1、Copyright 2012Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 理解OSPF鄰居與鄰接關(guān)系Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1前 言本課程介紹OSPF鄰居和鄰接的概念。為了交換鏈路狀態(tài)信息以及路由信息，OSPF路由器之間首先要建立鄰接關(guān)系。Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)學(xué)完本課程后，您應(yīng)該能：l理解OSPF

2、鄰居和鄰接的概念l理解OSPF中DR和BDR的概念l理解DR和BDR的選舉Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3鄰居（Neighbor）和鄰接（Adjacency）Ethernet10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.310.1.1.4RTA我有三個鄰居Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page4OSPF支持的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型點到點和廣播類型PPP10.1.1.120.1.1.1點到點網(wǎng)絡(luò)點到點

3、網(wǎng)絡(luò)Ethernet10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.310.1.1.4廣播型網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播型網(wǎng)絡(luò)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page5OSPF支持的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型NBMA類型ATM10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.3VPI/VCI=0/102VPI/VCI=0/103VPI/VCI=0/201VPI/VCI=0/3010/2030/302非廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)非廣播多路訪問（非廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)非廣播多路訪問（NBMA）全連接ATM網(wǎng)絡(luò)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologi

4、es Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6OSPF支持的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型點到多點類型FR10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.3DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301非廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)點到多點（非廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)點到多點（Point-to-MultiPoint）不完全連接的幀中繼網(wǎng)絡(luò)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7常見鏈路層協(xié)議對應(yīng)的默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型常見鏈路層協(xié)議常見鏈路層協(xié)議Point-to-pointPPP鏈

5、路；LAPB鏈路；HDLC鏈路Broadcast以太網(wǎng)鏈路NBMA幀中繼鏈路；ATM鏈路Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8虛連接（Virtual Link）Area 0Area 1Area 2RTARTB配置虛連接以使RTB連接到骨干區(qū)域Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9端口狀態(tài)變換點到點、點到多點網(wǎng)段和虛連接UnloopIndInterfaceUpDownP-to-PLoopba

6、ckCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11DR和BDREthernet10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.310.1.1.4RTABDRDR我有三個鄰居，但是只有兩個鄰接Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page12選舉DR和BDREther

7、net10.1.1.310.1.1.210.1.1.190BDRDR100120Router Priority最大的路由器不一定是DR/BDR圖中數(shù)字表示該端口的圖中數(shù)字表示該端口的Router PriorityCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13配置Router PriorityRTBinterface Ethernet 0/0RTB-Ethernet0/0ospf dr-priority 100RTB-Ethernet0/0quitRTBEthernet10.1.1.310.1.1.

8、210.1.1.190RTADR100120BDRRTBRTC圖中數(shù)字表示該端口的圖中數(shù)字表示該端口的Router PriorityCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14端口狀態(tài)變換廣播型網(wǎng)段和NBMA網(wǎng)段DownWaitingBackupDROtherDR?UnloopIndInterfaceUpWaitTimerBackupSeenNeighbor ChangeNeighbor ChangeNeighbor ChangeLoopbackCopyright 2012 Huawei Tec

9、hnologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page15Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16是否和鄰居建立鄰接關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型是否和鄰居建立鄰接關(guān)系是否和鄰居建立鄰接關(guān)系Point-to-point總是和鄰居建立鄰接關(guān)系Point-to-MultiPoint總是和鄰居建立鄰接關(guān)系Virtual link總是和鄰居建立鄰接關(guān)系BroadcastNBMADR總是和其他所有路由器包括BDR建立鄰接關(guān)系；BDR總是和其他所有路由器包括DR建立鄰接關(guān)系；處

10、于DROther狀態(tài)的路由器只與DR和BDR建立鄰接關(guān)系Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17配置NBMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)Area 1FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301DLCI = 203DLCI = 302RTALoopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTArouter

11、id 1.1.1.1 RTAospf RTA-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.2 RTA-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.3 RTA-ospf-1area 1RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18配置NBMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)Area 1FR-SW1

12、0.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301DLCI = 203DLCI = 302RTALoopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTBrouter id 2.2.2.2RTBospfRTB-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.1RTB-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.3RTB-ospf-1area 1RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 2.2.2.2 0.

13、0.0.0RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19配置NBMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)Area 1FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301DLCI = 203DLCI = 302RTALoopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.

14、3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTCrouter id 3.3.3.3RTCospf RTC-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.1RTC-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.2RTC-ospf-1area 1RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., L

15、td. All rights reserved. Page20配置NBMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)驗證路由表RTAdisplay ip routing-table Routing Table: public netDestination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface1.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack02.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.2 Serial1/0 3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.3 Serial1/0 10.1.1.0/24 DIRECT 0 0

16、 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 10.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack010.1.1.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.2 Serial1/0 10.1.1.3/32 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.3 Serial1/0 127.0.0.0/8 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserve

17、d. Page21配置NBMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)驗證OSPF端口信息RTAdisplay ospf interface Serial 1/0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Interfaces Interface: 10.1.1.1 (Serial1/0) Cost: 1562 State: DROther Type: NBMA Priority: 1 Designated Router: 10.1.1.3 Backup Designated Router: 10.1.1.2 Timers: Hello 30, Dead 120, Poll 120, Retra

18、nsmit 5, Transmit Delay 1Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page22配置點到多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301RTAArea 1Loopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTArouter id 1.1.1.1RTAospf RTA-o

19、spf-1area 1RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTAinterface Serial 1/0RTA-Serial1/0ospf network-type p2mpRTA-Serial1/0returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page23配置點到多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/2

20、4DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301RTAArea 1Loopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTBrouter id 2.2.2.2RTBospf RTB-ospf-1area 1RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTBinterface Serial 1/0RTB-Serial1/0

21、ospf network-type p2mp RTB-Serial1/0returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24配置點到多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301RTAArea 1Loopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTCrouter id 3.3

22、.3.3RTCospf RTC-ospf-1area 1RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTCinterface Serial 1/0RTC-Serial1/0ospf network-type p2mp RTC-Serial1/0returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page25配置點到多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)驗證路由表RTCdisplay ip

23、routing-table Routing Table: public netDestination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 3125 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 3.3.3.3/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack010.1.1.0/24 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.3 Serial1/0 10.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Serial

24、1/0 10.1.1.2/32 OSPF 10 3124 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 10.1.1.3/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.0/8 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26配置點到多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)驗證OSPF端口信息RTCdisplay ospf interface Ser

25、ial 1/0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3 Interfaces Interface: 10.1.1.3 (Serial1/0) Cost: 1562 State: PtoP Type: PointToMultiPoint Priority: 1 Timers: Hello 30, Dead 120, Poll 120, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page27配置虛連接Area 1A

26、rea 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTCRTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTArouter id 1.1.1.1RTAospf RTA-ospf-1area 0RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 10.1.1.0 0.

27、0.0.255RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page28配置虛連接Area 1Area 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTCRTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTBrouter id

28、 2.2.2.2RTBospf RTB-ospf-1area 0 RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTB-ospf-1area 1RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1vlink-peer 3.3.3.3 RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies C

29、o., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page29配置虛連接Area 1Area 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTCRTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTCrouter id 3.3.3.3RTCospf RTC-ospf-1area 1RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.2.0

30、0.0.0.255RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1vlink-peer 2.2.2.2RTC-ospf-1area 2RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page30配置虛連接Area 1Area 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTC

31、RTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTDrouter id 4.4.4.4RTDospf RTD-ospf-1area 2RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2returnCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page31配置虛連接驗證路由表RTDdisplay ip routing-table Routing Table: public netDestination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 4 10.1.3.1 Ethernet0/02.2.2.2/32 OS