1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛擬語(yǔ)氣教學(xué)案于亞?wèn)|虛擬語(yǔ)氣除主要用于條件句（也就是狀語(yǔ)從句）外，還可用于主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句等。1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用“常用在It is (was)+形容詞 / 過(guò)去分詞+that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句”的句型中的主語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形(或should+have+過(guò)去分詞)或只用動(dòng)詞原形(尤其是美國(guó)英語(yǔ))。should在此是助動(dòng)詞，本身并無(wú)實(shí)義，這種主語(yǔ)從句中的should有時(shí)有感情色彩。It's important that we（should）work out a plan. （帶有“要求”的含義

2、）It's better that he go at once. （帶有“建議”的意思） 用于本句型的形容詞并不多，常見形容詞有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent， 等。It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once It's strange that he should say so.I was glad that he sho

3、uld go.It is important that we should speak politely. It is a pity that she should fare so badly.It's right that you should think that way.  用于本句型中的過(guò)去分詞就是表示提議、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It is requested that

4、Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonightIm ashamed you should have done such a thing. It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off有人建議推遲會(huì)議。It is settled that you leave us, then? 注意：這種句型中的主語(yǔ)從句也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：It was important that h

5、e made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上個(gè)星期對(duì)于這一方面做了明確的說(shuō)明，這是很重要的。2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用1). 賓語(yǔ)從句在表示提議、要求、命令、意志等動(dòng)詞后，其謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，作為suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：The doctor suggested th

6、at he not go there醫(yī)生建議他不要去那里。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建議我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身。The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告還押。2). wish的賓語(yǔ)的從句，表示愿望，常省去連詞that。 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去式，表示現(xiàn)在的愿望（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反），雖實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大，但仍有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。    I wish it were true我但愿這是真的。 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還可用“could（would，might

7、）+動(dòng)詞原形”用來(lái)表示將來(lái)的愿望    I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一會(huì)兒。    表示無(wú)能為力的過(guò)去愿望（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反），可用“had +過(guò)去分詞”或“could（would，might）+have+過(guò)去分詞”I wish you had called yesterday我希望你昨天來(lái)過(guò)電話。We wish you had come to our New Years party.我們真希望你來(lái)參加了我們的新年聯(lián)歡會(huì)。3). would rather, would soon

8、er等表示愿望，其賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬過(guò)去式。 表示與現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)含義事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 用過(guò)去完成式(had + 過(guò)去分詞)表示過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的含義I would rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來(lái)。Id sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我寧愿她把重活留給別人。4). 有些動(dòng)詞，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的賓語(yǔ)從句亦可用should+動(dòng)詞原形。如：I never thought he should refuse.我萬(wàn)沒(méi)有想到他會(huì)拒絕。She

9、 did not expect that you should come.她沒(méi)有預(yù)料你會(huì)來(lái)。3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用名詞suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主語(yǔ)，其后的表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用should +動(dòng)詞原形或省略should。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建議是我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)戰(zhàn)士去增援他們。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你應(yīng)該善待她。H

10、e makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once. 他提出一個(gè)要求，要求她立刻離開這個(gè)地方。My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.我們唯一的請(qǐng)求就是盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。注意：虛擬語(yǔ)氣也可以用于同位語(yǔ)從句。如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from t

11、he team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用常用在It is time (that)句型中，定語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬過(guò)去式It is time the children went to bed. 孩子們?cè)缭撋洗菜X(jué)了。（表示催促）It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money. 他早該開始考慮如何與錢打交道。It is time we left.我們?cè)撟吡恕t is time we went to bed.我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。 5. 虛擬式動(dòng)詞原形亦常用在獨(dú)立句中，表愿望Long live t

12、he Communist Party of China！中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨萬(wàn)歲！God bless you! 上帝保佑你。God damn it! 該死的！The devil take you! 見鬼去吧！So be it then. 就那樣吧。6. 虛擬時(shí)態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)系：從句中的虛擬時(shí)態(tài)往往不受全句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的影響。1) 用于主語(yǔ)從句。試比較：It is important that he should know about this.他必須知道此事。It was important that he should know about this.他必須知道此事。2) 用于賓語(yǔ)從句。試比較：I

13、suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建議我們明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day.我建議我們第二天走。She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她說(shuō)，“我如是男孩，就參軍。”She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她說(shuō)她如是男孩就參軍。但強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的虛擬式在間接引語(yǔ)中需要遵守時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則。試比較：“If I knew how it worked, I could tel

14、l you what to do,” he said.“假如我知道它是如何運(yùn)行的話，我就會(huì)告訴你該怎么辦，”他說(shuō)道。He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.他說(shuō)假如他知道它是如何運(yùn)行的話，他就會(huì)告訴我該怎么辦。“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said.“我如知道你所有問(wèn)題的答案，我就是天才了?！彼f(shuō)道。He said that if he knew the answer to a

15、ll my questions, hed be a genius.他說(shuō)他如知道我所有問(wèn)題的答案，他就是天才了。但如果全句謂語(yǔ)是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其后從句的時(shí)態(tài)則多受其影響，現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)隨之而變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：I would think he was wrong.我看他是錯(cuò)了。(須用was,試比較：I think he is wrong)It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是對(duì)的。(須用was,試比較：It seems that she is right)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：1His doctor suggested that he _ a short leave of abs

16、enceAwill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook2The job would require that _ at 7 o'clock every morningAhe will be at the factory Bhe be at the factoryChe was at the factory Dhe has been at the factory3Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonableAwill wait Bis going to wait Cwaits Dwait4The housem

17、aster was strictHe requested that we _ television on week nightsAnot watch Bmust not to watchCnot be watching Dhave not watched5It is necessary that a worker _ his work on timeAaccomplishes Bcan accomplishCaccomplish Dhas accomplished6It is important that he _ his decision before FridayAwill make Bm

18、akes Cmake Dmust make7You look so tired. It's time you _ Ago to sleepBwent to sleepCgo to bedDwent to bed8I'd rather you _ anything about it for the time beingAdo Bdidn't do Cdon't Ddidn't9But for water，it _ impossible to live in the desertAis Bwas Cwere Dwouldn't be10 _ it_

19、for your help，I couldn't have made any progressAHad；not been BShould；not beenCDid；not been DNot；be11Long _ the Party！Alives Blive Cwill live Dshould live12Mary insisted that Tom _ her the ring backAgives Bgive Cgiven Dhave given13My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next weekAto put Bbe

20、 putCshould put Dbe putting14Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TVAdid Bdo Cshall doDhave done15He insisted that nothing _ till he arrived. Amust be started Bought to be started Ccould be started Dshould be started 16Tom suggests that Ann _ the house. Acan sell Bsells Csell

21、Dsold 17It's better that he _ it from you. A'll hear Bhears Cshould hear Dheard 18It was necessary that he _ about what had happened. Abe told Bwas told Cshould tell Dtell 19It's astonishing that she _ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her. Afelt Bshould feel C'll feel Dwoul

22、d feel 20It was strange that we _ short of water in the country where it was always raining. Aare Bbe Cshould be Dboth B and C 21It is strange that she _ marry such an ugly man. Awould Bshould Cshall Dmust22It's not right that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. Amust be put Bmust put Cwill be put

23、Dbe put 23It was impossible that he _ the train, for he had started out very early. Acould have missed Bmust have missed Cshould have missed Dshould miss 24It's a pity that he _ such a good chance. Ashould miss Bshould have missed Chas missed Dall the above25He tried to find some excuse for the

24、debt, but I insisted that he _ it off at once. Amust pay Bought to pay Cpaid Dpay 26Mr. Ford insisted that he _ right, though the others didn't think so. Ashould do Bshould have done Chad done Ddid 27His pale face suggested that he _ the sad news. Ashould be told Bshould have been told Cwas told

25、 Dhad been told 28He suggested that we _ here at once. Ashould leave Bmust leave Cleft Dought to leave 29My order is that everyone _ their own work in time. Amust complete Bcompleted Ccompletes Dcomplete 30We've made the decision that we _ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Awill gather B

26、are about to gather Cwould gather Dshould gather 31-I'll be waiting for you at home. - _ I were busy and couldn't come?AWhat if BWhat when C How if DHow when 32After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I _ even better under harder conditions. ”Awould do Bwould have done Cdid Dhad d

27、one 33It has been raining for a day, but even though it _ , we _ there by tomorrow. Ahadn't rained, couldn't get Bhadn't rained, can't get Cdidn't rain, couldn't get Ddidn't rain, can't get 34We could not have succeeded _ your help. Abut for Bwithout Cif it had not be

28、en for Dall the above 35I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend _ differently when you were in trouble. Aacted Bhad acted Cwould act Dwould have acted 參考答案：1C 2B 3D 4A 5C6C 7D 8B 9D 10A11B 12B 13B 14B 15 D   insist作“要求別人做某事”解，其賓語(yǔ)從句用should型虛擬語(yǔ)氣。16 C   這種should

29、型虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)可將should省略，因此，C項(xiàng)的sell不能有人稱變化。17C   本句話有“要求”的意思，故選C。18 A   C、D為主動(dòng)，在此不妥。19 B   選B表示了說(shuō)話人帶有一種十分驚訝的感情，選A項(xiàng)與she的人稱不相一致，是錯(cuò)的。參見本章語(yǔ)法說(shuō)明。20 D   21B   should帶有感情色彩。22D   本句帶有要求之意，故從句謂語(yǔ)用should型虛擬語(yǔ)氣。D項(xiàng)中的should被省略。23C   本句帶有驚訝之意，故從句須用should型虛擬語(yǔ)氣。但由于是過(guò)去的事情所產(chǎn)生的驚訝，