1、非謂語動詞基本概念及用法一、 動詞不定式to do 現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing 過去分詞v-edThinking about these examples:the bridge to be built 將建造的橋, the bridge being built 正在建造的橋,the bridge built已經(jīng)建好的橋二、謂語與非謂語的比較非謂語動詞是漢語中沒有的語言現(xiàn)象。漢語中幾個謂語動詞連用而動詞不用作任何形式的變化。如：他明天來拜訪你。翻譯成英語不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.這里就用了不定式to visit。因此同學們要

2、特別注意弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand分析：stood是與sat并列的謂語。 非謂語動詞的語法功能所能充當?shù)某煞种髡Z表語賓語賓語補足語定語狀語V-ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞不定式（to do）過去分詞(done)Exercise：找出“非謂語動詞”，并判斷作何成分To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.It is not an easy thing to

3、master a language.My suggestion is to start work at once.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.Have you anything to declare?He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this son

4、g.The boss made them work from morning till night. They were made to work from morning till night.The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed.They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.Is this the b

5、ook recommended by our teacher? The meeting held last week is very important.The meeting being held is very important.The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.非謂語形式構(gòu)成時態(tài)語態(tài)復合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式主動被動不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of s

6、b. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never進行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成進行式to have been doing/動名詞一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主語要用sbs doing在前加not特別注意復合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞變化形式相同在前加not做賓語的非謂語動詞比較情況常用動詞只接不定式做賓語的動詞hope, want, offer, lon

7、g, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to,

8、be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to兩者都可以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習慣行為）need, want, require（主語與動名詞之間存在邏

9、輯上的動賓關(guān)系，接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，若接不定式則應用被動形式）意義相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regret to do（指動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意思是，意味著）cant help （to）

10、do（不能幫忙做）cant help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done被認為已經(jīng)做了considerto be認為是consider doing考慮做某事 一. 作主語表示經(jīng)常性，常用動名詞作主語， 表示某一次，常用動詞不定式作主語， 有時為了對稱，主語，賓語（或表語）要么都用不定時， 要么都用動名詞1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. To answer correctly is more

11、important than _.A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly答案:1.B2.C考點1. 動名詞的完成式一般不做 主語1) It was _ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.（D為什么不行？ ）A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played2)

12、 _ the homework made his father lose his temper. （但復合結(jié)構(gòu)可以）A. The boys not having done B. The boy not having done C. The boys having not done D. The boy having not done答案:1.B2.A二. 作賓語 動詞不定式和動名詞都可作賓語考點2. 有些動詞只能跟不定式作賓語這類及物動詞常見的有：agree (同意) , ask (請、要) , attempt (試圖) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求apply 申請

13、care (想要) , choose (決定、要) , decide (決定) , desire (希望) , determine (決心) , help 幫助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (學習) , manage (設(shè)法) , offer (愿意) , plan (計劃、打算) , pretend (假裝) , refuse (拒絕、謝絕) , wish (希望)等等 promise 答應want 想要 wish 希望考點3. 有些動詞只能跟動名詞作賓語下列動詞習慣上可接動名詞作賓語，但不能接不定式作賓語

14、： admit 承認 advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考慮delay 推遲 deny 否認discuss 討論dislike 不喜歡 enjoy 喜愛 escape 逃脫excuse 原諒 fancy 設(shè)想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原諒give up 放棄imagine 想像keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意 miss 沒趕上pardon 原諒permit 允許 practise 練習prevent 阻止?搖prohibit 禁止put off 推遲report 報告 risk 冒險

15、stop 停止suggest 建議understand 理解 feel like想做某事考點4. 有些動詞即可跟不定式也可跟動名詞，但意思上有差別forget ，remember跟動名詞作賓語，記得還是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，還未作mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味著 try to do , 盡力作某事；try doing, 嘗試著作某事 want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被動；regret doing sth. 對做過的某事表示后悔；regret to say, 很抱歉的說like/ hate doing, 經(jīng)常性的， lik

16、e/ hate to do, 特定的某一次be/get used to doing 習慣于做某事，used to do 過去經(jīng)常做某事 be used to do被用來做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事 cant help ( to) do 不能幫助做某事stop doing 停止正在做著的某事； stop to do停下來做別的事情go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事 go on to do接著干別的事情forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something考點5

17、. except, but后跟不定式時，如果前面有實意動詞do的形式，不用to, 否則要帶to1) There is nothing to do except _ till it stops snows.A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits2) Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy答案:1.C2.A三. 作表語考

18、點6. 表示將來某一次時常用動詞不定式作表語，表示經(jīng)常性性時常用動名詞作表語 ( 表示某一次，如果主語中有do時，不定式省略to) 1) Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becomingB. becomeC. to becomeD. being come2) Some peoples greatest pleasure is _. A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish3) What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _

19、 the joy with all the Chinese. 4) A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share答案:1.C2.A3.A考點7. Remain to be done 還有待于，還要看-1) It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see2) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old coupl

20、e, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen答案:1.B2.B四. 作定語現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動詞不定式都可作定語，作定語時，看與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系如果構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，（表正在進行），用現(xiàn)在分詞如果構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，（已完成），用過去分詞表將來具體某一次，用動詞不定式： 動名詞作定語，表功能， 如 a swimming pool, a swimming fish, 前者為動名詞，后者為現(xiàn)在分詞五. 作狀語非謂語作狀語時，要看它同句子主語之間的關(guān)系。和句子主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)

21、系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，如：1) The secretary worked all night long, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing和句子主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞作狀語，如：2) _ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.A. Taken B. Taking C. Having taken D. Being taken表示“為了”，常用不等式作狀語，這時

22、，狀語動詞動作發(fā)生時間與句子謂語動作時間相比，是將來，例如：3) _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept分析：例1. Prepare與work是同時的，又是主動，因此選B例2 和句子主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，因此選A例3 和句子主語構(gòu)成主動，又有為了之意， 因此選A考點8. 結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時， 表示一種自然的結(jié)果動詞不定時作結(jié)果狀語， 表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果1) The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into

23、pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February1, 2003, _ all seven astronauts abroad.A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed2) I went to see him, _ him out.A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding3) 【10江蘇】28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school

24、damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _the students to return to their classrooms. wA. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled 1.B2.C3.A考點9. 目的狀語動詞不定式常作目的狀語1) 【2011浙江卷】19. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters. A

25、. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheered D. were cheered2) 【2011重慶卷】29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised答案:1.C2.A考點10. Have- in doing句式Have difficulty/trouble/a probl

26、em/ a good time/a bad time in doing something 中in 可以省略，此時-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞，相當于時間狀語1) You can never imagine what difficulty I have _ your house.A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding2) Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing3) 【

27、08四川卷14】We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment. A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting答案:1.B2.D3.D六. 作補語：非謂語動詞作補語時，要看其與句子賓語之間的關(guān)系考點11. 和賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞作補語， 1) The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing_ should have attracted the local governments attent

28、ion . A. solving B. solved C. to solve D. solve2) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out答案:1.B2.C考點12. 和賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞作補語， catch somebody doing something逮住某人做某事Leave somebody doing somethingFind somebod

29、y doing somethingKeep somebody doing something考點13. 動詞不定式作賓補1. 一感二聽看有五，let, make, have后面賓補不帶to即：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at；,后不帶to不過感官動詞后也可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語，表示看到聽到時動作正在進行；跟省略to 的不定式作賓補時，強調(diào)看到聽到了整個過程或事實例：I saw him run into the building. (整個過程) just then, I heard someone calling

30、for help. (正在進行)2. 常用帶to 的不定式做賓補的動詞Want/ would like/ask/tell/get somebody to do something3. Help 后面賓補可以帶to也可不帶to(其后直接跟賓語時，帶to不帶to均可She often helps her mother ( to) do house work.She often helps ( to) do house work.4. 作賓補時主動語態(tài)中不帶to的變?yōu)楸粍訒r要帶to1) -Why did you sell this old TV at such a low price?-I did

31、only because I was made _ do so.A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing2) Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning3) . The areoplane was noticed _ at six. A. take offB. to take offC. get offD. to get off答案:1.B2.B3.B2. Have 后賓補的幾種情況Have somebody do s

32、omething 讓某人做某事Have somebody doing something讓某人一直做某事Have something done請別人做某事1) Why do you have the water _ all the time?A. ranB. to be runningC. runningD. being running2) You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained3)

33、 Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. writing B. write C. to write D. written4) 【08上海春卷39】If we have illegal immigrants _ in, many local workers will lose their jobs A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come5) 【2011陜西卷】14.Claire had luggage _ an hour before her

34、plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked答案:1.C2.D3.B4.B5.D七. 非謂語的完成式動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞都有完成式。主要是把非謂語的動作和謂語的動作相比較，非謂語的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作的前面。與謂語動作是什么時態(tài)無關(guān)。如：動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式_ a letter, he decided to sent a telegram.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received謂語動作是 decide,

35、非謂語動作是decided;沒有收到來信在先， 然后才決定-Is Bob still performing?-I am afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left謂語動作是is said, 是一般現(xiàn)在時，說明現(xiàn)在情況，非謂語動作是離開舞臺；先離開后來人們才說。動名詞的完成式I remember having lent you $100, but you havent pa

36、id it back.謂語動作是remember,現(xiàn)在記得；而非謂語lent, 應在remember動作之前。不過我們也可說I remember lending you $100. 動名詞的完成式在非正式文體中常用一般式代替。這是動名詞的完成式不?？嫉脑?。過去分詞沒有完成式為什么呢？看下例：_ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell D. Telling非

37、謂語和句子主要構(gòu)成了被動，但B可以理解為現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式八. 非謂語的進行式When the teacher entered ,the pupil pretended to be doing the experiment.He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 1) My son pretended _ when I came back. A. to sleep B. sleepingC. being sleepingD. to be sleeping2) 【2011上海卷】Today we have chat rooms, text messagi

38、ng, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost答案:1.D2B九. 非謂語的被動式1) Who is the man _now?A. operating on B. operated on C. being operated on D. to be operated on2) The building _ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab buil

39、ding.A. to paint B. being painted C. to have painted D. painting3) The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday.A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussedC. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussing4) _ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck,

40、is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Being examined B. Examined C. Examining D. Having been examined 5) We asked _ to work in the countryside.A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending答案:1.C2.B3.C4.A5.A 非謂語動詞強化訓練.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.The children all turned (look)at the f

41、amous actress as she entered the classroom.解析：當那女明星走進教室時，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)身看她。用不定式表目的。答案：to look2.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit(grow) on his own farm.解析：早餐他只喝在自家農(nóng)場種植的新鮮水果制成的果汁。此處用過去分詞作后置定語，表示已經(jīng)完成及被動的意思。答案：grown3.All of them try to use the power of the workstation(present) information in

42、a more effective way.解析：句意：他們都努力使用工作站的力量以便用一種更有效的方式提供情報。to present information in a more effective way是不定式短語作目的狀語。答案：to present4.(bite) twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.解析：由于被咬過兩次，除非我們把狗拴起來，否則那郵遞員不愿意送信給我們。the postman與bite是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作狀語，表被動。答案：Bitten5.A small

43、 plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，(kill) all four people on board.解析：一架小型飛機墜毀于城市以東5公里處的山坡上，機上四人全部死亡。表主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。答案：killing6.With the government's aid，those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.解析：在政府的援助下，那些受地震影響的人們已經(jīng)搬到新的定居點。用過去分詞affected作后置定語修飾

44、those。答案：affected7.Bill suggested (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.解析：比爾建議開會就假期為上海世博會做些什么進行討論。suggest后接動名詞作賓語。答案：holding8.David threatened (report)his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.解析：戴維威脅說，他鄰居如果不賠償損失，他就要報案。threaten后接不定式作賓語且report和David是主

45、動關(guān)系。答案：to report9.(complete) the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.解析：由后半句句意“全體工作人員周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示“為了及時完成那個項目”，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。答案：To complete10.(encourage) by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.解析：受科技進步的鼓舞，許多農(nóng)民已經(jīng)在他們的土地上建造了風力發(fā)電廠。根據(jù)句意，encourage和f

46、armers是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。答案：Encouraged11.When we visited my old family home，memory came(flood) back.解析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。答案：flooding12. (tire) and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.解析：安迪和盧比第一批到達泰山之巔，筋疲力盡且呼吸困難。形容詞作狀語，tired為形容詞化的過去分詞。答案：Tired13. (give) the right kind of t

47、raining，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.解析：如果訓練得當，這些小足球運動員有朝一日可能成為國際級球星。主語players與give是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作條件狀語，相當于if they are given。答案：Given14.The government plans to bring in new laws(force)parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.解析：句意：

48、政府計劃制定新的法律，迫使父母對孩子的教育承擔更多的責任。forcing parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾laws。答案：forcing15.The play(produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.解析：根據(jù)句中時間狀語next month，可知這里表示將要發(fā)生的動作，所以用不定式，動詞produce與主語the play之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以用不定式的被動形式。答案：to

49、 be produced16.I still remember(take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.解析：remember to do sth.記得要做某事(該事情未發(fā)生)；remember doing sth.記得做過某事(該事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生)。依據(jù)后文的“what I saw there”可知這里說的是記得已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情；再者take的賓語就是句子的主語，二者間是動賓關(guān)系，用被動形式，所以選being taken。答案：being taken17.They use computers to keep the traffic(run) s

50、moothly.解析：keep sth. doing表示“使某動作持續(xù)發(fā)生”。 答案：running18.With the world changing fast，we have something new(deal) with all by ourselves every day.解析：不定式在這里作后置定語，修飾something，表示要做的事情。其他選項不合題意。答案：to deal19.Michael's new house is like a huge palace， (compare) with his old one.解析：compare的邏輯主語是句子的主語Michaels new house，且二者之間為動賓關(guān)系，所以應該用過去分詞作狀語。答案：compared20.At the age of 29，Dave was a worker，(live) in a