1、語法復習I .拉丁語的名詞、形容詞、代詞和動詞可變；其他類型詞的形式不變。II .我們學習了名詞的兩種變格法（見麥老師的書第26頁：第一變格法，第二變格法），這兩種變格法需要熟練掌握。II.六種格：（可參考麥老師的書PP20-24.）a. Casusnominativus（主格）：是動作的主語，支配動詞的詞。Paterdormit.Matersedet.Puerirident.b. Casusgenetivus（屬格）：表達從屬關系，如“某人或某物的”。Paterdiscipui（thefatherofthemalestudent）Materpuellarum（themotherofthegi

2、rls）c. Casusdativus（與格）：表示說話或給予事物的對象。Magisterdiscipulodicit.（Theteachersaystothestudent.）d. Casusaccusativus（賓格）：動作的直接接受者。Magisterdiscipulosvocat.（Theteachercallstothestudents.）e. Casusablativus（奪格）：表示地點、時間、原因、方式等等。Discipulietmagistracantant（canto,cantare:sing）inschola.（Thestudentsandtheteachersingi

3、nschool.）f. Casusvocativus（呼格）：表示感嘆。（見米蘭老師的書第22頁。）Domine,Deusmeus!（OLord,myGod!）（Dominus變成了Domine）RIV.大部分動詞可以歸于四組，我們學習了動詞直陳式主動現(xiàn)在時的四組動詞的變位（見米蘭老師書第59頁，或麥老師的書第27頁）。第I組第II組第III組第IV組不定式ama-re愛sede-re坐dice-re說dormi-re睡覺第1人稱單數(shù)amosedeodicodormio第2人稱單數(shù)amassedesdic-i-sdormis第3人稱單數(shù)amatsedetdic-i-tdormit第1人稱復數(shù)a

4、mamussedemusdic-i-musdormimus第2人稱復數(shù)1amatissedetisdic-i-tisdormitis第3人稱復數(shù)amantsedentDic-u-ntDormi-u-nt熟記動詞esse的變位：EgosumTuesIs/Ea/IdestNossumusVosestisli/Eae/Easunt.V.介詞1 .加賓格的介詞：Praepositionescumcasuaccusativoante,post,per,circuma)ante(before):?Curluditisredetisqueantelocumsacrum?(ubi?Where?)b)post(

5、after):?Pueripostprandiumpilaludunt.(quando?When?)?Postecclesiammurioppidisunt.(ubi?Where?)c)per(through)?Puellaeperostiuminecclesiamintrant.d)Circum(around)?Ecclesiasitaestpropemurumantiquum,quicircumoppidumAquileiaest.2 .加奪格的介詞：Praepositionescumcasuablativo:sine,a(ab),de,e(ex),cum,in,suba)cum(with

6、):cumservo,cumancillab)sine(without):PuerisinePaulopilaludunt.(sinequo?Withoutwhom?)c)a(ab):from,從。分離：Claudiaapuerisdiscedit.PerpetuaetBenedictusaHoratiodiscedunt.d)de(about,關于)：Iidevariisargumentisdisputant.(dequare?aboutwhatthing?)e) e(ex):from,從。地方，ex在元音前面(a,e,i,o,u,h；e在輔音前面(b,c,d,f,)eGraecia,exI

7、talia(UndervenitAlexander?WheredoesAlexandercomefrom?AlexanderveniteGraecia.f) DonatamesamDominibenepurgat.SubeaChristianireliquiasSanctorumservant.3.即可以加奪格，又可以加賓格的介詞：inPraepositionescumcasuablativoetcasuaccusativona) Invia(奪格：表示地點)Appiaambulamus.b) Inhorto(奪格)discipulisinemagistroambulant.Thestuden

8、tswalkinthegardenwithoutthe(male)teacher.c) Discipulietdiscipulaeinscholam(賓格：表示動作的方向)veniunt.VI. Pronomendemonstrativum（指示代詞）:is,ea,id（見米蘭老師的書第75頁或麥老師的書第91-92頁）MFNNominativus主格iseaidSingularisGenetivus屬格eiuseiuseiusDativus與格eieieiAccusativus賓格eumeamidAblativus奪格eoeaeoNominativus主格iieaeeaPluralisGen

9、etivus屬格eorumearumeorumDativus與格iisiisiisAccusativus賓格eoseaseaAblativus奪格iisiisiisVII. Pronomenrelativum（關系代詞）：qui,quae,quod（見米蘭老師的書第76頁。）MFNNominativus主格quiquaequodGenetivus屬格Dativus與格Accusativus賓格quemquamquodAblativus奪格Nominativus主格quiquaequae3Genetivus屬格Dativus與格Accusativus賓格quosquasquaeAblativus

10、奪格練習：1. Pleasefillintheblank:(1) Puellasingularisest.(puella)pluralisest.(2) Fluviipluralisest.(fluvius)singularisest.(3) Oppidumsingularisest.(oppidum)pluralisest.(4) Discipulibonipluralisest.Singularisest.(5) Rosapulchrasingularisest.Pluralisest.(6) Oppidumbonumsingularisest.Pluralisest.(7) Secund

11、umvocabulumsingularisest.Pluralistest2. Pleasefillintheappropriateformofthewords.(1) Puellaeper(ostium)inscholamintrant.(2) Sub(sella)rosaest.(3) UbiestMarcus?In(forum).(4) Ubiestmagistra?In(schola).(5) Ubiestmagister?In(fluvius).(6) Discipulipilaluduntcum(magister).(7) Marcuspost(prandium)in(schola

12、)venit.(8) Ante(talula)magistrastat.(9) Benedictusapud(Marcus)sedet.(10) Syravenite(Graecia).(11)Horatiusex(Italia)venit.3. Pleasefillintheappropriateformofverbs:(1) Egolaudo.Tu.Is.Nos.Vos.Discipuli.Ego.Tu.Marcussedet.Nos.Vos.Puellae.Ego.Tudicis.Donata.Nos.Vos.PerpetuaetCeciliaEgo.Tu.Is.Nosvenimus.Vos.Discipulae.4. PleasetranslatethefollowingLatinproverbsandmottosintoEnglishorChinese:Sapereaude!Arslongavitabrevis.Egosumvia,veritasetvita.Carpediem.Romacaputmundi.Cogitoergosum.Omniavincitamor.Nemoestsup