1、The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator."In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. Themilkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher ( 肉商 ), the baker, and the ice-

2、cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sundaymeatwould last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的 ) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable

3、in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed - natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.What refrigeration did promote was marketing - marketing hardware and electricity, m

4、arketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the world s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessa

5、ry. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside anartificially-heated house - while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.-The fridge s effectupon the environment has been evident, whil

6、e its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and mm off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers(漢堡包 ), but at leastyou ll get rid of that terrible hum.練習題：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The

7、statement "In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed welland healthily." suggests that_.A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in hisfifties.B.the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties.C.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s.D.the

8、fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before theinvention of fridges?A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.

9、D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A. Inventors.B. Consumers.C. Manufacturers.D. Travelling salesmen.4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates thefridge s negative effect on thevironment?A. “Hum aw

10、ay continuously ”.B. “Climatically almost unnecessary”.C.“Artificially-cooled space ”.D.“With mild temperatures”.5.What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?A. Neutral.B. Critical.C. Objective.D. Compromising.1.C 句意理解題。由句中的childhood 可知， fifties 指的應該是50 年代，而不可能是 50 多歲，據(jù)此可排除 A、B;fridgeless 是合成詞，由詞根 fridge" 冰箱”和表示否定的后綴 -less 組成，由可推斷其意為“無冰箱的 "，故 C 正確。2.D 事實細節(jié)題。在第2 段中，說到“不會浪費東西 ”前，作者指出把吃剩的面包和牛奶做成蛋糕，以防止浪費，故D 正確。 A、C在文中并未提及，排除 ;B 所述并非不浪費食物的原因，也可排除。 3.B 觀點態(tài)度題。綜觀全文，作者對認為冰箱不是必備品，最后一段更明確指出，它對人類幸福的貢獻微不足道，故可推斷，消費者從冰箱中獲益最少，故B 正確。4.A 詞義理解題。 A 中的 hum 指"發(fā)出嗡嗡聲 ",表明冰箱產(chǎn)生的嗓音，是