1、I. Forms主動形式主動形式被動形式被動形式現(xiàn)在分詞一現(xiàn)在分詞一般式般式doingbeing done現(xiàn)在分詞完現(xiàn)在分詞完成式成式having donehaving been done 過去分詞過去分詞 done其否定形式其否定形式 not+分詞短語分詞短語Usage of the Participle 謂語 表語 定語 賓語補(bǔ)足語1. 狀語 1. 謂語 You should have told us earlier. They are playing badminton.They like playing badminton.動名詞動名詞主語、賓語（介詞賓語）、表語、主語、賓語（介詞賓語

2、）、表語、合成名詞合成名詞2. 表語表語The news is very inspiring.You shouldnt try to stand up if you are badly hurt.This composition is well written.Adj. 形容詞形容詞My job is planting the lotus. (job= planting the lotus) n. 名詞名詞3. 定語定語(1). 前置定語前置定語： eg. He told us the exciting news. The excited students jumped with joy.表示

3、情感心理活動的及物動詞的分詞可以修飾名詞做前置定語。如：amusing/amused tiring/tired shocking/shocked disappointing/disappointed不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行中的動作；動詞的過去分詞表示已被完成的中的動作；動詞的過去分詞表示已被完成的動作。動作。 boiling water developing country boiled water developed country changing situation moving train changed situation writ

4、ten English risen sun falling leaves rising sun fallen leaves(2). 后置定語后置定語: eg. a girl sitting there These plastic bottles used can be recycled. Scientists are trying to develop a material having similar properties as spider silk.These plastic bottles which were used can be recycled.Scientists are t

5、rying to develop a material which has similar properties as spider silk.動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別 sleeping baby sleeping car flying bird flying school baby who is sleeping car which is used for sleeping bird which is flying school for training pilots The picture which hangs on the wall was painte

6、d by a famous artist. We will take the bus which is waiting by the roadside to go to the Ocean Park. There is a red car parked outside the house.The picture hanging on the wall was painted by a famous artist.Well take the bus waiting by the roadside to go to the Ocean Park.There is a red car which i

7、s parked outside the house.The essay which has been translated into Chinese reads well.The essay having been translated into Chinese reads well.The essay translated into Chinese reads well.現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式（現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式（having been done）不作定語來修飾名詞，而用過去分詞（不作定語來修飾名詞，而用過去分詞（done）作名詞修飾語。作名詞修飾語。Fill in the blanks wi

8、th “build”The art center _ now will be twenty storeys high.The art center _ last year is twenty storeys high.1. The art center _ next year will be twenty storeys high. being built built to be built4.賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語(1). 現(xiàn)在分詞通常用在感官動詞現(xiàn)在分詞通常用在感官動詞see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, feel 之后，之后，表示動作正在發(fā)

9、生，（即處于發(fā)生過程中，表示動作正在發(fā)生，（即處于發(fā)生過程中，還沒有結(jié)束）如還沒有結(jié)束）如:I found my wallet missing.Suddenly I heard someone knocking gently at the door.I saw the girl getting on the tractor.能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常見動詞有這些，看看有什么常見動詞有這些，看看有什么好方法可以將它們記?。汉梅椒梢詫⑺鼈冇涀。簃ake、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、find、feel

10、。對了，用對了，用“三讓、三看、三讓、三看、兩聽、注意發(fā)現(xiàn)感覺兩聽、注意發(fā)現(xiàn)感覺”。多簡單！多簡單?。?）在在“使役使役”動詞或動詞或“致使致使”動詞后面，動詞后面，如如catch,have,keep,get,leave,make 等后接等后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示主動意義，在現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示主動意義，在get,have,make 等后接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足等后接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動意義。語表示被動意義。The police had a hard time keeping the traffic moving. He kept his eyes shut. We have th

11、e fire burning all day. He had his foot injured in the fall. His words left me wondering what he was driving at. He was found injured at the foot of the cliff.(3).在動詞在動詞like,want,wish結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用過去結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 I want the work (to be) finished. He didnt like his novel (to be) discussed in the

12、 newspapers. 5. 狀語狀語 Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats.Qs: 1.Who returned home later? 2.Who learned that the police had been to the flats? 3.Which action happened first? 4.Which action happened later?my friendmy friendreturn homelearn1.Hearing the cry for

13、help, he rushed out.（時間）（時間）= When he heard the cry for help, he rushed out.2.Having finished doing his homework, he goes on to watch TV.= When he has finished doing his homework, he goes on to watch TV.3. Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(條件條件)= If you see from the hill, you can get

14、 the whole town.相當(dāng)于狀語從句相當(dāng)于狀語從句 He read a magazine, waiting for the bus.(伴隨伴隨) Boiled, the water can be drunk.= If it is boiled, the water can be drunk Given more time , I can finish all the work.Thinking that the petrol in the car would catch fire, they ran to the damaged car and pulled Tom out of i

15、t. (原因原因)= They ran to the damaged car and pulled Tom out of it, because they thought that the petrol in the car would catch fire.= He read a magazine and waited for the bus. The farmer came riding by and lent him a hand. (方式方式)總結(jié)總結(jié)分詞作狀語可以表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，分詞作狀語可以表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，伴隨等狀況，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從讓步，伴隨等

16、狀況，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。句。注：分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子的主注：分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子的主語必須保持一致。語必須保持一致。Practice Join the two sentences togetherHe rushed to help the girl.He saw her fall.Seeing her fall, he rushed to help her.She screamed excitedly.She ran towards the rock star.Screaming excitedly, she ran towards the rock star.

17、Two actions happen almost at the same time.（伴隨狀語）（伴隨狀語）or orShe ran towards the rock star, screaming excitedly.PracticeWe saw an accident.We were waiting for a taxi.Waiting for a taxi, we saw an accident.Mrs Marsh felt tired.She went to bed.Feeling tired, Mrs Marsh went to bed.Notes used as adverbia

18、l.1. 先找句中主語，判斷該主語與該動詞之間的關(guān)系。分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語 必須與主句主語一致。 A)主動， 不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后-doing ； 強(qiáng)調(diào)先后-having done B)被動， 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)-done 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作-having beenExercise:Exercise:_ （read）the sad story, tears came down her cheeks.When she readShe readingReading 2.再看再看逗號前后逗號前后，尤其，尤其后后有無連詞，除有無連詞，除If,when,while,on,in 等幾個常見詞等幾個常見詞可保存外，其余連詞要省略

19、，可保存外，其余連詞要省略，若不省，則用從句表達(dá)。若不省，則用從句表達(dá)。 1. He _ (be) an engineer,so he knew how to run the machine.2. On (get) to school,he met Tom. (On = As soon as)3. In (read) newspapers,I saw a mouse coming. (In = While) wasgetting reading以下從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句的主語和主句的主語相同以下從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句的主語和主句的主語相同時，可以省略相關(guān)動詞（尤其是時，可以省略相關(guān)動詞（尤其是be），

20、直接接現(xiàn)在），直接接現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，不定式，或名詞，形容詞，介詞分詞、過去分詞，不定式，或名詞，形容詞，介詞等。等。 when, while, till, until, where, wherever, though even if, however, whether, since, than, as, as if if, unlessV-ing的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致The town as it is seen from the top of the mountain is a wonderful sight.He enjoyed swimming when

21、he was a young man.She opened her lips as if she wanted to say something.Practice:1.Mrs Fu burned her dress. (while/when) She was ironing it.2. Flowers danced in the gentle breeze as if they were giving encouragement to the people working in the fields.While/When ironing her dress, Mrs Fu burned it.

22、Flowers danced in the gentle breeze as if giving encouragement to the people working in the fields.3. This must be kept till it is called for. 4.She opened her lips as if to say something. 5. Although the youngest of the class, he won all the prizes. This must be kept till called for.She opened her

23、lips as if she wanted to say something.Although he was the youngest of the class, he won all the prizes.分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞帶上自己的邏輯主語，由名詞通格和代詞主格表示，位于分詞結(jié)構(gòu)前，稱為獨(dú)立主格，可以表示時間、原因、條件或伴隨狀態(tài)。The train coming in, they formed a line.It being Sunday, there was no school.Weather permitting, well have the party in

24、the garden.He watched the scene, his mouth being wide open.“With”引出的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)引出的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) The road is beautiful, with trees and flowers growing well here and there.With so many difficulties overcome, Dick felt pleased with his employees.With a number of challenges to face, Jane felt much pressure on her shoulder. 現(xiàn)在分詞有一般時和完成時?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般時和完成時。 一般時表示動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作一般時表示動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；完成時（同時發(fā)生；完成時（having