1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上As 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句，主要出現(xiàn)在一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu)中如such.as， the same.as等，此外它也可以單獨(dú)使用，as在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)such(.)as結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的such既可用作形容詞，作先行詞的定語(yǔ)，即構(gòu)成such+名詞+as”結(jié)構(gòu);也可用作代詞，充當(dāng)as的先行詞，即構(gòu)成such as結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Transistors have such advantages as are described in the book.晶體管具有像本書(shū)所描述的那些優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))She is n

2、ot such a careless student you think she is.她不是你所認(rèn)為的那樣粗心的學(xué)生。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))Such symbols as we often use in mathematics are Greek letters.我們?cè)跀?shù)字中常用的那些符號(hào)是希臘字母。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))The instrument is not such as I saw on the exhibition.這臺(tái)儀器不是我在展覽會(huì)上看到的那種。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，such用作代詞充當(dāng)as的先行詞)因作形容詞的such有時(shí)可以置于先行詞之后，使其和as緊緊連在一起，形成s

3、uch as”結(jié)構(gòu)。實(shí)際上是such作前位定語(yǔ)的一種變體。例如:例如:The library was full of story-books such as boys love. (=The library was full of such story-books as boys love. )圖書(shū)館堆滿了孩子們所喜愛(ài)的那種故事書(shū)。the same (. ) as 結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)基本上和such(.)as相同。same是形容詞，修飾先行詞，也可以是代詞，充當(dāng)as的先行詞。same總是和定冠詞用在一起。例如:It is said that the moon is made of the same

4、kind of matter as exists on the earth.據(jù)說(shuō),月球是由與地球上存在的相同物質(zhì)組成的。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))Although he tried another method, he arrived at the same conclusion as we had.盡管他采用了另一方法,但是他得出的結(jié)論和我們的一樣。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))He is not the same man as he was before.他不是從前那樣的人了。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))It was, of course, just the same with the official a

5、s it had been with the minister.當(dāng)然,這位官員所遇到的情況和那位大臣所遇到的完全一樣。(the same作代詞，作as的先行詞,as在從句中作表語(yǔ))當(dāng)先行詞受same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞亦可用that，但必須注意它們的區(qū)別。用that一般表示從句的內(nèi)容與主句所表示的是“同的”;用as則通常表示“與相似的”意義，從句表示的內(nèi)容與主句的內(nèi)容相似。試比較:This is the same (-the very ) bag that I lost yesterday.這是我 昨天丟失的那個(gè)書(shū)包This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

6、(This bag is like the one that lost yesterday.)這個(gè)書(shū)包和我昨天丟失的書(shū)包相似 。as many as 和 as much as 結(jié)構(gòu)在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)as是副詞，修飾many或much， many或much分別接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。第二個(gè)as是關(guān)系代詞。例如:There are as many books as are needed.凡是需要的書(shū)都有了( as 在從句中作主語(yǔ) )As many books as are on the shelf can be taken as teaching materials.凡在書(shū)架上的書(shū)都可用作教

7、材。(as在從句作主語(yǔ))Take as much paper as you need, but not more than is necessary.按需要取紙,但不要多拿。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的many和much也可用作代詞，充當(dāng)其后as的先行詞。例如:There is plenty of sulfuric acid here, you may take as much as you want.這兒硫酸很多,你可以按需要盡量取用。as. as 和 so. as 結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的第一個(gè)as和so均為副詞，其后緊跟形容詞，形容詞后通常再接帶不定冠詞a(an)的單數(shù)名詞。例如:It w

8、as as pleasant day as I have ever spent.那是我度過(guò)的最愉快的一天。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))Rosey is as good a little creature as can be.羅西是一個(gè)再好不過(guò)的人了。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ),從句中的主語(yǔ)anybody被省略)We witnessed so great a parade as nobody ever dreamt of in preliberation days.我們親眼看到過(guò)在解放前做夢(mèng)也想不到的那樣大規(guī)模的游行。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以和such.結(jié)構(gòu)換用但必須注意不定冠詞as，的位置。例如

9、:Here is so big stone as no man can lift.(=Here is such a big store as no man can lift. )這兒有一塊沒(méi)人能拿得起的大石頭as單獨(dú)使用所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as亦可單獨(dú)引出限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是在含義上與那些固定，結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同罷了。例如:She fought against it, like a brave woman as she was.像她過(guò)去那樣她勇敢地挺身而出極力反對(duì)這件事。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))From every corner of the island little people came to see

10、 Man-mountain as they called Gulliver. 小人們從海島的四面八方來(lái)看這位被稱(chēng)為人山”的格利佛。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as常用以代替整個(gè)主句或者主句的一部分，as在從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。從句的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如:As is mentioned above, a strengthened field is created where the lines of force in the two magnetic fields are parallel and have t

11、he same direction.如上所述，兩個(gè)磁場(chǎng)的磁力線相互平行且方向相同時(shí)，就形成了一個(gè)加強(qiáng)的磁場(chǎng)。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))Metals have many good properties, as has been stated before.金屬具有許多良好的性能,這在前面已經(jīng)講了。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))Carbon monoxide is poisonous, as are the gases we are going to discuss in the next chapter.像下一章中要討論的氣體一樣,一氧化碳也是有毒的。(as代替主句中的表語(yǔ)poisonous,并在從句中作表

12、語(yǔ))Gunpowder, as we all know, was invented in ancient China大家知道火藥是中國(guó)古代發(fā)明的。(as代替整個(gè)主句并在從句中作賓語(yǔ))Gasoline is combustible, as are all of the liquids listed in the following section.汽油是易燃的,下一節(jié)里所列的那些液體也都是易燃的。(as代替主句的表語(yǔ)部分,并在從句中作表語(yǔ))在as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)as作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，常出現(xiàn)省略助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)象，即常使用簡(jiǎn)略被動(dòng)式。這種形式也可以靈活地放在句首、句中或句末

13、。例如:The cost of manufacture increases rapidly as the tolerances are reduced, as indicated by the typical curve of the figure.如圖中的典型曲線所示,生產(chǎn)成本隨公差的減少而迅速增加。As mentioned above, an object has positive charge when it has lost electrons.如上所述，物體失去電子時(shí)帶正電荷。Levers and pulleys, as shown in the experiment, change

14、 motion from one direction to another. 如實(shí)驗(yàn)所示杠桿和滑輪可改變運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句比較靈活可以放在句首、句中或句末(見(jiàn)以上例句);而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如:Metals are good conductors of electricity, which means that they have more free electrons than other substances.金屬良導(dǎo)體,這意味著它們比其他物質(zhì)有更多的自由電子。Light travels i

15、n straight lines, which explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object. 光以直線傳播這說(shuō)明了光經(jīng)過(guò)物體時(shí)陰影形成的原因。成分as在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(見(jiàn)以上例句)而which，除了能作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)外，還能作定語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如:To find the pressure we divide the force by the area on which it press, which gives us the force per unit area.要求壓強(qiáng),則把力除

16、以它所作用的面積,從而得出單位面積的力。(第一個(gè)which作介詞on的賓語(yǔ),第二個(gè)作主語(yǔ))He admires Mrs Brown, which I find strange.他欽佩布朗夫我對(duì)此感到奇怪。(which作主語(yǔ))The resistivity of most insulators decreases with an increase in temperature, for which reason the temperatures in insulated conductors must be kept reasonably low.大多數(shù)絕緣體的電阻率隨溫度升高而減少,因此,被絕

17、緣的導(dǎo)體的溫度必須保持適當(dāng)?shù)汀?which作定語(yǔ))The steel must be held at furnace temperature for sufficient time to dissolve the carbides in the austenite, after which, the steel can be cooled.鋼件一定要在爐溫下保持足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,以使碳化物溶解到奧氏體中,然后才可使鋼體冷卻。(which作介詞after賓語(yǔ))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，as與which雖都可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，但兩者有區(qū)別。當(dāng)從句所修飾的主句的內(nèi)容是從句

18、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者或者說(shuō)是從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容的結(jié)果時(shí)，通常用as；當(dāng)其所修飾的主句所述的內(nèi)容是從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或者說(shuō)是從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容的起因時(shí)，則通常用which。例如:He saw the girl, which delighted him.他見(jiàn)到了這個(gè)姑娘,這使他很高興。He saw the girl, as(*which) he had hoped.他見(jiàn)到了這個(gè)姑娘，這是他所希望的。但是當(dāng)which本身帶有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這時(shí)which就成了從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，但起著其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用。例如:Salt is crystallized from sea

19、 water, which is known to be a physical change.鹽是從海水中結(jié)晶出來(lái)的,這被認(rèn)為是一種物理變化。All forces occur in pair, which may conveniently be spoken of as action and reaction.所有的力都是成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的,這可以很方便地談到作用和反作用的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)然無(wú)論語(yǔ)法規(guī)則還是表達(dá)習(xí)慣，總會(huì)有例外。我們偶爾還是可以見(jiàn)到關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)而直接作及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象的情況。例如:Light from common sources is a mixture of light of many different colours or frequencies, which can be proved by breaking up a beam of light with a prism.來(lái)自普通光源的光是許多不同顏色或頻率的混合光,這可用棱鏡來(lái)分解光加以證實(shí)。Water consists of molecules composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the fo