1、人教版英語八年級下冊Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)及單元測試卷（附答案）【教材內(nèi)容解析】Section A1. Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? (P. 17)(1) Could you please.?意為“你能嗎？”，could在此并不是過去式，而是表示一種委婉的語氣，please后接動詞原形，肯定回答用Sure/Of course/Certainly，也可以用.can，不可以用.could；否定回答用Sorry.并給出理由，也可用.cant/mustnt。-Could y

2、ou please help me with my homework?-Sure./Of course./Certainly./Sorry, I cant. Im busy now.(2) take out意為“帶出去”，代詞作賓語時(shí)，要放在take和out之間。The dog is noisy. Take it out.2. Could I at least finish watching this show? (P. 18)(1) at least表示“至少”，反義詞為at most“至多”。The ticket cost at least 200 yuan.(2) finish意為“完成

3、、做好”，后接動詞作賓語時(shí)，要用doing的形式。When are you going to finish your work?3. Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. (P. 18)be back意為“回來”，相當(dāng)于come back，前者側(cè)重指狀態(tài)，后者側(cè)重指動作。She has been back for two days.You came back very late last night.4. And she wont be happy if she sees this mess. (P. 18)me

4、ss用作名詞，表示“雜亂、不整潔”，常用的短語為：make a mess“搞得一團(tuán)糟”；in a mess“一團(tuán)糟”。The kids make a mess in the bedroom.All the rooms are in a mess.5. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. (P. 19)(1) the minute意為“一就”，用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于the moment或者as soon as。I want to see her the minute she arrives.(2) come

5、 over意為“過來”。Can you come over tomorrow?6. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! (P. 19)all the time意為“反復(fù)、總是”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行和發(fā)生的事情。I have a dog and a cat. They fight all the time.7. Im just as tired as you are! (P. 19)當(dāng)我們要表示雙方某方面(如年齡、身高等)程度相同或不同時(shí)，常用asas或not as/soas結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“和一樣”或“和

6、不一樣”。如：Mary is as careful as Linda瑪麗和琳達(dá)一樣仔細(xì)。He does not run as fast as Tom他跑步?jīng)]有湯姆快。8. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. (P. 19)neither did I是“Neither/nor+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者所描述的否定情況同樣適用于后者，neither在此用作副詞，表示“也不”。-I dont like this dress.-Neither do I.9. My mom came over

7、 as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. (P. 19)as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“一就”，要遵從“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則，即主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I will go as soon as she arrives.10. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? (P. 20)hang out意為“閑逛、閑蕩”。He is hanging out with his friends.11. Could you please pass me the salt? (P. 20

8、)pass sb. sth.相當(dāng)于pass sth. to sb.“把某物遞給某人”。Pass me the book, please.=Pass the book to me please.12. Could I borrow that book? (P. 20)borrow此處是及物動詞，表示“借進(jìn)來”，反義詞是lend，borrow.from.“從借入”。I often borrow books from the library.You can borrow some money from your elder brother.13. Could you lend me some mon

9、ey? (P. 20)lend表示“借出去”，與borrow“借進(jìn)來”相對，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. “把某物借給某人”。He often lends others his car.=He often lend his car to others.14. Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. (P. 20)when和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句均表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，when既可以指“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,與瞬間動詞連用，也可以指“時(shí)間段”，與延續(xù)性動詞連用（=while）。while表

10、示時(shí)間段，因此，while從句的謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞，as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，表示“一邊一邊”。When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. Please don't talk so loud while others are working.Toms brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard.Kate listens musi

11、c as she walks in the park.Section B1. Housework is a waste of their time. (P. 22)a waste of意為“浪費(fèi)”，其中waste是名詞，意為“浪費(fèi)”。Playing computer games is a waste of time.2. The should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. (P. 22)(1) spend的用法 sb. spend+時(shí)間/金錢+

12、on sth. “在某事上花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間或者多少錢”The man spent the whole day on his speech.The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip. sb. spend+時(shí)間+(in) doing sth. “花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間做某事”The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和costspend主語是人spend.on sth./spend.(in) doing sth.pay主語是人pay for sth./

13、pay sb. for sth.take 主語是itIt takes sb.+時(shí)間+to do sth.cost主語是物sth. costs sb.+金錢(2) in order to意為“為了”后面跟動詞不定式，作目的狀語。in order to可位于句中或者句首，in order not to do sth. 意為“為了不做某事”。Tom got up early in order to catch the first bus.In order not to make his mother angry, he decided to give up playing computer game

14、s.3. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now. (P. 22)there is no need for sb. to do sth.意為“對某人來說沒有必要做某事”。There is no need for you to start off so early.4. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for thei

15、r children. (P. 22)(1) It is+名詞+to do sth.表示“做某事是”，其中的it為形式主語，后邊的動詞不定式才是真正的主語。Its my job to look after you.(2) provide表示“提供”時(shí)，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：provide sb. with sth.或者provide sth. for sth.“為某人提供某物”；offer也表示“提供”，但結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同，常用于“offer sb. sth.或者offer sth. to sb.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“為某人提供某物”。The government provided a lot of food

16、and clothes for the flooded area.=The government provided the flooded area with a lot of food and clothes.5. Any anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. (P. 22)(1) anyway用作副詞，表示“而且、加之”，也可以表示“即使這樣、無論如何”。Its expensive and anyway the size is too small.Anyway, we should have a try.(2) doing ch

17、ores是動名詞，在句中用作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Doing morning exercise is good for us.6. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. (P. 22)(1) 本句結(jié)構(gòu)為“Its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“做某事對某人來說”，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞多為描述事物特征的詞，如easy, important, dangerous, necessary等。例如：It is i

18、mportant for you to study hard.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.【拓展】Its+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意為“某人做某事是的”，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞多是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish,polite等描述行為者性格、品質(zhì)的詞。It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.(2) how to do chores是“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作learn的賓語，動詞不定式常與what, who,

19、 how, where, when等特殊疑問詞連用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。When to start is not decided yet.The questions is what to do next.7. Children these days depend on their parents too much. (P. 22)depend on/upon意為“取決于；由決定；依靠”You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice.We shouldnt always depend on our

20、 parents.8. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. (P. 22)independence用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“獨(dú)立、自主”，形容詞為independent，意為“獨(dú)立的”。He was afraid of losing his independence.9. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone sho

21、uld do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. (P. 22)(1) since此處表示“因?yàn)?、既然”，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句，常位于句首。Since you dont know the boy, I will ask someone else.(2) do ones part in (doing) sth.意為“盡自己的職責(zé)去做某事”。The president asked every citizen to do his part in saving water.10. As a result, he often fell ill and his g

22、rades dropped. (P. 22)as a result意為“因此、結(jié)果”，在句中作狀語；as a result of表示“由于”，后接名詞或者代詞，相當(dāng)于because of。He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.He was late as a result of the heavy rain.11. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. (P. 22)本句為“the+比較級，

23、the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越越”。The harder you study, the better grades you can get.The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.【重點(diǎn)短語和句型歸納】重點(diǎn)短語1. go out for dinner 出去吃飯2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚3. go to the movies 去看電影4. get a ride 搭車5. work on 從事6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事7. clean and tidy 干凈整潔8

24、. do the dishes 洗餐具9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾10. fold your/the clothes 疊衣服11. sweep the floor 掃地12. make your/the bed 整理床鋪13. clean the living room 打掃客廳14. no problem 沒問題15. welcome sb. 歡迎某人16. come home fro m school/ work放學(xué)/下班回家17. throw down 扔下18. sit down 坐下19. come over 過來20. take sb. for a wal

25、k 帶某人去散步21. all the time 頻繁；反復(fù)22. all day / evening 整日 /夜23. do housework 做家務(wù)24. shout back 大聲回應(yīng)25. walk away 走開26. share the housework 分擔(dān)家務(wù)27. a comfortable home 一個(gè)舒適的家28. in surprise 驚訝地29. get something to drink 拿點(diǎn)喝的東西30. watch one show 觀看一個(gè)節(jié)目31. hang out 閑逛32. pass sb. sth. 把某物傳給某人33. lend sb. s

26、th. 把某物借給某人34. get sth. wet 使某物弄濕35. hate to do sth. 討厭做某事36. do chores 做雜務(wù)37. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth. 幫助某人干某事38. bring a tent 帶頂帳篷來39. buy some snacks 買些小吃40. go to the store去商店41. invite sb. to a party 邀請某人參加聚會42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事43. enough stress 足夠的壓力44. a waste of time浪費(fèi)時(shí)間45. in or

27、der to為了46. get good grades 取得好成績47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事48. depend on 依賴；依靠49. develop childrens independence發(fā)展孩子的獨(dú)立性50. look after/take care of 照顧；照看51. do one s part in (doing) sth. 做某人分內(nèi)的事重點(diǎn)句型1. 做完某事 finishing doing sth.2. 想要某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.3. 盡力(不)做某事 try (not) to do sth.4. 讓某人做某事 let

28、 sb. do sth.5. 介意做某事 mind doing sth. 6. 花費(fèi)做某事 spend in doing sth.7. 學(xué)會做某事 learn to do sth.8. 學(xué)會怎樣做某事 learn how to do sth.9. 越., 就越. the + 比較級, the + 比較級【語法講解】情態(tài)動詞could的用法情態(tài)動詞could可以用來表示請求或建議，具體用法如下：1. 表示請求或者允許could表示請求或允許時(shí)，并不表示過去，只表示語氣更加委婉，表示委婉的請求和陳述看法時(shí)，回答時(shí)用can。Could I use your cell phone for a whil

29、e?Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?-Could you come to my birthday party?-Sorry, I cant. I have to stay at home to look after my mother.2. 表示建議情態(tài)動詞could表示建議做某事，意為“可以”，語氣比can更加委婉。You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.【單元測試卷】. 單項(xiàng)填空（15分）1. Could you please

30、your schoolbag? It's too dirty.Sure.A. washed B. washing C. wash D. to wash2. Please your brother when I'm on business.My pleasure.A. look at B. look up C. look like D. look after3. Lucy, do you like playing basketball?No, I it.A. hate B. need C. forget D. enjoy4. Could you help me with the

31、math problem? . I'm too busy now.A. Yes, please B. No, sure C. Yes, you could D. Sorry, I can't5. Anna me her party last night.A. invited; for B. invited; to C. inviting; to D. inviting; for6. Could you get me some tea? .A. That's fight B. You're right C. That's all fight D. With

32、 pleasure7. Ann, could you the rubbish?Sure. I'm coming.A. come out B. give out C. take out D. go out8. The government provided the homeless people food and clothes.A. in B. with C. onto D. to9. (2013·揚(yáng)州)How long have you lived in the new flat? 2010.A. In B. After C. Since D. Before10. (201

33、3·濟(jì)南)Could I your iPad, Alice?Of course. Here you are.A. lend B. keep C. borrow D. return11. (2013·蘭州)I'm not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. . I have to clean up my bedroom.A. So am I B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. So I am12. (2013·雅安)Can you finish these books before 10 o

34、'clock?Yes, I can.A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading13. She got up early this morning she could catch the first bus.A. in order to B: in order that C. all that D. whether14. Man's understanding of nature is developing . It never stays at the same level.A. at the fight time B. for the fir

35、st time C. at the same time D. all the time15. the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.A. Although B. If C. While D. Once. 完形填空（15分）A farmer had some little dogs to sell. As he was putting up an advertisement on the fence of his yard, a 1 happened to pass by."I want t

36、o 2 one of your dogs, sir.""Well, "said the farmer, "these dogs come from fine parents and cost a lot of 3 "The boy 4 his head for a moment. Then he reached deep into his 5 and pulled out some change. "I've got thirty-nine cents(美分). Is that 6 to take a look? "

37、" 7 , "said the farmer. And with that he let out a whistle(口哨), "Here, Dolly ! "Dolly ran out of the doghouse 8 by four little dogs. The boy's eyes danced with joy.As the dogs made their way to the fence, the little boy noticed something else moving inside the 9 Slowly anothe

38、r little dog 10 : this one much smaller. It was doing its best to 11 ."I want that one, "the little boy said. The farmer said, "Boy, don't want that dog. He will 12 be able to run and play with you like the other dogs would."The boy rolled up(卷起)one leg of his pants and showe

39、d a steel(鋼) 13 . Looking back up at the farmer, he said, "You see, sir, I don't 14 too well myself, and he will need someone who 15 ."1. A. boy B. dog C. farmer D. son2. A. sell B. see C. buy D. feed3. A. time B. money C. work D. study4. A. shook B. covered C. knocked D. dropped5. A.

40、pocket B. yard C. heart D. mouth6. A. enough B. easy C. necessary D. simple7. A. No B. Sure C. Sorry D. Thanks8. A. sent B. driven C. followed D. taught9. A. farm B. fence C. advertisement D. doghouse10. A. died B. shouted C. appeared D. watched11. A. catch up B. go away C. give up D. look out12. A.

41、 sometimes B. always C. often D. never13. A. hand B. back C. arm D. leg14. A. speak B. run C. jump D. swim15. A. asks B. understands C. thinks D. succeeds. 閱讀理解（40分）AGao Defu, 10, is a student in a primary school in a small village in Guizhou. He used to go hungry or have only an ear of com for lunc

42、h at noon. But now, Gao and his classmates have better food and vegetable dishes for free every day, thanks to the free lunch program.The program was started by Deng Fei, a journalist at the Phoenix Weekly(鳳凰周刊). Early this year, Deng met Xiao Yu, a primary school teacher from Guizhou, and was told

43、that students in Xiao's school didn't have lunch to eat. Instead, they drank water to lessen their hunger.Deeply shocked, Deng decided to do something for kids in the poor areas. He posted a message on his microblog(微博)saying he wanted to build a canteen (食堂)at Xiao's school. The message

44、 soon got the support and attention(注意)of tens of thousands of people around the country. In March, some 500 reporters, along with a dozen news organizations and charity funds(慈善機(jī)構(gòu)), finally set up the free lunch program.Local teachers and foundation workers calculated that one lunch for one child c

45、ost 3 yuan. People can donate for a meal, a month's worth of meals, or a year's worth of meals for children on the Internet by going to http:/www, mianfeiwucan, org.According to the China Development Research Foundation(基金會), there are about 23 million resident students(住宿生)in central and we

46、stern rural areas. Many of them come from poor families and can't afford nutritious lunches. Now, schools with kids that can't afford lunch can apply for help through the free lunch program's official website.In half a year, the program has raised more than 16 million yuan, providing fre

47、e lunches for poor students in 77 schools.1. Gao Defu used to for lunch at noon.A. have meat and vegetables B. have enough foodC. have only an ear of corn D. have only water2. The free lunch program was started by .A. a student in a primary schoolB. a journalist at the Phoenix WeeklyC. a primary sch

48、ool teacher D. 500 reporters and some charity funds3. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word "lessen" means " " in the passage.A. giving a lessonB. stopping the feeling of thirstC. making the feeling of hunger smallerD. stopping the feeling of hunger4. finally set up the free lunch

49、program.A. Deng FeiB. Local teachers and foundation workersC. The kind peopleD. Some 500 reporters, along with a dozen news organizations and charity funds5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Many students from poor families can't afford nutritious lunches.B. In poor areas, each c

50、hild needs just three yuan for a lunch.C. More than 16 million yuan reached the free lunch program soon.D. A poor student can go to a special website on the Internet for free lunches.BWe know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at

51、a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The m

52、ost famous migration(遷移)is probably the migration of the fish, which is called "salmon". This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies. In norther

53、n Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall Into the sea.Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobst

54、er(龍蝦). Every year, when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other t

55、imes we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel.6. Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to .A. give birthB. find beautiful placesC. find food more easilyD. enjoy warmer weather7. The fish called "salmon" spends a long time in .A. salt water B. its birthplaceC. fresh waterD. rivers8. The mice In northern Europe move when .A. they give birthB. the place gets too crowded