1、Reference for Teaching一、異域風(fēng)情1.Valentine's DayValentine's Day(情人節(jié))is named for Saint Valentine,an early Christian churchman who reportedly helped young lovers.Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1 700 years ago,but the day that has his name is even earlier

2、than that.More than 2 000 years ago,the ancient Romans celebrated(慶祝)a holiday for lovers.As part of the celebration,girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container.Boys reached into the container and pulled one out.The girl whose name was written on the paper became his

3、 lover or sweetheart for a year.Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine's Day cards that tell of their love.Sometimes they also send gifts,like flowers or chocolate candy.Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system.But some use

4、another way to send this message.They have it printed in a newspaper.The cost is usually a few dollars.Some of the messages are simple and short,“Jane,I love you very much.”O(jiān)thers say more.This one,for example,“Don,roses are red.Violets(紫羅蘭)are blue.I hope you love me as much as I love you.Forever,M

5、ary.”Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local,but USA Today is sold throughout the United States and 90 other countries as well.This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world.These messages cost 80 dollars and more.

6、An employee(職員)of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year.Will this kind of Valentine's Day message reach the one you love?Well,just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.2.Cluster-of-lights FestivalPeople travel enormous distances just

7、 to be home with their families for this happiest and most important of Hindu holidays.And the homes look inviting,too,throughout the late-autumn week of Diwali,especially at night,as celebrants line window sills,porches,and garden walls with long rows of tiny earthenware oil lamps,whose cotton wick

8、s give off a soft,pulsating glow.Diwali is a sort of New Year,at which time people strive to settle old feuds and quarrels and,if they can afford it,buy brand-new clothes in which to celebrate.In the mountain region,bonfires devour the year's accumulation of combustible garbage;in many cities,fi

9、reworks dance across the sky.The festivities honor the victory of Ramaan avatar of the love-god Vishnuover the ten-headed demon who had stolen Rama's wife,Sita.Devotional music and lamp-lighting ceremonies give way to vegetarian feasts,games of chance,and the exchanging of gifts,usually fruits o

10、r sweets.Some Hindu temples display towers of pastries fifteen feet high.二、知識歸納春節(jié)the Spring Festival正月the first month of the lunar year除夕New Year's Eve正月初一the lunar New Year's Day元宵節(jié)the Lantern Festival過年celebrate the Spring Festival春聯(lián)Spring Festival couplets剪紙paper-cuts年畫New Year paintings買

11、年貨do Spring Festival shopping敬酒propose a toast燈籠lantern煙花fireworks爆竹firecrackers燈謎riddles written on lanterns燈會exhibit of lanterns守歲staying-up拜年pay New Year call;give New Year's greetings;New Year's visit壓歲錢gift money辭舊歲bid farewell to the old year掃房spring cleaning;general house-cleaning年糕Ni

12、an-gao;rice cake;New Year's cake團(tuán)圓飯family reunion dinner年夜飯the dinner on New Year's Eve餃子Jiao-zi;dumpling湯圓Tang-yuan;dumplings made of sweet rice,rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings金玉滿堂Treasures fill the home.生意興隆Business flourishes.歲歲平安Peace all year round.恭喜發(fā)財(cái)

13、Wish you prosperity.和氣生財(cái)Harmoney brings wealth.心想事成May all your wishes come true.吉祥如意Everything goes well.招財(cái)進(jìn)寶Money and treasures will be plentiful.祝你一帆風(fēng)順！Wish you every success!事業(yè)成功，家庭美滿！Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!祝你在新的一年里快樂幸福！Wish you happiness and prosperity in t

14、he coming year!祝你幸福一年勝似一年！May each year bring you greater happiness!祝你新年快樂，萬事如意！Wish you a happy New Year and the best of everything!祝你新年大吉！Wish you good luck in the New Year!祝你在新的一年里百尺竿頭，更進(jìn)一步！Wish you further progress in the New Year!愿數(shù)不盡的幸福和成功與歲同增！May each year bring you greater happiness and grea

15、ter success!“目的”的方法歸納(1)用“介詞或介詞短語”來表示目的：“目的”，因for有“為了”之意。e.g.go for a walk去散步run for one's life逃命read for pleasure讀書以求樂趣Why do you come?你來干什么？For a dictionary.找本字典?！皐hatfor”句型，表示“為什么，為何目的”？e.g.What do you study English for?你為什么學(xué)習(xí)英語？What didn't you come for?你不來的目的是什么？C.用with/for the purpose o

16、f,for the sake of,in the hope of等短語表示目的，因?yàn)檫@些短語本身就是“為了”之意。e.g.Today's advertisements often start with a question,or a puzzle,with the purpose of attracting the reader's attraction.今天的廣告常常以一個(gè)問句或一個(gè)謎語開頭，目的是引起讀者的注意。He therefore loaded the ship with liters of winegar for the purpose of cleaning th

17、e inside of the ship.因此，他在船上裝了好幾升的醋，用來清洗船艙內(nèi)部。(2)用“不定式或不定式短語”來表示目的：to/in order to/so as to do sth.均可表目的，但in order to和so as to 比to語氣更強(qiáng)烈，目的更明確。in order to可以放在句首，而so as to一 般不放于句首，若否定目的狀語時(shí)，可在to 前加not。e.g.We got up early to catch the bus.為了趕車，我們起得很早。Soapy broke the window in order to/so as to/to run away

18、.為了逃跑，蘇比打破了窗子。In order to fetch wood,people had to walk many kilometres.要打柴，村民們得走好多公里的路程。(3)用“從句”來表示目的。so that 和in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。從句中常用can,could,may,might等情態(tài)動詞，兩者?？苫Q，但in order that 可放于句首，so that不行。但so that后面不跟情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。e.g.Speak clearly so that/in order that they may/can understand you.

19、講清楚些，好讓他們聽懂。She learns English so that she may get more knowledge.她學(xué)英語是為了獲得更多的知識。Everybody lent a hand,so that the work was finished on time.人人動手，結(jié)果按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。注：in order to/so as to作目的狀語?？珊蚷n order that/so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句互換，但主語必須一致，如主語不一致，不定式就要用for引出其邏輯主語。e.g.He has to work hard so that/in order that he&

20、#39;ll be able to exam.=He has to work hard to/in order to/so as to pass the exam.她努力學(xué)習(xí)，以便能通過考試。I'll water the plants so that they will grow.=I'll water the plants for them to grow.我澆灌植物，以便他們生長。(1)vt穿衣服。表示自己穿衣服這個(gè)動作時(shí)，接反身代詞作賓語或者用作不及物動詞；表示替別人穿衣服時(shí)，接表示人的名詞或代詞作賓語。構(gòu)成dress sb./oneself結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.After th

21、e bath,he dressed himself.洗完澡后，他穿上衣服。She hurriedly dressed her son and took him to the kindergarten.她匆匆忙忙地給她兒子穿好衣服，然后帶他到幼兒園。B.用過去分詞作表語，表示穿著狀況。e.g.He is well dressed.他穿得很好。The man is poorly dressed.那人衣衫襤褸。的衣服，后面接表示衣服或者顏色的詞。e.g.She was dressed in white.她穿著白衣服。The two foreign students were both dressed

22、 in Chinese style clothes.那兩個(gè)外國學(xué)生都穿著中式衣服。(2)vi.A.穿衣；穿(夜)禮服，后面常接副詞或表示目的、場合的介詞短語。e.g.Get up and dress quickly.快起床穿衣。I'll be ready in a moment;I'm dressing.我一會兒就準(zhǔn)備好；我正在穿衣服。Few people dress for dinner now.現(xiàn)在很少有人穿禮服赴宴了。They all dressed well(badly).他們穿得都不錯(cuò)(不好)。B.dress up穿上盛裝，喬裝打扮(指歐美人在化裝舞會或演戲時(shí)穿的特殊

23、服裝)。e.g.Don't bother to dress upcome as you are.用不著穿講究衣服就穿平常的衣服來吧。(3)n.女服；禮服；服裝dress作“女服”“禮服”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，作“服裝”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。e.g.At the palace ball,all the women wore their smartest dresses.在宮廷舞會上，所有的婦女都穿著最漂亮的衣(禮)服。In this old play,the actors wear the dress of 100 years ago.在這出舊戲中，演員們都穿著一百年前人們穿的服裝。He doe

24、sn't care much about dress.他不太注意衣著。三、詞語辨析1.allow,permit,let,promise(1)allow和permit都表示“允許某人做某事”，后面跟名詞、動名詞作賓語，跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但allow多表示“聽任，不阻止或默許”，即主語對別人所做的事情置之不管，表示一種“消極”的概念。而permit多表示一種“積極”的概念，含有“給予某人某種權(quán)利”的意思，多用于正式場合。(2)let表示“讓”，多用于口語，“允許”的意味較淡，后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)省略to。e.g.Please let them set off at once.叫他們立刻出發(fā)吧。

25、Who let the man enter the room?誰讓那人進(jìn)來的？(3)promise“答應(yīng)某人做某事”。e.g.I promise you to leave.我答應(yīng)你(我)走。比較I allow you to leave.我允許你走。2.nation,country,statenation,country,state三詞都有“國家”的意思，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。nation著重指人民。因此可譯作“民族”“國民(總稱)”。e.g.This is good news for the tobacco company,but bad news for the health of the nati

26、on.這對煙草公司來說是好消息，而對全民的健康來說則是壞消息。The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.當(dāng)全國人民聽到這個(gè)噩耗時(shí)，都沉浸在深切的悲痛之中。the Chinese nation中華民族country著重指疆土、國土、家園，也可指一個(gè)人的祖國或國籍所在國。e.g.China is a socialist country.中國是一個(gè)社會主義國家。After many years abroad he wanted to return to his country.他在國外呆了許多年后，想要返回祖國。The soldiers fou

27、ght bravely for their country.戰(zhàn)士們?yōu)樽鎳⒂伦鲬?zhàn)。另外，country還可指鄉(xiāng)村，側(cè)重點(diǎn)仍然是土地。e.g.We are hoping to live in the country.我們都想到農(nóng)村去生活。state著重指政體、政權(quán)、政府和國家機(jī)器。e.g.a head of state國家元首Highways in China belong to the state.中國的高速公路屬于國家。Scotland is a nation but not a state.蘇格蘭是一個(gè)民族而不是一個(gè)國家。另外，state還可指組成國家的州，特別是在美國。e.g.How m

28、any states are there in the United States of America?美國有多少個(gè)州？3.in a /one word,in other words,in words(1)in a/one word意思是“簡言之，總之”。一般作插入語，通常位于句首，用逗號與句子隔開。e.g.In a word,we must learn English well.總之，我們必須學(xué)好英語。In a word,she is a good teacher.總之，她是一位好老師。(2)in other words意思是“換句話說”“換言之”，常位于句首，對前面所說的話進(jìn)行解釋。e.

29、g.I don't want to go now.In other words,I prefer to wait a while.我現(xiàn)在不想去，換句話說，我想等一會兒。You failed the exam this time.In other words,you didn't pass the exam this time.你這次沒有通過考試。換句話說，你這次考試沒及格。(3)in words意思是“用語言，口頭上”也可以寫為with words，通常位于句末。e.g.I do not want you simply to promise me with/in words t

30、hat you will be good.我并不要求你們只在口頭上答應(yīng)我你們要做好學(xué)生。I can't describe it in/with words.我無法用語言來描述。4.honour,admire,respect(1)honour指對某人或某物表示極大的敬意。e.g.Children should honour their parents.孩子們應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬父母親。We are gathered here to honour the memory of this great man.我們聚集在這里緬懷這位偉大人物。(2)admire指對某人、某物的仰慕或贊揚(yáng)，有很深的情感。e.g

31、.I admire your hard-working spirit very much.我非常欽佩你的刻苦精神。He admired me for my courage.他佩服我的勇氣。(3)respect 尤指對年長或地位高的人表示的尊敬。e.g.We should respect our elders.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬長者。Carl is an officer vastly respected by the soldiers.卡爾是一位深受士兵敬愛的軍官。四、能力訓(xùn)練(一)單句改錯(cuò)(make+復(fù)合賓語)1.He will make me to try again.答案：把to去掉。當(dāng)不定式作

32、make的賓語時(shí)，一般不能帶“to”。2.I make the distance be about 40 miles.答案：把be去掉或者在be 前加to。當(dāng)make作“估計(jì)，認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)中的to be一般省去，有時(shí)也不省。但不可只省去“to”。如：What bird do you make that to be?3.He has been made recite the text.答案：在recite之前加to。make用于被動語態(tài)，其后的不定式不能省去“to”。4.A heavy rain made the river overflowing its banks.答案：把overflowing改為overflow。make后不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。5.You