1、Drug藥物Pharmacology藥理學(xué)Pharmacodynamics藥效學(xué)Pharmacokinetics藥動(dòng)學(xué)Simplediffusion簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散Iontrapping離子障Absorption吸收Firstpasselimination首過消除Distribution分布Blood-brainbarrier血腦屏障Metabolism代謝Hepaticdrugenzyme肝藥酶Enzymeinducingagent酶誘導(dǎo)劑Enzymeinhibitoryagent酶抑制劑Excretion排泄Enterohepaticcirculation腸肝循環(huán)Compartmentmodel房

2、室模型Firstordereliminationkinetics一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)消除Zeroordereliminationkinetics零級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)消除Areaundercurve曲線下面積Steady-stateconcentration穩(wěn)態(tài)濃度Loadingdose負(fù)荷劑量Maintenancedose維持量Half-life半衰期Clearanee清除率Volumeofdistribution表觀分布容積Bioavailability生物利用度Drugaction藥物作用Pharmacologicaleffect藥理效應(yīng)Excitation興奮Inhibition抑制Selectivity選

3、擇性Therapeuticeffect治療效果Etiologicaltreatment對(duì)因治療Symptomatictreatment對(duì)癥治療Supplementarytherapy補(bǔ)充治療Adversedrugreaction不良反應(yīng)Sidereaction副作用Toxicreaction毒性反應(yīng)Residualreaction后遺效應(yīng)Withdrawalreaction停藥反應(yīng)Allergicreaction過敏反應(yīng)Idiosyncrasyreaction特異質(zhì)反應(yīng)Secondaryreaction繼發(fā)反應(yīng)Dependence依賴性Dose-effectrelationship量效關(guān)系Gr

4、adedresponse量反應(yīng)Quantalresponse質(zhì)反應(yīng)Efficacy效能Potency效價(jià)強(qiáng)度Individualvariability個(gè)體差異Medianeffectivedose,ED50半數(shù)有效量Medianlethaldose,LD50半數(shù)致死量Marginofsafety安全范圍Therapeuticindex(TI)治療指數(shù)Receptor受體Ligand配體Agonist激動(dòng)劑Fullagonist完全激動(dòng)劑Partialagonist部分激動(dòng)劑Antagonist拮抗劑Competitiveantagonist競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性拮抗劑Noncompetitiveantagon

5、ist非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性拮抗劑Occupationtheory占領(lǐng)學(xué)說Intrinsicactivity內(nèi)在活性Affinity親和力Sparereceptor儲(chǔ)備受體Silentreceptor沉默受體Downregulation受體下調(diào)Upregulation受體上調(diào)Incompatibility配伍禁忌Synergism協(xié)同作用Antagonism拮抗作用Placebo安慰劑Toleranee耐受性drugresistanee抗藥性pilocarpine毛果云香鹼neostigmine新斯的明atropine阿托品anisodamine山莨菪堿scopolamine東莨菪堿noradrenalin

6、e去甲腎上腺素adrnaline腎上腺素dopamine多巴胺isoproterenol異丙腎上腺素phentolamine酚妥拉明diazepam地西泮phenytoinsodium苯妥英鈉L-dopa左旋多巴Chlorpromazine氯丙嗪Morphine嗎啡pathidine,dolantin哌替啶，杜冷丁aspirin阿司匹林quinidine奎尼丁procainamide普魯卡應(yīng)胺lidocaine利多卡因propranolol普萘洛爾amiodarone胺碘酮verapamil維拉帕米captopril卡托普禾Ulosartan氯沙坦hydrochloroththiazide氫氯噻嗪nifedipine硝苯地平cionidine可樂定sodiumnitroprusside硝普鈉prazosin哌唑嗪mecamylamine美加明glucocorticoids糖皮質(zhì)激素cardiacglycoside強(qiáng)心苷digoxin地高辛insulin胰島素chemotherapy化療antibacterialspectrum抗菌譜antibacterialagents抗菌藥物antibiotics抗生素superinfections二重