1、3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導 -TEM 4-TEM 4語語法法綜綜述述Grammar 第一講第一講劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2 2TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導九大?？颊Z法點：九大?？颊Z法點：1. 虛擬語氣2. 非謂語動詞3. 定語從句4. 狀語從句5. 名詞性從句（定語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）6. 情態(tài)動詞7. 反義疑問句8. 時態(tài)9. 一些特定功能詞匯的用法（much, more, such, anything but, enough等）劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3 3TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導

2、1. 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Subjunctive Mood劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4 4TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導A. 虛擬語氣概要：虛擬語氣概要：現(xiàn)代英語中有三種語氣：現(xiàn)代英語中有三種語氣：1.陳述語氣（indicative mood）2.祈使語氣（imperative mood）3.虛擬語氣（subjunctive mood）劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院5 5TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導A. 虛擬語氣概要：虛擬語氣概要：專業(yè)四級考試語法與詞匯部分（除2001年外）每年至少有一道相關(guān)試題涉及虛擬語氣，平均下來達到每年2題，總計有30題。年年

3、92939495969798990001020304050607合合計計題題數(shù)數(shù)3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1/2 1 3 3 4 230劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院6 6TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導虛擬條件句結(jié)構(gòu)表虛擬條件句結(jié)構(gòu)表If 從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞的過去式(be 為were)Would (should) + 動詞原形與過去事實相反動詞的過去完成式(had +動詞的過去分詞)Would (should, could, might) + have + 動詞的過去分詞與將來事實相反 動詞的過去式（be 為were）2. Were + 不定式3. Shoul

4、d + 動詞原形 Would (should, could, might) + 動詞原形劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院7 7TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣1. be動詞動詞were提到從句主語的前面。提到從句主語的前面。Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened，should there be a sudden loud

5、 noise.劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院8 8TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣2動詞動詞should / had提到從句主語的前面。提到從句主語的前面。Should I have time, I would call her。Had I known it, I have told youHad the damage been worse，the insurance company would have paid more。劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院9 9TEM 4 系列輔

6、導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例1: _ for the fact that she broke her leg，she might have passed the exam.（2002:50）A. Had it not beenB. Hadnt it beenC. Was it not D. Were it not劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1010TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例2:

7、 _, he would not have recovered so quickly.（199565）Hadnt he been taken good care ofHad he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1111TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例3: _ their h

8、elp, we would not have succeeded。 （1992:55）AHadnt been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadnt been forD. Had not it been for劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1212TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例4: _ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.（1994-62）A. if

9、I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized that D. As I realized劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1313TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例5: _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （200563）A. If, had B. Have, hadC. Should, have D. in case, had

10、劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1414TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣練習：練習：1: _ right now, she would get there on Sunday A. Would she leaveB. If she leavesC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left?劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1515TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導B. 考點分類考點分類 - 從句省略連詞從句省略連詞if的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣練習：練習：2: _

11、before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1616TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：在描述與過去事實相反的非真實條件句中，需要使用虛擬語氣。條件從句的謂語動詞通常用had過去分詞，結(jié)

12、果主句的謂語動詞用should（第一人稱）或would（第二、三人稱）have過去分詞;劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1717TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣Examples:* If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. If I hadnt taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake. She would have come, if she hadnt bee

13、n so busy. 劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1818TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例1：All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.（2000:49）A. werent B. hasnt beenC. hadnt beenD. wouldnt been劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院1919TEM 4

14、 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例2：I _ the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2020TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣

15、真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例3：I was to have made a speech if _ . （19975 1）I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2121TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例4：If you _ in such a hurry you _

16、sugar into the sauce instead of salt.（199250）A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2222TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例5：_ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you

17、know beforehand？（200444）A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2323TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣【補充】混合虛擬式，或交錯虛擬式：有時，從句的動詞所表示的動作和主句的動詞所表示的動作不一致，這時就要使用混合虛擬式。* If I had taken my raincoat whe

18、n I came out this morning, I would not be wet now. * If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2424TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導C. 考點分類考點分類 - 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例6：If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than

19、 I can.（2005:51）A. would beB. will have beenC. was D. were劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2525TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導D. 考點分類考點分類 - 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is (high, about, the) time.”中的虛擬語氣中的虛擬語氣在句型“It is (high, about, the) time”虛擬語氣中的謂語動詞通常用過去式，指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，表示“早該做某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”。劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2626TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導D. 考點分類考點分類 -

20、結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is (high, about, the) time.”中的虛擬語氣中的虛擬語氣Its the time the children learned how to behave properly.Its about time people took notice of what women did during the war.劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2727TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導D. 考點分類考點分類 - It is (high, about, the) time真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例1：-“What courses are you g

21、oing to do next semester?” -“I dont know. But its about time _ on something.”（200251）A. Id decide B. I decidedC. I decide D. Im deciding劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2828TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導D. 考點分類考點分類 - It is (high, about, the) time真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例2：If you have really been studying English for so long, its ab

22、out time you _ able to write letters in English.（199949）A. could be B. wereC. must be D. are劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院2929TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導D. 考點分類考點分類 - It is (high, about, the) time真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例3：That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (200560)A. b

23、etrayedtake B. had betrayedtookC. has betrayedtookD. has betrayedtake劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3030TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導D. 考點分類考點分類 - It is (high, about, the) time真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例4：Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests. （2006. 54）A. stopped B. had to stopC. shall stopD. stop劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國

24、語學院3131TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導E. 考點分類考點分類 - 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣Though, if, even if, even though, whatever, however, granted that 等連接代詞或副詞引導的讓步狀語從句中可以使用虛擬語氣，但是主句一般用直陳語氣。劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3232TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導However dangerous it might be, I would have a try.We wont change our plan even if the rumor

25、be true.Though everyone desert you, I will notE. 考點分類考點分類 - 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3333TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例1：Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash。 （199952）A. I would have liked to B. I would like to haveC. I shou

26、ld have to like D. I should have liked toE. 考點分類考點分類 - 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3434TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例2：Home is home, _ ever so homely （199252）A. it is B. it wereC. be itD. it beE. 考點分類考點分類 - 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3535TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導在敘述與

27、將來事實相反的情況時，需要使用虛擬語氣。條件狀語從句謂語動詞一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：一般過去式，werewas十不定式，或should動詞原形。主句的謂語動詞一般用wouldshould十動詞原形。F. 考點分類考點分類 - 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3636TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導If she were to marry Jack, she would be happyIf it should rain again, what else could I do？If it snowed tomorrow, I shouldwou

28、ld stay at home. F. 考點分類考點分類 - 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3737TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例1：If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.（199843）A. shall need B. should needC. would needD. will needF. 考點分類考點分類 - 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣與將來事實相反的虛

29、擬語氣劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院3838TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例2：I _ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mothers illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me。（199354）A. am to have finished B. was to have finishedC. was to finish D. ought to finishF. 考點分類考點分類 - 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣劉曉康老師制作3/24/

30、2022師大商學院外國語學院3939TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導1 1表示主表示主觀觀判判斷斷、推、推測測和表示命令、和表示命令、決決定、要求、建定、要求、建議議之之類類的的詞詞的相的相關(guān)從關(guān)從句中。句中。如：ask（要求，advise（勸告），beg（請求），command（命令），consent（同意），demand（要求），desire（要求），determine（決意），decide（決定），deserve（值得提起），expect（期望），insist（堅持），intend（打算），maintain（主張），move（移動），order（命令），prefer（情愿），propose（

31、提議），recommend（勸告），request（要求），require（要求），resolve（決意），suggest（建議），urge（極力主張），vote（提議）。G. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4040TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導賓語從賓語從句：句：He suggested that we (should）take notes while listening to the lecture.In the past men generally pref

32、erred that their wives (should) work in the home. G. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4141TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導(b) 部分上述動詞名詞形式的同位語從句：（包括部分上述動詞名詞形式的同位語從句：（包括necessity必必要性，要性，pray懇求，懇求，preference偏愛，偏愛，plan計劃，計劃，idea主意）主意）He put forward the suggestion that we（sh

33、ould）take notes while listening to the lecture.This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school lifeG. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4242TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導(c) 部分上述動詞名詞形式的表語從句：部分上述動詞名詞形式的表語從句：His suggestion was that

34、 we（should） take notes while listening to the lecture。G. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4343TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導(d) 主語從句：（另主語從句：（另: It is arranged that）It was suggested that we（should）take notes while listening to the lecture.It was arranged that they（sho

35、uld）leave the following weekG. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4444TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導2 2“ “It isIt is形容形容詞詞+ that+ that從從句句” ”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)中。中。這些形容詞分別為：advisable（適當?shù)模?，adamant（堅定不移的），appropriate（適當?shù)模?，better（較好的），desirable（向往的），essential（基本的），imperative（迫切的），Import

36、ant（重要的），insistent（堅定的），incredible（難以置信的），keen（渴望的），natural（自然的），necessary（必要的），obligatory（規(guī)定的），possible（可能的），preferable（更可取的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（緊迫的），vital（極其重要的）。 G. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4545TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導It is desirable t

37、hat the agreement be signed before MayI dont think it advisable that he (should) be assigned to the lob since he has no experience at all.G. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4646TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導3“It is a pityshameno wonderones wishthat從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：It is a g

38、reat pity that he should be so conceited. G. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4747TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導4以lest, in case, for fear that（以免）引導的目的狀語從句。如：* You should exercise vigilance lest you should be killed. * Take your coat in case it（should）rainG. 考點分類考點分類

39、 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院4848TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例1： It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight.（1994. 58）A. not B. need notC. could notD. wouldG. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外

40、國語學院4949TEM 4 系列輔導系列輔導真題舉例及分析真題舉例及分析例2： The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _ for that.（2003, 47）for us to be prepared B. that we are preparedC. of us to be prepared D. our being preparedG. 考點分類考點分類 - 幾種常用幾種常用“（should）+動詞動詞原形原形”表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)劉曉康老師制作3/24/2022師大商學院外國語學院5050TEM 4 系列輔導