1、.English英語專八專四學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)資料英語專四語法重點匯總版權(quán)所有，違者必究，未經(jīng)協(xié)議授權(quán),禁止下載使用。注：如惡意泄漏該資料，或通過該資料作為任何盈利的手段，作者有權(quán)追究其法律責(zé)任。本資料為過來人的考試經(jīng)驗所整理，也需結(jié)合其他復(fù)習(xí)書籍一起備考哦這份資料集結(jié)歷年專四的考試重點，按考試經(jīng)驗已經(jīng)過篩選一、 非謂語動詞的主要考點1. 有些典型動詞后面可以接上不定式或動名詞來做賓語的，但是在意思上是有區(qū)別的，主要?？嫉降膭釉~羅列如下：mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事） propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建議（做某事）fo

2、rget to do忘記（要做的事）VS forget doing忘記（已做的事） remember to do記得（要做某事）VS remember doing記得（做過）go on to do繼而（做另一件事）VS go on doing繼續(xù)（做原來的事）stop to do停下來去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（對將要做的事）遺憾VS regret doing（對已做過的事）后悔2. 不定式的習(xí)慣用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do”“不禁做某事”如：“cannot

3、choose but do”“不由自主地做某事”如：“can do nothing but do”“不能不做某事”如：“have no choice but to do”“只能做某事”如：“have no alternative but to do”“只能做某事”例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the

4、beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 動名詞的習(xí)慣用法 典型動名詞的習(xí)慣句型整理羅列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：Its no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句：There is no

5、 use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）牛奶灑了，哭也沒用；后悔是沒有用的；覆水難受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、 形容詞與副詞及其比較級1. 形容詞的句法功能形容詞通常在句子中用做定語、表語與主語的語法成分，通?？嫉降闹R點總結(jié)如下：(1) 以“a” 開頭的形容詞如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定語，通常是做表語或后置定語的例句：Jerry di

6、dnt pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副詞詞綴 “-ly” 結(jié)尾的詞其實是形容詞，不能看錯是副詞，例如“friendly”、“l(fā)eisurely”、“l(fā)ovely”等(3) 下列動詞既是實義動詞又是系動詞，注意用做系動詞時，要求形容詞做表語這些典型單詞羅列如下：“remain”、“

7、keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“l(fā)ook”等例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在這個節(jié)骨眼上，兩國形勢仍然持續(xù)緊張。There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual cooperation will prove unworkable. 這種合作模式大有可能行不通。2.

8、 某些詞雖然不用比較級形式卻自身帶有比較概念這些典型詞匯總結(jié)如下：“inferior”、“minor”、“senior”、“prior”、“prefer to”、“superior”、“major”、“junior”、“preferable”、“differ from”、“compared with”、“in comparison with”、“different from”、“rather than”等例句：After visiting at weekends, I think their villa is superior to all the other villas in the co

9、untryside.3. 有關(guān)比較級的特殊句型(1) not so muchas 與其說還不如說例句：The major reason for his suicide isnt so much his negative emotions as his incapacity to take care of himself.(2) no/not any morethan 兩者一樣都不例句：It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is no any more intelligent than the stomach, for they

10、 are both controlled by the brain altogether. (3) no /not any lessthan 兩者一樣都例句：I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior high school, and particularly speaking, mathematics was no any less good than physics at that time.(4) just asso 正如，也（會使用到倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）例如：Just as chocolate is a part of m

11、y favorite food, so is the ice cream.三、 虛擬語氣簡明概述：虛擬語氣是指說話人講話的內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)實或事實相反，是一種主觀假想的情況。時態(tài)：可表示過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，特征是時態(tài)相應(yīng)退后。1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般現(xiàn)在時 改為 一般過去時 注：be動詞一律改為wereshould/would/could/might + 動詞原形例句：If there were an English dictionary, we could consult it for this difficult word.If my bigger brother were

12、here, he would do us a favor to move the heavy box.2. 與過去事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般過去時 改為 過去完成時 should/would/could/might + have + 過去分詞例句：If he had studied more diligently, he would have passed the exam undoubtedly. If my favorite teacher had been here yesterday, Iwould have paid more attention to the lesson

13、.If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake. 3. 與將來事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般過去時注：be動詞一律改為were should/would/could/might + 動詞原形 were + to do sth should + 動詞原形例句：If you made great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.If you were to make great

14、progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.混合條件句：主句和條件從句所發(fā)生的時間點不一致，這個時候就需要根據(jù)各自的時態(tài)進(jìn)行倒退來做相應(yīng)修改。例句：If you had finished your homework by yourself yesterday（過去）, you would not copy others an

15、swers in a hurry（現(xiàn)在）.If you had asked your mother how to cook last week（過去）, you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish（現(xiàn)在）.虛擬語氣的倒裝如果從句中有were，should，had，則需要倒裝。倒裝方法：將if省略，再把were，should，had挪到從句的句首。 注：如果從句中沒有were，should，had，則不能省略if，也不可倒裝。例句：原句：If my bigger brother were here, he would help us

16、to move the heavy box.倒裝：Were my bigger brother here, he would help us to move the heavy box.原句：If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.倒裝：Had the child been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.原句：If you should make great progress in

17、the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.倒裝：Should you make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.虛擬語氣詞：should很簡單，三種形式（1） It is suggested/requested/ordered, etc.（具有命令，建議，要求等口吻的動詞過去分詞） + that sb should （should可省略） do （動詞原形） sth.注：這類動詞還可以有其他三種從句形式來代

18、替。例如：原句：It is suggested that students (should) use dictionary in exam.賓語從句： I suggest that students (should) use dictionary in exam. 表語從句： My suggestion is that students (should) use dictionary in exam. 同位語從句：I provided a suggestion that students (should) use dictionary in exam.（2） It is necessary/i

19、mportant/indispensable, etc. （帶有主觀色彩的形容詞）+ that sb (should) do sth. （3） It is a pity/a shame, etc. （名詞性詞組）+ that sb (should) do sth.虛擬語氣特殊句型：It is high （high可省略） time that 該是的時候了“that ”從句動詞可以用（1） 過去時（2） should（不能省略）+ 動詞原形例句：It is (high) time that we should draw up a contract. It is (high) time that

20、we drew up a contract.（草擬合同）含蓄虛擬語氣除了常規(guī)的連詞if以外，還可以借助其他介詞、介詞詞組、句子來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣從句。1. Without “要是沒有”例句：Without the rescue of firefighters timely, our lives would not have been saved.2. But for “要不是”例句：But for your professional help, I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.3. Under“在

21、某種情況下”例句：Under such circumstances, the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.4. With“有的前提下”例句：With the data collected one month earlier, we could finish the project more efficiently. 5. In the absence of “如果沒有”例句：In the absence of law, women would continue to lack their

22、rights to vote on their own.6. Otherwise “否則”例句：We didnt know his educational background and achievement in this field, otherwise we would have fired him. 7. If it were not for “要不是 （用于現(xiàn)在的情況）”例句：If it were not for the brilliant guidance of the Communist Party of China, we could not lead a happy life

23、.8. If it had not been for “要不是 （用于過去/已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況）”例句：If it had not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday. 倒裝：Had it not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday. 9. as if/as though“好像似的”按照具體的語境，既可以用虛擬語氣（表示與實際情況相反、主觀臆斷）、也可以用陳述語

24、氣（表示實現(xiàn)的可能性較大或所說情況即是事實）例句：Time can take away our happiness and sadness as if/though it was endowed with magic power.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣）My teacher has contributed herself a lot as if/though she was a candle, which lights others and consumes itself.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣）The student studied industriously as if/thoug

25、h he had never felt tired andexhausted.（與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣） The boy still stays calm as if/though he has knownthe beginning and the end of the matteralready.（就是事實，按實際的時態(tài)即可）四、定語從句簡明概述：定語從句在句中充當(dāng)定語的角色，修飾句中前面所提到的名/代詞。被修飾的名/代詞稱為先行詞。關(guān)系代詞 （who, whom, whose, which, that）：注：沒有what關(guān)系代詞所代替的主要是人或物的名/代詞，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等

26、成分。who, whom, that 都可代替人例句：Is the boywho/thatcheated in the examination" (who/that作為從句主語，代替the boy)He is the manwhom/that we wont recruit due to his criminal records. (who/that作為從句賓語，代替the man)whose 可指代人或物注：如果whose指物的話，也可以用of which來代替。例句：Our conversation was stopped by a manwhose hair is blonde

27、.I lent him this bookwhose pages curled up due to my constant use. =I lent him this bookthe pages of which curled up due to my constant use.which, that 代替事物例句：Well never forget the atrocious violencewhich/that was committed by Japanese soldiers.Is that fashion show (which/that) you were talking abou

28、t just now"（作賓語時可?。╆P(guān)系副詞 （when, where, why）：關(guān)系副詞分別代替的先行詞為時間、地點和原因，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語的角色。注：when, where, why 也可用“介詞 + which”來代替。例句：This was the momentwhen/at which the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.Xian is one of the most famous cultural cities where/in which millions o

29、f worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reasonwhy/for which there is a severe shortage of funds for our research"注：that 是可以代替關(guān)系副詞的，即that可取代“when, where, why”和“介詞+which”的形式。（在口語中that可省略）注：介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略，而且that前不能有介詞例句轉(zhuǎn)換：This was the momentthat the two sides reached a deadlock a

30、gain and terminated their negotiation.Xian is one of the most famous cultural cities that millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reasonthat there is a severe shortage of funds for our research"限制性/非限制性定語從句重點概括整理：限制性定語從句先行詞是不能省略的，因為省了先行詞的話，句子的意思就會變得不完整和不明確，缺少必要的說明解

31、釋。而非限制性定語從句是先行詞的額外說明，是可以省略的，省了也不會影響句子的意思和整體性，并且與主句之間常用“，”隔開。比較例句：This is the book(which/that)I bought yesterday. （限制性）This book, I bought yesterday, is very inspiring. （非限制性）通常是非限制性定語從句的情況分析：Steven Spielberg, (whom) I admire very much in Hollywood movie-making field, won another Oscar Award this yea

32、r. （專有名詞/人名）My beloved dog, (which) I bought 5 years ago, has caught a bad cold recently. （有物主代詞的時候） This experiment, which was conducted last weekends, proves to be a big success. （有指示代詞的時候）Her child was always absent-minded in learning and failed in exams, which made her disappointed once again. （

33、由which代替整句主句）關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法總結(jié)（只能用that的情況）：先行詞既包含人又包含物，只用that，不用which例句：The volunteers were talking about the nonprofit organization and its staffthat made an indelible impression on them.當(dāng)不定代詞作為先行詞（如anyone，anything，nothing，any，everything，something，little，few，much，all等），只用that，不用which例句：He shared ever

34、ything with us thataroused his interest in chemistry at school.先行詞用the only/very 修飾時，只用that，不用which例句：The girl is the only student that will blush with shyness when talking with boys.先行詞是序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that，不用which例句：The first English awardthat I won was an English debate competition held by Forei

35、gn Languages Institute at my university. This wasthebusiestperiodthat we spent last year in project-consulting and research industry.在There be句型中，只用that，不用which 例句：There was a ship that passed through a strait.五、名詞性從句簡明概述：名詞性從句在句中相當(dāng)于名詞詞組/成分。由于它在復(fù)合句中能作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此名詞性從句（總稱）又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語

36、從句等。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞重點概括如下：1. 連接詞：that, whether, if （只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不作任何成分）注： that-從句作主語時，常用it作先行詞放在句首作為形式主語，而將that-從句放在句末，避免頭重腳輕。 1. It is necessary (a.) that 2. It is known -ed分詞 that 3. It is a pity (n.) that 4. It seems (vi.) that 2. 連接代詞：what (whatever), who (whoever), whom, whose, which (whicheve

37、r)3. 連接副詞：when, where, why, how 注：連接代詞和連接副詞作主語時，也常用it作先行詞放在句首作為形式主語。例句：It is doubtful why his parents are determined so persistently to send the young boy abroad for further study.It has not been decided yet who will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government. 注（1）：引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞不可省略例句：Tha

38、t the candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited. 注（2）：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞不可省略例句：We worried about the forecast that there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue-collar workers in tier-one cities（一線城市）in the following three years.注（3）：表示“是否”的時候，只用whether不用if的情況1. 后有“or

39、not”例句：It is unknown to all whether the new policy can improve the standard of peoples lives or not.2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句例句：The keynote is whether childrens safety can be guaranteed.3. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首例句：Whether the experiment could be conducted (or not) remained unknown to the students.4. 作介詞賓語例句：The child is fearfu

40、l of whether another war will break out at any moment.六、倒裝簡明概述：倒裝句由全部倒裝和部分倒裝組成。全部倒裝是把句中的謂語部分全部挪到主語前面，時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時；部分倒裝則是將謂語的一部分，如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝于主語之前。如果謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需要我們幫助補充助動詞，如do，does，did，并將它們放在主語的前面。全部倒裝（時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時）：A. 句中如有副詞here, there, now, then, away, hence, thus, etc.位于句首，謂語動詞為come, go,

41、 be, stand, fall, lie, etc. 典型例句：Away ran the child.There lives a tiger.Here is your money.B. 表示方位/運動方向的副詞（如in, out, away, off, up, down, etc.）位于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞（如come, go, jump, run, swim, stand, rush, etc.）。例句：Away swam a whale.C. 地點狀語位于句首例句：Under the tree rested an old lady.D. There be 句型例句：There is（

42、注意主謂一致）a radio, two television sets and ten chairs in this room.There are many TV programs in prime time（黃金時間段）. 注：全部倒裝只有在主語是名詞的前提下才能全部倒裝，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能全部倒裝。對比例句：Away ran the child. Away he ran.There lives a tiger. There it lives.部分倒裝：A. 句首有否定或半否定的詞語（注：如果否定詞不在句首，則不需要倒裝），Eg: No, Not, None, Nobody, Nowh

43、ere, Never, Little, Few, Seldom, Hardly, At no time, In no way, Not until, Not onlybut also, Hardlywhen, Scarcelywhen, No soonerthan, etc.例句：Nowhere can you find a place better than your home.In no waycould you destroy the incontrovertible evidence. At no time can a country use force towards a vulne

44、rable group.Never have I scolded my child even if he has made any mistakes.重點：Not until總結(jié)：主句倒裝，從句不倒裝；否定詞不在句首不需倒裝 例句對比：Not until that time（名詞短語）did I know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation. = Ididntknow why she chose to leave me without any hesitation untilthat time.Not untilthe child

45、made a full recovery from the heart operation（從句）did his father go abroad on business. = The father didnt go abroad on business untilthe child made a full recovery from the heart operation.重點：Not only but also1. Not only A but also B，若A和B是名詞性短語，則不需要倒裝例句：Not only students but also teachers should kee

46、p studying continuously and absorb new knowledge to broaden their minds. 2. Not only A but also B，若A和B都是分句的話，則A倒裝，B不倒裝。對比例句：Not only should we reconstruct economy, but also create more positions for the unemployed.We should not only reconstruct economy, but also create more positions for the unemplo

47、yed.重點：Hardlywhen; Scarcelywhen; No soonerthan對比例句（注意時態(tài)：前過完后過去時）：Hardly had I left homewhen my dog barked.I had hardly left home when my dog barked.Scarcely had we gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.We had scarcely gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.No sooner had the Chairm

48、an declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.The Chairman had no sooner declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.B. Only 位于句首要部分倒裝1. Onlyby this means/in this way（短語）can you notice the importance of efficient study methods.

49、2. Onlyafter making the same mistake twice（從句）will he learn a lesson.（主句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝）C. Sothat句型中若so位于句首，則需要部分倒裝例句：So angry was the boy that he decided to break off friendly relations with his friends（斷絕友誼）.D. May在表示祝愿的句子中位于句首，要部分倒裝例句：May God bless you!May this transportation handbook help you to trav

50、el in Singapore.E. 虛擬語氣的倒裝如果從句中有were，should，had，就需要部分倒裝。將if省略，再把were，should，had挪到從句的句首。（虛擬語氣中已經(jīng)講明）七、主謂一致簡明概述：主謂一致即主語與謂語在語法單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。本章節(jié)重點羅列了英語專四考試中經(jīng)常會考到且常出現(xiàn)的幾種情況以供大家參考、復(fù)習(xí)。 以“s”結(jié)尾的書名、雜志名、國家名、組織名，雖然字面上是“復(fù)數(shù)”形式，但其實只能作為一個獨立的個/整體。所以作主語時，謂語動詞要為單數(shù)。典型例句：The United Stateshas 50 states.The Forbes（福布斯雜志）wasfou

51、nded in 1917.The United Nationshastaken steps to ameliorate this situation.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語例句對比：Studying and working are both indispensable and should be balanced evenly. （當(dāng)A和B分別指兩個不同概念的時候，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)）The diplomat and university professor has taught me a lot. （當(dāng)A和B由and連接，A前有“the”，B前卻無定冠詞時，兩者表示指代的為同一人或事物，謂語需用單數(shù)）就近

52、原則：There be“There be”中“be”的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的名詞。比較例句：There aretwo tables, one chair left in that classroom.There is one chair and two tables left in that classroom.There isone or two things Id like to share with you now.就近原則：eitheror; neithernor; A or B; 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定對比例句：Either you or that bo

53、y is to be punished.Neither that boy nor you are to be punished.就近原則：not onlybut also對比例句：Not only you but also that girlwants the toy.Not only you but also Iam keen on jazz music.就近原則：Here對比例句：Here is one penand two drawings on the desk.Here aretwo drawings and one pen on the desk.就近原則：notbut“不是而是”

54、例句：Not the subject teacher but the colorful textbookswhet my appetite for more study.謂語單數(shù)：none of + 可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 + V單neither of + 可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 + V單either of + 可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 + V單注：在口語中有時上述三種情況也可以用V復(fù)（但只是在后跟可數(shù)名詞的時候），但是考點大部分是以考查V單為重點總結(jié)：none of + 可數(shù)名詞+ V單/復(fù)neither of + 可數(shù)名詞+ V單/復(fù)either of + 可數(shù)名詞+ V單/復(fù)例句：None of

55、 rice is to be wasted.Neither of the two hotels boasts/boast a swimming pool.Either of you takes/take the responsibility to clean the oven. 就遠(yuǎn)原則：with, along with, together with, like, except, but, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, as much as, rather than, etc.例句：Her body except he

56、r feet has been recovered from the accident.The two boys rather than that girl were giving an instrumental performance just now.A good attitude together with superior English-speaking skills leads to the success of the competition. Experienced health-care professionals in addition to state-of-the-ar

57、t facilities guarantee the high quality of the hospital.謂語單數(shù)：主語由every, each, some, no, any, no one, one, thing等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞例句：Each of us enjoys the fashion show.He felt that something strange was leaning towards him.謂語單數(shù)：表示距離，金錢，時間，度量的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看做一個整體，因此謂語要用單數(shù)形式例句：Another two hoursis enough to get fully prepared for the contest.Two centimeterswas permitted for average error