1、English for Academic Purposesfor Doctoral StudentsClass 5 Conference Presentation; Basics of Academic WritingContentsIntroducing Your Research2Basics of Academic Writing3Conference Presentation1A Good / Bad PresentationvWhat is the best / worst presentation you have been to?vWhy was it so good / awf

2、ul?Personal ExperiencePreparednessNoveltyConference PresentationvPreparation Audience Displays PracticevPresentation Tips Stage fright AudiencePreparation: Have Audience in MindvPeople will be both intelligent and interested in what you have to say, vbut they may be unfamiliar with your research are

3、a.vSo put your material in a context that the audience can relate toHave Audience in MindvListeners cannot re-read when they get confused about your talk. vDo not flood the audience with more than they can absorb. K.I.S.S. (keep it simple stupid)vFocus on getting key points across: What, at the abso

4、lute minimum, do I want people to walk away with from my talk?Preparation: DisplaysvRepeat Key Insights: the rule of “Tellem” Tell them what you are going to tell them (Forecast), Tell them, Tell them what you have told them (Summary).Displays (Outline)vTitle, author, affiliation (1 slide)vForecast

5、/ Outline (1 slide)vBackground Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides) Related Work (1 slide)vMethods (1 slide)vResults (4-6 slides) Main body of talk: Key results and key insightsvSummary (1 slide) Conclusion you wish people to drawvFuture Work (0-1 slides)vBackup Slides (0-3 slides)Displays:

6、 easy to readvNot too much text on each pagevBullets rather than paragraphsvSmallest text: 26-pt fontvSpace between lines (=8 lines / slide)vIf it will not fit, scrap or start a new slidevUse color to highlight key wordsDisplays (continued)vUse equations only sparingly, if at all hard to understand

7、quickly at most one, simplified as much as possible the proof is in the papervHave someone proofread your slides grammar, spelling, and punctuationPreparation: PracticevPractice by yourself Get timing correct (speaking aloud) Gain confidencePractice (continued)vPractice with an audience Check your v

8、isuals Check your mannerisms Check the volume and tone of your voice Take criticism well & make changes Helps with confidenceConference PresentationvPreparation Audience Displays PracticevPresentation Tips Stage fright AudiencePresentation: TipsvAids and equipmentvPlace to stand (moving, but not

9、 too much)vTalking instead of readingvUse of hand gesturesvUse of the laser pointervShowing enthusiasm!vWatching your time!Presentation: TipsvClear and logical structure Linking phrases, e.g., “Now Im going to talk about ” “At this stage, I want to show that ” “We have just seen that and now we will

10、 also see that ”Presentation: Dealing with NervesvScript first few sentencesvBreathe deeplyvSmile and make eye contact: audience scanvTalk to audience as if they are friendsPresentation: Keeping the Audience InvolvedvRelating to your audiences interestsvGood eye contactvBody languagevWell-balanced v

11、ocal varietyv做好“國際學(xué)術(shù)會議報告”的幾點技巧（tips) Conference PresentationvPreparation Audience Displays PracticevPresentation Tips Stage fright AudienceContentsIntroducing Your Research2Basics of Academic Writing3Conference Presentation1Presentation: Your Research FieldvTo relate to audiences interestvTo tell a

12、story: why your project is worth conductingvSample structure Motivation (1 slide) Related Work & Gap (1-2 slides) Problem Statement (1 slide)vExample (first 4.5 slides)ContentsIntroducing Your Research2Basics of Academic Writing3Conference Presentation1vThe writing of an accurate, understandable

13、 paper is just as important as the research itself. - Robert A. Day, How to Write and Publish a Scientific PaperBasics of Academic WritingvSentence CohesionvParagraph UnityvAcademic WritingSentence CohesionCohesion: connection between sentencesvHow can your writing be more cohesive?vRepetitionvSynon

14、ym / AntonymvPronounsvCollocation (a commonly paired word to connect one sentence to another, e.g., doctor & nurse)vMarkers of sequence (e.g., first, next, then)vTransitions (e.g., however, moreover, therefore)vTheme and RhemevMost sentences in English have two parts: a theme (or topic) a rheme

15、(or comment)vtheme: what you are writing about (shared information) vrheme: what you are saying about the theme (new information)vIn English the theme usually comes at the beginning of the sentence and the rheme at the end.Theme & Rheme: Flow of InfovI was born in Glasgow. Glasgow is the largest

16、 city in Scotland. The rheme of S1 (which is now shared information) becomes the theme of S2.vI was born in Glasgow. The largest city in Scotland is Glasgow. New information is the theme of S2.vWhich pattern is preferred? a b / b c / c d Theme & Rheme: Two PatternsFeels disjointed and less cohes

17、ivepreferredv本文將兩期之間健康自評變化量（health_ch）作為健康變化的主要度量指標，當健康自評變化量為負的時候，意味健康情況好轉(zhuǎn)，當健康自評變化量為正的時候，意味健康情況惡化。vThe primary metric is change in the self-rated health status between the beginning and the end of a period (health_ch). When health_ch is negative, it means ones health improves and .v. Ones health imp

18、roves when it is negative and .v. It is negative when ones health improves and .Theme & Rheme: Academic ExamplevLignocellulose is the most widespread and abundant source of carbon in nature, and it is considered the preferred biomass for the production of bioethanol, as it has significant benefi

19、ts 1,2. However, the main technological impediment to more widespread utilization of lignocellulose for bioethanol production has been the lack of low-cost technologies to 2,3.Theme & Rheme: Academic ExamplevLignocellulose is the most widespread and abundant source of carbon in nature, and it is

20、 considered the preferred biomass for the production of bioethanol, as it has significant benefits 1,2. However, the main technological impediment to more its widespread use utilization of lignocellulose for bioethanol production has been impeded by the lack of low-cost technologies to 2,3.Theme &am

21、p; Rheme: Academic ExampleParagraph UnityvTopic sentence: a single generalization that serves as the focus of attentionvEvery other sentence must contain more specific information than the topic sentence, and maintain the same focus of attention as the topic sentenceTopic Sentencev“First Sentence Ru

22、le”: The first sentence of each paragraph should explain what the paragraph is about, and reading ONLY the first sentences should tell you the progression of ideas from one paragraph to the next the story line.First Sentence Rule: my examplevStudies examining score inflation, though still few in num

23、ber, can be classified into two groups. The majority rest on the assumption . These studies have produced fairly consistent results: large gains on high-stakes tests are often .vTwo studies showed severe inflation on the high-stakes test used in Kentucky in the 1990s. The statewide, fourth-grade rea

24、ding mean score increased by (Hambleton, et al., 1995). The states grade 4 math gains from 1992 to 1996 were 0.17 standard deviation on NAEP, compared with (Koretz and Barron, 1998). .The first sentence should say what the paragraph is about. It should not be a finding from a study not yet introduce

25、d.First Sentence Rule: my examplevStudies examining score inflation, though still few in number, can be classified into two groups. The majority rest on the assumption . These studies have produced fairly consistent results: large gains on high-stakes tests are often .vThis pattern of score inflatio

26、n has been found in a number of individual state testing programs. Two studies showed severe inflation on the high-stakes test used in Kentucky in the 1990s. The statewide, fourth-grade reading mean score increased by (Hambleton, et al., 1995). The states grade 4 math gains from 1992 to 1996 were 0.

27、17 standard deviation on NAEP, .First Sentence Rule: my examplevTeachers in disadvantaged schools on the whole may be less qualified than teachers in more privileged schools. For instance, even though the gap in teacher qualifications between high- and low-poverty schools in the New York City (NYC)

28、remarkably narrowed between 2000 and 2005, the high-poverty schools still had a larger percentage of teachers with less than three years of NYC teaching experience and a larger percentage of teachers who failed the state teacher certification exam on their first attempt. Teachers in the high-poverty

29、 schools also still had lower scores on the SAT exams (Boyd et al., 2008). .This is an example of a good first sentencethe reader knows right away what the paragraph is about. It fits the first sentence rule.Paragraph UnityvTopic sentence serves as the focus of attentionvEvery other sentence maintai

30、ns the same focus of attention as the topic sentence- 我這段不知道該怎么寫topic sentence- 你這段寫的是什么呢？- 我就是概述了幾種分析方法- Paragraph Unity:vIf you cannot come up with a topic sentence, check whether your paragraph has more than one focus of attention.vIf that is the case, either remove sentences that do not belong or divide the paragraph into two or more.Same Focus of Attention和老師課上講的一樣，我寫這個就給忘了Academic WritingvAcademic writing is more formal than other types of writing, and follows ce