1、精選文檔談含蓄式虛擬條件句 語氣是英語動詞的一種形式，表達(dá)說話者的意圖和態(tài)度。英語動詞的語氣可分為三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣是高考測試的重點(diǎn)，其變化的多樣性和結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單性增加了它的難度。我們不但要把握虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用（這是關(guān)于虛擬語氣的基本用法），還應(yīng)當(dāng)留意它在含蓄式虛擬條件句中的使用。 含蓄式虛擬條件句是非真實(shí)條件句的特殊表現(xiàn)形式，其特點(diǎn)是不使用if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句明確表示條件，而用含蓄的方式表達(dá)。 含蓄條件的表達(dá)方式主要有兩種：1.短語、非時(shí)間狀語從句、單個(gè)詞等示意條件，常見的有介詞短語、分詞短語、不定式短語及but , or , otherwise 等

2、表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞；2.上下文、單句等示意條件。 這類題目解題的關(guān)鍵是先找到題句中給定的含蓄條件，并確定其是否為假設(shè)的非真實(shí)條件，然后再確定謂語動詞的適當(dāng)形式。 一、介詞短語示意條件 例1 Without your help, I couldn't have finished the work on time. 該句是簡潔句，其中Without your help 為介詞短語，示意條件，相當(dāng)于明確的條件句 If it hadn't been your help 。這個(gè)句子是對過去的假設(shè)，因此，應(yīng)用與過去事實(shí)相反的動詞虛擬形式。又如： Without the dreams of the

3、 youth , this invention would have been postponed (推遲) for a century.(If it hadn't been for the dreams of the youth ) 例2 _ the English examination , I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 解析：答案為B。該句與上例類似，為與過去事實(shí)相反的含蓄式虛擬條件句，但測試重點(diǎn)不是選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式，

4、而是確定能正確表達(dá)假設(shè)條件的介詞短語。所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有but for (要不是)合適，與其后名詞構(gòu)成的短語，相當(dāng)于if it hadn't been for the English examination,表明與過去事實(shí)相反的條件。又如： But for his advice, I couldn't have done it all by myself.(If it hadn't been for his advice) 二、分詞短語示意條件 例1 Having known in time, we _ the plan from being carried out

5、. A. will have prevented B. would have prevented C. must have prevented D. should have been prevented 解析：答案為B。題句中的Having known in time 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作全句的狀語，相當(dāng)于非真實(shí)條件從句If they had known in time, 因此，謂語動詞應(yīng)選用與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬形式B。A是將來完成時(shí)，不能與句子的狀語搭配使用；C是情態(tài)動詞must的完成式，表示對過去動作的猜想，假如把狀語理解As we had known in time,選語法上能講得通，但句

6、意不合規(guī)律；是被動用法，不恰當(dāng)。 題句譯文：假如準(zhǔn)時(shí)得知此事，我們當(dāng)時(shí)就會阻擋方案的執(zhí)行。 又如： Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. (given more time = if she had been given more time) Being a doctor , I could cure all patients suffering from cancer. (being a doctor = if I were a doctor) 三、單個(gè)詞示意條件 例 : I was busy that day

7、. Otherwise , I would have come to see you. 句意為：我那天很忙，要不然我就去看你了。 句中的Otherwise 是個(gè)示意條件的單個(gè)詞，相當(dāng)于條件句子if I had not been busy that day ，這是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的條件句，所以后面用would have come。又如： I am glad I studied. Otherwise , I would have failed . (otherwise = if I had not studied) 另外，除了副詞otherwise 外，常見的還有連詞or 等。如： They l

8、iked the apartment or they wouldn't have stayed so long.(or = if they hadn't liked the apartment) 四、上下文示意條件 例：I would have come to see you that day. Unfortunately , it was raining so hard . 譯文：我原來打算在那天來看你的，不巧的是那天下大雨。 該句由兩個(gè)簡潔句構(gòu)成，后面的句子示意條件，可轉(zhuǎn)換成前一句的非真實(shí)條件從句 if it had not been raining so hard, 因此

9、，應(yīng)用表示過去虛擬的動詞形式would have come 。 此類句子要分析出上下文示意的虛擬條件，特殊留意表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞，如but , otherwise, or else等。又如： I would have written to her, but I didn't know her address. (If I had known her address , I would.)0 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have

10、 come Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? A. will be B. is C. were D. be13 If only I to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened10. his English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 11.

11、Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 54. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last

12、 Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 55. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received 56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _to see his classmates off. A. c

13、ame B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming 57. Hes working hard for fear that he . A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might for a century. A. have been postponed B. has been postponed C. postp

14、one D. be postponed 1He must have had an accident，or he then Awould have been here Bhad to be here Cshould be here Dwould be here 4Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I your advice Afollow Bhad followed Cwould follow Dhave followed 1. 條件暗含在短語中。如： (1)W hat would I have done without you? 如沒

15、有你，我會怎么辦呢？(條件暗含在分詞短語without you中) (2) It would be easier to do it this way. 這樣做會比較簡潔。(條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way中) (3) This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同樣的事，如發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會釀成大禍。(條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中) (4) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experime

16、nt. 假如沒有你的掛念，我們的試驗(yàn)是不會成功。 (暗含條件是but for your help) (5) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他肯定是力大如河馬，否則他絕不會擊敗那只浩大的野獸。(暗含條件是連詞or) (6) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是單獨(dú)一人，他是會感到可怕的。(暗含條件是alone)含蓄虛擬條件句 含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來示意存在虛

17、擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有： （1）介詞或介詞短語，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. A. In spite

18、of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案選B。 But that she was afraid, she would have said no. (2)連詞，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(如果)，for fear that(生怕)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是就好了)等。 She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wa

19、nted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted. If only I had more money, I could buy a car. (注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣形式。)例如： The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 這位外籍老師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。 Care must be

20、taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法時(shí)要當(dāng)心謹(jǐn)慎，以免會發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。 （3）通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。 I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep選擇 B。 (4)形容詞及其比較級 A m

21、ore careful person would not have made so many mistakes. A less conscientious man wouldnt have tried so hard to get this job done. (5)分詞短語 Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. (6)動詞不定式短語。一般intended/meant/hoped/wis

22、hed/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虛擬。 I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. It would be easier to do it this way. (7)名詞短語和名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu) A judicious man would not have committed suicide. A diligent student would have work