1、一、主謂一致的三大原則1. 語法一致原則:(1 單數(shù)/ 不可數(shù)名詞+V單三(2 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+V復(fù)2. 意義一致原則(1 形復(fù)意單+V單三e.g.(2 形單意復(fù)+V復(fù)e.g.3.主謂鄰近原則:or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also連接并列主語時(shí)二、主謂一致的具體運(yùn)用:1.名詞作主語(1集體名詞第一類: family, team, audience, population, class, club, committee, company, crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, staf

2、f, jury, faculty強(qiáng)調(diào)整體+V單三強(qiáng)調(diào)成員+V復(fù)e.g. The population in China _(be very large, and eighty percent of the population inChina_(be farmers.第二類: people, police, cattle, militia + V復(fù)c.f. people表示“民族”時(shí)有單復(fù)數(shù)變化e.g. The Chinese _(be a polite people.There _(be many peoples in the world.(2 單復(fù)同形的名詞: 意義決定動(dòng)詞A sheep

3、_(be over there.The sheep _(disappearone after another since last week. Every means _. (tryAll possible means _. (adopt(3 整體看待的度量/距離/金額/時(shí)間/書名+V單三e.g. Ten pounds _(be not so heavy.Twenty miles _(be a long way to walk.The Selected Poems of Li Bai _(be published long ago.(4 復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞(trousers, glasses,

4、 shoes+ V復(fù)c.f. a pair of / a kind of / a series of +名詞+V單三e.g. My shoes are under the bed.A pair of shoes _(be under the bed.(5 注意kind的表達(dá)中主謂一致的判斷e.g. This kind of men _(be dangerous.Men of this kind _(be dangerous.(6 all / most / half / rest + of + n. +V(取決于名詞e.g. All of my classmates _(work hard.Al

5、l of the water _(be gone.(7 The Chinese / English +V復(fù)e.g. The Chinese _(be hardworking.(8 倒裝句中謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的名詞保持一致地點(diǎn)狀語位于句首:e.g. In the distance _(be a boat.such 作表語位于句首:e.g. Such _(be Einstein.Such _(be the viewpoints of the teachers.(9 以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞常用作單數(shù).e.g. mathematics, physics, economics(10 某些以-s結(jié)尾指單一

6、事物的專有名詞常用作單數(shù).e .g. the United States, the United Nations2. 并列名詞作主語:(1 each/every/no+n.(sing+and+each/every/no+n.(sing + V單三e.g. Every hour and every minute _(be important.(2 A and B / Both A and B +V復(fù)c.f. 并列主語如果指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念+V單三特征:and 后面沒有冠詞(見papere.g. The manager and secretary _(present at the me

7、eting.Bread and butter _(be her favourite breakfast.All work and no play _(make Jack a dull boy.此類表達(dá):war and peace, law and order(治安, time and tide, truth and honesty,a knife and fork, a watch and chain, a cup and saucer, a needle and thread, a cart and horse,egg and rice, salt and water, whisky and

8、 soda(3 主語后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, together with, like, ratherthan, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的短語, 動(dòng)詞取決于前面的主語.e.g. The principal together with the teachers _(be going to attend a meeting.You, rather than he, _(responsiblefor it.(4 or, eithero

9、r, neithernor, not onlybut also 遵循主謂鄰近原則3. 名詞化的形容詞作主語:the + adj. / 分詞+V復(fù)此類表達(dá)有:the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the blind, the deaf, the sick, the dying, the dead, the living, the wise, the weak, the strong, the brave, the injured, the wounded, the oppressed, the aged, the learned, the unemplo

10、yedc.f. the + adj. 表示不可數(shù)的事物或概念+V 單三此類表達(dá)有: the worst, the latest, the unknown, the true, the good, the beautiful, the false, the ugly, the evile.g. The beautiful _(be the ideal of life.3. 代詞作主語:(1 either, neither 單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)用單三的謂語動(dòng)詞(2 all 表示人時(shí)=all people, + V復(fù)e.g. All _(be present.all 表示所有的一切= everything

11、+V 單三e.g. Now all _(be changed.(3 every, some, any, no與one, -body, -thing 構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí), 謂語用單三4. 數(shù)量詞出現(xiàn)在主語中:(1 分?jǐn)?shù)/ 百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +n. +V(取決于名詞e.g. Three fourths of the workers here _(be women.Three fourths of the earths surface _(be covered with water.(2 a lot of/lots of/plenty of/ a large quantity of/a heap

12、of/ heaps of+n. + V (取決于名詞(3 a large quantity of +n. U,C +V(取決于名詞a great deal of / a large amount of + n. U +V單三c.f. large quantities of + n. C, U +V復(fù)large amounts of + n. U+ V復(fù)e.g. Quantities of food _(be on the table.Large amounts of money _(spend on the bridge.(3 a number of + n.(pl. +V復(fù)the numbe

13、r of +n. (pl. +V單三e.g. Only a small number of people _(present at the meeting.The number of people present at the meeting _(be small.(4 more than one / Many a +n. (sing. +V單三e.g. More than one student _(see the film.Many a student _(like popular songs.c.f. More + n.( pl.+than one+V復(fù)e.g. More members

14、 than one _(be against your plan.(5 One and a half + n.(pl. +V單三e.g. One and a half apples _(is left on the table.(6 不可數(shù)名詞前面如有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,后常跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語.e.g. There _(be about thirteen pints of blood in a mans body.Three million tons of coal _(be exported that year.5. 從句作主語(1 定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞于先行詞保持一致c.f. one of + n.(pl. +V復(fù)the (only o