1、TPO7 (passage two)Ancient Rome and GreeceTopic- History & civilizationBackground information 羅馬是世界上四大文明古國之一，羅馬世界具有世界上最強(qiáng)大的凝聚力。羅馬人對土地的熱愛培養(yǎng)了羅馬美德。現(xiàn)代人對羅馬的態(tài)度褒貶不一。有些人認(rèn)為羅馬文明模仿復(fù)制希臘文明。也有人認(rèn)為認(rèn)為羅馬文明繼承和發(fā)展了希臘文明。paragraph 1-new wordsCohesivenessn. 粘合, 聚合; 團(tuán)結(jié)Peculiarlyadv. 獨特地, 有特色地; Monolithicadj. 獨塊巨石的; 龐大的garriso

2、nn. 守備隊, 要塞, 駐軍utterlyadv. 完全, 絕對, 全然Question1 1.Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, a

3、nd psychological controls. Physical, organizational and physical controls boned the various parts of Roman realm into a massive entity.Question2 The physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, and the network of stone-built roads. The organizational bonds were based on the common prin

4、ciples of law and administration.main idea 第1段：羅馬文明具有其他文明無法比擬的凝聚力：由物理的、組織的和精神的束縛形成。paragraph 2-new wordsobsessionn. 迷住, 困擾Scattered adj. 分散的assemblev. 集合; 聚集; 集會territorialadj. 領(lǐng)土的, 土地的starkadv. 完全地， 明顯地legionn. 軍團(tuán), 眾多的人, 軍隊Question3 The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well hav

5、e lain in the pattern of Romes early development. obsession with -an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone.Question5Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in the Greeks had found the greatest territorial conqueror of all time; and the Romans, once they moved outsid

6、e Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. main idea 第2段:希臘與羅馬文明發(fā)展模式的對比paragraph 3-new wordsinstinctn. 本能territorial imperativen. 對土地的渴望attachmentn. 附屬; 感情的依屬fosterv. 養(yǎng)育; 培養(yǎng); 撫育Question6 In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders, fostered t

7、he Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, peitas, a sense of devotion to family and country, and iustitia, a sense of the natural order. foster （verb） to take care of a child, usually for a limited time, without being the childs legal parent: to encourage the development or growth of id

8、eas or feelings -from Cambrige Dictionaries OnlineQuestion7 In all probability it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a land-based society.

9、main idea 第3段：對羅馬現(xiàn)象的解釋paragraph 4-new wordsinfinitely adv. 無限地; 無窮地thoroughadj. 十分的, 徹底的worshipper n. 崇拜者predisposev. 預(yù)先安排, 偏向于subtletyn. 稀薄, 精明, 微妙noveltyn. 新穎, 新鮮, 新奇disdain n. 輕蔑, 鄙視; 驕傲自大epistlen. 書信Question8 As always, there are the power worshippers, especially among historians, who are predis

10、posed to admire whatever is strong, who feel more attracted to the might of Rome than to the subtlety of Greece. Question10 had the Greeks held novelty in such disdain as we,” asked Horace in his epistle, “what work of ancient date would now exist?” If the Greeks had held novelty in such disdain as

11、we, what work of ancient date would now exist?main idea 第4段：人們對羅馬的態(tài)度不一樣paragraph 5-6-new wordsenormousadj. 巨大的successorn. 繼承者；后續(xù)的事物speculative philisophyn. 思辨哲學(xué)spheren. 球體，范圍，領(lǐng)域calibern. 才能Question11 The Roman genius was projected into new spheresespecially into those of law, military organization,

12、administration, and engineering. N-COUNT a particular area of activity or interests. -Collins bilingual dictionaryQuestion12 It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.Question13 從前有座山,山里有座廟,廟里有個老和尚. They esteem symbols of Roman power, such as the massive Colosseum.main idea 第5,6段：客觀評價羅馬文明：一方面，它確實受到許多希臘的影響；另一方面，在一些領(lǐng)域羅馬有自己的創(chuàng)新passages on the same topicTPO 07：Ancient Rome and GreeceTPO 14：Maya Water ProblemsTPO 18：Industrializ