding passports.D. Instructions on applying for passports.BA Teenage InventorThe world could be one step closer to quick and inexpensive Ebola detection thanks to a teenager from Connecticut.Olivia Hallisey, a junior at Greenwich High School, was awarded $50,000 in the Googl

24、e Science Fair for her new method that detects Ebola, a virus that causes bleeding from different parts of the bodyand usually causes death. Olivia ' s method is to ask patients to put their saliva（唾液）onto a testing card. The card changes color if the person is catching Ebloa.Present Ebloa tests

25、 take up to 12 hours and cost $1,000. Olivia' s method, however,can be done just in 30 minutes for about $25. Besides, the sample （樣本）doesn ' t have to be put in a refrigerator thanks to the silk material Olivia uses to produce the testing cards.Olivia was inspiredto deal with this global pr

26、oblem after watching the news thatmore than 10,000 peopledied from Ebola in West Africa. She was particularly worriedabout the fact that, while the acts of involvement can improve survival rates, present detection methods are costly, time-consuming and require complex tools. Olivia got help from her

27、 science research teacher. She drew out directions from past research, and figured out detection systems that have proven to work with other diseases,Olivia told CNBC. "We have toincluding Lyme disease and yellow fever.“What affects one country affects everyone, work together to find answers to

28、 the huge challenges which cause harm to the global health. " The Connecticut ' s teen, who hopes to become a doctor one day, was named the Google Science Fair winner in the competition of 20 competitors from across theglobe. The fair is open to young people between the ages of 13 and 18 in

29、 most countries.Olivia hopes her success will inspire other girls interested in science and computers. "I would just encourage girls to try it in the beginning, and remind them that they don' t have to feel naturally drawn or feel like they have a special talent for maths or science ,“ she

30、told CNBC, “but just really look at somet hing they are interested in and then think how to improve something or make it more enjoyable or relate it to their interests.”34. According to the passage, present Ebola detection methods.A. must use a large amount of samplesB. may detect other deadly virus

31、es as wellC. have proven to be ineffective in practiceD. require samples to be kept in refrigerators35. What can we learn about Olivia ' s method?A. Time-consuming. B. Cheap.C. Complex.D. Out-of-date.36. What does the underlined word“drawn" in Paragraph 5 probably mean ?A. Attracted.B. Cont

32、rolled. C. Admitted.D. Exposed.37. The Google Science Fair is intended for.A. studentsB. doctorsC. inventorsD. scientistsCPalaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a large building, but usually these buildings / are not de

33、signed with the comfort of a king in mind. Whenit comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066. They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the

34、 Normans with a quiet and safe place. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way castles served both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served asoffices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respe

35、ct. They would address problems, handle business, feast,and enjoy festivities in castles.So castles served as social centers as well.The first castles were made from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which great

36、ly increased the strength of these towers and walls. However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off of the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.During t

37、he Middle Ages, attacks increased in regularity, so castle defenses were updated. Arrow-slits were added. They were small holes in the castle, which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the

38、 castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these increased the def

39、ense of castles.The end of castles can be attributed to gunpowder. During the 15th century, artillery, a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Thoughcastles no longer servetheir original purposes, remaining cast

40、les receive millions of visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient times./38. What was the original function of castles according to the passage?A. They served as tourist attractions./B. They were important social centers./C. They marked religious ceremonies.D. They were bui

41、lt for use in emergencies./39. The reason why wooden castles were replaced by stone castles was that.A. stone castles cost less moneyB. stone castles offered better defenseC. wooden castles were uncomfortableD. wooden castles took a long time to build40. Which of the following showed an improvement

42、in castle defenses?A. Castles were totally separated by stones.B. Arrow-slits were made in large quantities.C. Rings of walls were built to defend the towers.D. Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor.X41. What is the best title of the passage?A. Fancy Living: Learning about CastlesB. N

43、ormans: Bringing Castles to EnglandC. A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of CastlesD. Defending Castles: Technologies Used to Defend CastlesDMaths and MusicAn excellent way to kill a conversation is to say you are a mathematician. Tell others you are also a musician, however, and they will be h

44、ooked. Although there are obvious similarities between mathematical and musical activity, there is no direct evidence for the kind of magical connection many people seem to believe in.I ' m partly referring here to the “ Mozart effect ” , where children who have been played Mozart compositions a

45、re supposedly more intelligent, including at maths, than other children. It is not hard to see why such a theory would be popular: we would all like to become better at maths without putting in any effort. But the conclusions of the experiment that expressed the belief in the Mozart effect were much

46、 more modest. If you want your brain to work better, you clearly have to put in hard work. As for learning to play the piano, it also takes effort.|/Surely a connection is quite reasonable. Both maths and music deal with abstract structures, so if you become good at one, then it is likely that you b

47、ecome good at something more general that helps you with the other. If this is correct, it would * z 、 /show a connection between mathematical and musical ability. It would be more like the connection between abilities at football and tennis. To become better at one,you need to improve your fitness

48、and coordination （協(xié)調(diào)）.That makes you better atsport and probably helps with the other.KAbstract structures don' t exist only in maths and music. If you learn a language then you need to understand its abstract structures likegrammar. Yet we don ' t hearpeople asking about a connection betwee

49、n mathematical and linguistic （語(yǔ)言的）ability. Maybe this is because grammar feels mathematical, so it wouldn' t be surprising that mathematicians were better at learning grammar. Music, however, is strongly tied up with feelings and can be enjoyed even by people who know little about it. As such,i

50、t seems different from maths, so there wouldn ' t be any connection between the two.Let' s see how we solve problems of the“A is to B as C is toD' kind. Theseappear in intelligence tests but they are also central to both music and maths.Consider the opening of Mozart' s Eine Kleine N

51、achtmusik （小夜曲）.The second phrase is a clear answer to the first. The listener thinks:" The first phrase goes upwardand uses the notes of a G major chord （ 和弦）;what would be the corresponding phrase that goes downward and uses the notes of a D7?” Music is full of puzzles like this.If you are go

52、od at them, expectations will constantly be set up in your mind. The best moments surprise you by being unexpected, but we need the expectations in the first place.42. What does the author say about “Mozart effect " ?A. The goal of it was not carefully thought about.B. The interest people showe

53、d in it was unexpected.C. The way it was carried out proved to be ineffective.D. The findings from it gave people wrong information.|/43. The author mentioned football and tennis in Paragraph 3 to show that.A. music and maths have something in common/B. football and tennis are played in a similar wa

54、y| /C. certain skills may be developed through practiceD. abstract structures bring benefits to various fields / 、 / 44. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that.A. language is less attractive to learnersB. mathematicians are good at music learningC. language seems more like maths than music doesD. the st

55、ructure of language is easier to learn than that of music45. What is the writer ' s main purpose in the last paragraph?A. To prove how music finally differs from maths.飛B. To describe the mathematical processes musicians may have.C. To show how abstract thinking applies to both music and maths.D

56、. To explain why Mozart is so highly considered by mathematicians.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為 多余選項(xiàng)。Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth IAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training.They also go through training in how to care for plant

57、s. These a astronaut gardeners ” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn ' t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space.46 Because of this, it' snot practical to send everything needed for a long jour

58、ney, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things.47 Also, plants can help to makeair quality better because they produce oxygen.They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraftthe only air theastronauts can breathe. |, /48 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This ca