1、Architecting the Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The Open GroupArchitecture Framework(TOGAF)The Continuing StoryPresented by Chris Greensladeof 491Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The questions to answernWho are we?nWhat principles have we adopted?nWhat have we achieved so far?nWhat

2、is our current motivation?nWhat is the TOGAF Enterprise Edition?nWhat are our future directions?of 492Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The questions to answernWho are we?nWhat principles have we adopted?nWhat have we achieved so far?nWhat is our current motivation?nWhat is the TOGAF

3、Enterprise Edition?nWhat are our future directions?of 493Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Architecture ForumnThe mission of the Forums members is to:nAdvance the cause of IT Architecture - in order tonImprove the quality of information systemsnTo move IT Architecture from a cottage i

4、ndustry to a professionnOriginal (and continuing) focus: (TOGAF)nIndustry consensus framework and method for IT architecturenTool- and technology-neutralnExtended focusnArchitecture ToolsnIT Architect Certificationof 494Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Whos WhonDirectorJohn SpencerTh

5、e Open GroupnChairChris GreensladeFrietuna Computer Consultants (UK)nVice ChairsBarry SmithThe MITRE Corporation (USA)Ian McCallIBM Global Services (UK)Vish ViswanathanCC & C Solutions (Australia)of 495Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Forum MembershipnArchitecting the Enterprise

6、(UK)nBMC Software Inc. (US)nBoeing Corporation (US)nBooz Allen & Hamilton (US)nBrandeis University (US)nCC and C Solutions (Aus)nCentre For Open Systems (Aus)nChiSurf (Hong Kong)nComputacenter (UK)nComputas (Nor)nComputer Associates (US)nConclusive Logic (US)nDepartment of Defense / DISA (US)nDe

7、partment of Works and Pensions (UK)nDesktop Management Task Force (US)nFujitsu (Japan)nFrietuna Consultants (UK)nHewlett-Packard (US)nHitachi (Japan)nIBM (US)nInnenministerium NordRhein-Westfalen (Ger)nJet Propulsion Labs (US)nLockheed Martin (US)nMEGA International (Fr)nMinistry of Defence (UK)nMit

8、re Corporation (US)nMonash University (Australia)nMotorola (US)nNASA Goddard Space Flight Center (US)nNational Computerization Agency (Korea)nNATO C3 Agency (Bel)nNEC (Japan)of 496Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Forum MembershipnNEMMCO (Australia)nNeTraverse, Inc. (US)nNexor, Inc. (

9、US)nOpen GIS Consortium, Inc. (US)nPASS Network Consulting (Ger) nPopkin Software and Systems, Inc. (UK)nPOSC (US)nPredictive Systems AG (Ger)nPrimeur (Italy)nReGIS (Japan)nQA Consulting (UK)nSCO (US)nSun Microsystems (US)nTeamcall (Bel)nThe Terasoft Group (US)nTivoli (US)nToyota InfoTechnology Cent

10、er (Japan)nTRON Association (Japan)nUniversity of Plymouth (UK)nUniversity of Reading (UK)nUS Army Weapon Systems Technical Working Group (WSTAWG) (US)nVeriserve Corporation (US)nVisa International (US)nWeblayers, Inc (US)nWestpac Banking Corporation (Australia)57of 497Architecting-the-Enterprise Li

11、mitedCopyright 2003The questions to answernWho are we?nWhat principles have we adopted?nWhat have we achieved so far?nWhat is our current motivation?nWhat is the TOGAF Enterprise Edition?nWhat are our future directions?of 498Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Defining an IT Architectur

12、enANSI/IEEE Standard 1471-2000nConceptually an IT Architecture is nThe fundamental organization of a system,nembodied in its components,ntheir relationshipsnto each othernand the environment,nand the principles governing its design and evolution.nPractically it is represented in Architectural Descri

13、ptions from the viewpoints of the Stakeholdersof 499Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Some more ANSI/IEEE definitionsnArchitect:nthe person, team, or organisation responsible for systems architecturenArchitecting:nthe activities of defining, documenting, maintaining, improving and cer

14、tifying proper implementation of an architecture.nArchitectural descriptionna collection of products to document an architecture.of 4910Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Architecture views - definitionsnSystem Stakeholder:nan individual, team, or organization (or classes thereof) with

15、 interests in, or concerns relative to, a systemnView:na representation of a whole system from the perspective of a related set of concernsnViewpoint: (a schema of the information in a view)nacts as a pattern or template from which to develop individual views by establishing the purposes and audienc

16、e for a view and the techniques for its creation and analysisof 4911Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Architecture viewnDescription of the architecture from the viewpoint of a specific stakeholdernThe main mechanism of communication between the architect and the stakeholdernUsed to en

17、sure accuracy of understanding of the current systemnUsed to ensure the architecture meets the need of each stakeholdernThe collection of views comprises the description of the architectureof 4912Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003ArchitecturenWe are NOT talking about rocket sciencenWe

18、 ARE talking about:nUsing common sensenBeing systematicnAvoiding misunderstandingsnKnowing what we are doing before we startnKnowing why we are doing itnLearning from the best practice of othersnTreating the user as a partnernTalking to business users in business termsnRecording what, where, when, h

19、ow, who and WHYnUsing common senseof 4913Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The Zachman FrameworkEnterpriseModelsSystemsModelsTechnologyModelsDetailedRepresentationsActualSystemsScopeWhat?DataHow?FunctionWhere?NetworkWho?PeopleWhen?TimeWhy?MotivationPlanners ViewpointContextualOwners V

20、iewpointConceptualDesigners ViewpointLogicalBuilders ViewpointPhysicalSub-contractors ViewpointOut-of-contextFunctioning EnterpriseArchitecture principlesBusiness principles goals & driversApproved statement of architecture workRefined Business principles goals & driversBusiness baseline ver

21、sion 1Technical baseline version 1Business architecture version 1Technical architecture version 1OrganizationstructureBusiness goalsand objectivesBusiness functionsBusiness servicesBusiness processesBusiness processesBusiness rolesCorrelation of organizationand functionTechnical require-mentsValidat

22、ed principlesTarget data architectureData dissemination viewData lifecycle viewData lifecycle view Data security viewData model managemtviewData model managemtviewTechnical require-mentsValidated principlesTarget application architectureCommon application services viewApplications interoperability v

23、iewApplication interop. viewApplications information viewApplication information viewApplication user location viewGap analysis resultsConstraints on technology architectureValidated principlesTechnology architecture version 0.1Technology architecture version 0.2Technology architecture version 0.4Ga

24、p analysis resultsTechnology architecture version 0.3of 4914Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003What is an Enterprise Architecture?nAn Enterprise Architecture is the technical foundation of an effective IT strategy nIt consists of four types of architecture:nBusiness architecturenInform

25、ation system architecturesnData or information architecturenApplication architecturenTechnology architecturenAll these are relatedTOGAF 7 Technical EditionTOGAF 8Enterprise Editionof 4915Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Can a business succeed withouta documented business plan?Can IT

26、succeed without a documented architecture?What is the desired benefit of TOGAF?nArchitected business information systems will have:nA greater ability to respond to new demandsnA greater business value to the organizationnA greater ability to use new technologynA faster, simpler and cheaper procureme

27、nt processnThe ability to support a faster time-to-marketof 4916Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003What is an Architectural Framework?nArchitecture design is a complex processnAn architectural framework is a tool for:nDesigning a broad range of a architecturesnAssisting the evaluation

28、of different architecturesnSelecting and building the right architecture for an organizationnIt embodies best practice and acknowledged wisdomnIt presents a set of services, standards, design concepts, components and configurationsnIt guides the development of specific architecturesof 4917Architecti

29、ng-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003What is an Architectural Framework?nUse of a framework leads to: nThe use of common principles, assumptions and terminologynThe development of information systems with better integration and interoperability, especially with respect to issues that affect the wh

30、ole enterprisenWARNING!nA framework does not make architectural design an automatic processnIt is a valuable aid to experienced and knowledgeable IT Architectsof 4918Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The position of IT ArchitectsWe know solutions to every problem? Whats your problem?H

31、ow do I know what I want, when I dont know what you can do for meArchitectITof 4919Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The position of IT ArchitectsBusiness ManagementTechnical ManagementSystem Designers & DevelopersIT Architectsof 4920Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 20

32、03The questions to answernWho are we?nWhat principles have we adopted?nWhat have we achieved so far?nWhat is our current motivation?nWhat is the TOGAF Enterprise Edition?nWhat are our future directions?of 4921Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The story so farnThe direction of TOGAFs e

33、volution has been driven by The Open Groups membership over a period of 8 yearsnAn annual publication cyclen1994: Requirement statement developednProof of needn1995: X/Open Architectural Framework - version 1n Proof of conceptn1996: TOGAF - version 2nProof of applicationn1997: TOGAF - version 3nRele

34、vance to practical architecturesof 4922Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The story so farn1998: TOGAF - version 4nTOGAF in context - the Enterprise ContinuumnWeb structured documentation - ease of usen1999: TOGAF - version 5nRe-organized around extended ADMnBusiness scenarios to help

35、define requirementsnAddition of ADMLn2000: TOGAF - version 6nIntegration of Building Block worknIntegration of other initiatives, US DoD, IEEE 1471, IEEE 1003.23of 4923Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Technical EditionCurrent situationn2001: TOGAF - version 7nNew sections on Architec

36、ture Patterns, Architecture Principles, Architecture Compliance ReviewsnSignificant additional material on Business ScenariosnComparisons of TOGAF with other frameworksnFurther integration of IEEE Std 1471-2000 into TOGAFnMetis model of the TOGAF ADM nPositioning of TOGAF relative to enterprise arch

37、itecturen2002: TOGAF - Version 8Enterprise Editionof 4924Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003TOGAF consists ofnAn Architecture Development Method (ADM)nFoundation ArchitecturenA Technical Reference Model (TRM)nA Standards Information Base (SIB)nBuilding Blocks Information Base (BBIB)nRe

38、source Base contains advice on:nArchitecture viewsn Business scenariosnIT Governancen Architecture patternsnADL n Case studiesnTABBn Architecture principlesnArchitecture contracts n.of 4925Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003More about TOGAFBusiness RequirementsTechnicalReference Model

39、(services)Standards Information Base (standards)Building Block Information Base (future)Architecture Development MethodTarget ArchitecturesFoundationArchitectureof 4926Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Architecture Development Methodn Start with a foundation architecturen Follow the p

40、hases of the ADMGArchitecturemaintenanceFImplementationEMigrationoptionsDOpportunities& solutionsCTargetarchitectureBBaselinedescriptionAInitiation &frameworkRequirementsn Results inn an organization-specific architecturen more reusable building block assets in the Enterprise Continuumn Each

41、 iteration becomes easier and has more reusable building blocks to useof 4927Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Communications Infrastructure InterfaceCommunication InfrastructureApplication Program InterfaceApplication PlatformTechnical Reference ModelInfrastructure ApplicationsBusine

42、ss Applicationof 4928Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Communication InfrastructureServices and QualitiesNetwork ServicesOperating System ServicesSoftware EngineeringSecuritySys & Net ManagementTransaction ProcessingLocation & DirectoryUser InterfaceInternational OperationsDat

43、a InterchangeData ManagementGraphics & ImageInfrastructure ApplicationsBusiness ApplicationService QualitiesAPICIIApplication PlatformServicesof 4929Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Standards Information Base (SIB)nA complete and up to date database of open industry standards wit

44、h links to conformant productsnStandards Information Base publicly availablenAt nWith user guidenSearch or full listingnCan be used to:nDefine particular servicesnDefine properties of componentsnBe the basis of procurement proceduresnKeeps the architecture up to date with the latest IT industry cons

45、ensusof 4930Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Benefits of TOGAF to the architectnAvoids regular reinvention of the wheelnProvides a corporate memory of previous successes and failuresnEnsures completeness of the design processnProvides access to accumulated best practice wisdomnAvoids

46、 communication difficulties within the teamnThe professional approachn“Best endeavor” legal defense - just in caseof 4931Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003TOGAF - its key benefits (1)nVendor-NeutralnComprehensive process - from business requirements to applications to infrastructurenT

47、he result of 8 years of global developmentnCuts up-front costs - avoids re-inventing the wheelnRefined and honed checklists at all levels - from business requirements to physical componentsnThe Standards Information BasenMaintained, current and comprehensivenStandard documented approach insures agai

48、nst the departure of key staffof 4932Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003TOGAF - its key benefits (2)nTOGAF is available today under an evaluation licensenTOGAF is available under a free perpetual license for use within your own organizationnThird-party users can buy a commercial licens

49、e or can join the Architecture ForumnAny member of the Architecture Forum can participate in shaping TOGAFs evolutionof 4933Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003TOGAF - its key benefits (3)nTOGAF 7 is the vendor-neutral, global basis of Certification to impose standards within our profes

50、sionArchitecture tools which support TOGAF 7Training courses which instruct in TOGAF 7Architects trained in the use of TOGAF 7Professional services offered to support TOGAF 7of 4934Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The questions to answernWho are we?nWhat principles have we adopted?nW

51、hat have we achieved so far?nWhat is our current motivation?nWhat is the TOGAF Enterprise Edition?nWhat are our future directions?of 4935Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003What is our current motivation?nThe work goes on - new knowledge, new experience, new ideas, new challengesnChange

52、s that will influence the future take-up of IT ArchitecturenMore extended enterprisesnMore co-operative IT operationsnTighter IT budgetsnGlobal competitionnMore frantic skills chasenIncrease in litigationnFailure can be terminalof 4936Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003What is our curr

53、ent motivation?nPace set by public agencies and large vendorsnMore enforcement of acquisition regulationsnClinger-Cohen Act (US Information Technology Management Reform Act 1996)nEU Directives on the Award of Public ContractsnContracting Authority needs procedures for ensuring:nCompleteness of given

54、 business requirementsnVendor independent expression of needsnSame information to allof 4937Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The questions to answernWho are we?nWhat principles have we adopted?nWhat have we achieved so far?nWhat is our current motivation?nWhat is the TOGAF Enterprise

55、 Edition?nWhat are our future directions?of 4938Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003What is the Enterprise Edition?nAn Enterprise Architecture is the technical foundation of an effective IT strategy nIt consists of four types of architecture:nBusiness architecturenInformation system arc

56、hitecturesnData or information architecturenApplication architecturenTechnology architecturenAll these are relatedTOGAF 7 Technical EditionTOGAF 8Enterprise Editionof 4939Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003The Enhanced ADMRequirementsManagementPreliminaryFramework &Principles AArch

57、itectureVisionof 4940Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Preliminary steps (1)nGetting the buy-innThe most difficult stagenThe most important stagenEstablishing the Architectural FrameworknCustomizing, configuring and selecting options suitable for the organizationnProviding a foundatio

58、n for the framework by establishing:nArchitecture principles to guide all future work on all future architecturesnIT GovernancenArchitecture compliance proceduresof 4941Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003Preliminary steps (2)nIntegrating the framework with existing proceduresnPreservin

59、g tried, trusted, or mandated procedures nChoosing the toolsnTraining the staff - architects and othersnCreating a repository for Building Blocks (BBIB?)nMonitored pilot projectnBuilt-in leeway to allow for familiarization and fine-tuningof 4942Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright 2003GArchi

60、tectureChangeManagementGImplementationGovernanceFMigrationPlanningEOpportunites& SolutionsDTechnologyArchitectureThe Enhanced ADMRequirementsManagementCInformationSystemArchitecturesCInformationSystemArchitecturesPreliminaryFramework &Principles BBusinessArchitectureAArchitectureVisionof 4943Architecting-the-Enterprise LimitedCopyright