1、LOGOLOGOAutomobile EnglishAutomobile English 2121世紀(jì)行業(yè)英語(yǔ)系列教程世紀(jì)行業(yè)英語(yǔ)系列教程上海交通大學(xué)出版社上海交通大學(xué)出版社 LOGOYour site hereUnit 3 Automobile Engine 發(fā)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)其他藝術(shù)形式其他藝術(shù)形式FocusS: Automobile engineL: Types of internal combustion engineL: Engine maintenance tips S: A car with a diesel engine R: Four-stroke internal combust

2、ion enginesR: A hybrid engineW: Introducing the cooling system of the gasoline engineBack Next LOGOYour site here1 starter 4 Speaking 7 Writing 8 Supplementary ReadingBack Next 9 Surfing the Internet 10 Enjoying Yourself3 Listening2 Listening6 Reading5 ReadingUnit 3 Automobile Engine 發(fā)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)LOGOYour

3、site here1. StarterAutomobile Engine Menu A. Work with your partner and answer the following questions.Back Next 1. What is the importance of the automobile engine? _ _2. Are there different types of automobile engines? _ _ _ _ _The engine is generally considered the “heart” of an automobile. The fu

4、el used for its power is burned inside the engine.Yes. There are various types of automobile engines, such as the internal combustion engine, and the hybrid engine. The internal combustion engine is the most commonly used in the automobile field now, and the hybrid engine is an amazing machine becau

5、se of its low fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.LOGOYour site here寶馬M5-V10奧迪奧迪2.5TFSI直列五缸直列五缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 2012年年6月，月，RX-8停產(chǎn)停產(chǎn)LOGOYour site hereLOGOYour site here1. StarterAutomobile Engine Menu B. The following picture shows the basic components of the internal combustion engine. Try to match each Chine

6、se name with its English version in the picture. Back Next 1. 曲軸: 2. 活塞: _ 3. 連桿: 4. 凸輪軸: _5. 火花塞: 6. 進(jìn)氣門: _7. 排氣門: 8. 氣缸蓋: _9. 氣缸體: 10. 曲軸箱: _crankshaftpistonconnecting rodcamshaftspark plugintake valveexhaust valvecylinder headcylinder blockcrankcaseLOGOYour site here2. Types of Internal Combustio

7、n EngineMenu Peter and Wendy are talking about the types of internal combustion engine.Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks. Back Next Peter: What does the internal combustion engine mean?Wendy: It means the engine burns the (1) within the cylinders. Peter: Ive heard that there are (2)

8、of internal combustion engine. Is that true?Wendy: Yes, thats true. To be continuedfueldifferent types LOGOYour site herePeter: How many types of internal combustion engine are there?Wendy: According to different (3) , internal combustion engines are commonly (4) gasoline engines and diesel engines.

9、Peter: What kind of engine do sedans usually have?Wendy: (5) .Peter: And what about trucks?Wendy: (6) .Menu Back Next A gasoline enginefuel useddivided into A diesel engine2. Types of Internal Combustion EngineLOGOYour site here太陽(yáng)能汽車太陽(yáng)能汽車太陽(yáng)能普銳斯 LOGOYour site hereCNG汽車汽車LOGOYour site hereLPG汽車汽車LOGOY

10、our site here3. Engine Maintenance Tips Menu Listen to the passage about how to maintain the engine and choose the best answer to each question. Back Next 1. How many tips on maintaining the engine are there? A. 3.B. 4. D. 6.2. What should you do before you start the engine? B. Put the engine up. C.

11、 Change the spark plugs. D. Change the oil. 3. Which of the following is NOT a good idea? A. Dont store the engine with fuel in the tank. B. Avoid engine overheating. C. Change the timing belt based on the maintenance schedule. C. 5.A. Preheat the engine. D. Change the air filter as often as possibl

12、e. LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next It is important to keep the engine in good shape. The following are some tips for doing that. 1. Regular oil change is the most important factor in keeping the engine running. If you do it more often than suggested by the manufacturers schedule, thats even better.

13、2. Always preheat the engine before starting itespecially during break-in.3. Dont put the engine up or store it with fuel in the fuel tank.4. Try to avoid engine overheating.5. Changing spark plugs, air filter, timing belt, and other items based on the maintenance schedule will save you from expensi

14、ve repairs.3. Engine Maintenance Tips LOGOYour site here4. A Car with a Diesel Engine Menu Peter and Wendy are talking about Peters new diesel car. Work in pairs to complete the conversation by translating the Chinese in brackets into English and role-play it.Back Next LOGOYour site herePeter: Hi, W

15、endy. This is my new car. I bought it last month.Wendy: Oh! Its beautiful. (耗油量怎么樣？) Peter: Its very economic on fuel. Wendy: (這輛車用哪種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)？)Peter: Its equipped with an (先進(jìn)的柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)) Wendy: Diesel engine?Peter: Yeah.Wendy: (真不可思議！)Peter: You can try it. Wendy: OK, thank you.Menu Back Next How is the fue

16、l consumption? What kind of engine does the car have? advanced diesel engine. Thats incredible! 4. A Car with a Diesel Engine LOGOYour site here5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion EnginesMenu Back Next Read the following passage and do the exercises. Almost all cars currently use what is called a fou

17、r-stroke combustion cycle to convert gasoline into motion. The four strokes are intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion stroke, and exhaust stroke. The piston is connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod. As the crankshaft revolves, it has the effect of “resetting the cannon”. Since the

18、same process occurs in each cylinder, we will take a look at one cylinder to see how the four-stroke process works.Intake stroke The piston starts at the top, the intake valve opens. As the piston moves down, the air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. When the LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next

19、5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion Engines 四沖程內(nèi)燃機(jī) 目前，幾乎所有的汽車都采用四沖程燃燒循環(huán)把汽油的熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能。這四個(gè)沖程分別為：進(jìn)氣（吸氣）沖程、壓縮沖程、做功（點(diǎn)火）沖程和排氣沖程。 活塞通過(guò)連桿連接曲軸。當(dāng)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，就產(chǎn)生了如同“重新裝填大炮”一般的效果。由于每個(gè)氣缸內(nèi)部的工作程式是一樣的，因此我們只要研究一臺(tái)氣缸，就可對(duì)四沖程的工作程式略知一二了。進(jìn)氣沖程 活塞頂部開始運(yùn)作，進(jìn)氣門打開。當(dāng)活塞向下運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，空氣和燃油的混合物被吸入氣缸。活塞向下壓迫至氣缸末端時(shí)，進(jìn)氣門關(guān)閉，將空燃混合物封閉在氣缸內(nèi)。壓縮沖程 活塞向上抬升，壓縮在進(jìn)氣

20、沖程中吸入的空燃混合物。混合物被壓縮的程度則取決于該發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壓縮比。 做功沖程火花塞點(diǎn)火，引燃被壓縮的空燃混合物，由此產(chǎn)生的蒸汽可生成有力的膨脹。而這一過(guò)程中生成的巨大力量會(huì)推動(dòng)活塞向氣缸底部運(yùn)動(dòng)，促使曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，以提供LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next A. The four pictures below illustrate how the four-stroke process works. Please decide what they are according to the passage. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ combustion

21、stroke exhaust strokecompression strokeintake stroke5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion EnginesLOGOYour site here( ) 1. intake stroke a. 做功沖程( ) 2. air-fuel mixture b. 進(jìn)氣沖程( ) 3. combustion stroke c. 壓縮比( ) 4. compression ratio d. 空氣燃料混合物( ) 5. firing order e. 排氣沖程 ( ) 6. exhaust stroke f. 點(diǎn)火順序Menu B

22、ack Next B. Match the following phrases with their Chinese meanings.bdacf e 5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion EnginesLOGOYour site here6. A Hybrid Engine Menu Back Next Read the following passage and do the exercises. Hybrid Engines are described as engines that combine two or more sources of power

23、, generally gasoline and electricity. There are two types of gasoline-electric hybrid: the parallel hybrid, and the series hybrid. Both use gasoline-electric hybrid technology, but in radically different ways. In a parallel hybrid system, a gasoline engine and an electric motor work together to move

24、 the car forward, while in a series hybrid system, the gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor that powers the vehicle, or charges batteries that will power the motor. Both types of hybrids use a process called LOGOYour site here混合發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 混合發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是指由兩種或兩種以上動(dòng)力組合而成的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，這兩種動(dòng)力通常為汽油動(dòng)力和電能。油電混合動(dòng)力

25、又分為兩種：并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力和串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力。雖然這兩種動(dòng)力都采用油電混合技術(shù)，但運(yùn)作方式卻截然不同。 在并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)中，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)可同時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車前進(jìn)；而在串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)中，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)要么直接驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)，再由電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛，要么給電池充電，再通過(guò)蓄電池驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。這兩種混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)都采用了再生制動(dòng)方式，將制動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)能儲(chǔ)存在電池中，轉(zhuǎn)而發(fā)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。 并聯(lián)式和串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)都裝配了小型汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，其產(chǎn)生的污染物比常規(guī)的汽油車要少，但動(dòng)力也較小一些。為克服這種動(dòng)力差異，混合動(dòng)力汽車一般會(huì)采用碳纖維或鋁等超輕材料。Menu Back Next 6. A Hybrid Engine LO

26、GOYour site hereMenu Back Next A. Fill in the table according to the passage. DifferencesSimilaritiesThe parallel hybrid 1. _ _2. _ _ 3. _ _ The series hybrid The gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor that powers the vehicle, or charges batteries that will power the motor.A gasoli

27、ne engine and an electric motor work together to move the car forward.Both use gasoline-electric hybrid technology.Both have small gasoline engines.Both use regenerative braking technology. 6. A Hybrid Engine LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next B. Match the English phrases from the passage with their C

28、hinese meanings.( ) 1. parallel hybrid a. 動(dòng)能( ) 2. series hybrid b. 碳纖維( ) 3. regenerative braking c. 節(jié)油效率( ) 4. kinetic energy d. 并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力( ) 5. carbon fiber e. 再生制動(dòng)，回饋制動(dòng)( ) 6. fuel economy f. 串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力 d f e a b c6. A Hybrid Engine LOGOYour site here6. A Hybrid Engine Menu Back Next Notes1. parallel

29、hybrid: 并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力。并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)采用兩套獨(dú)立的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，即發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)不同的離合器來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車車輪。并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力擁有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)單獨(dú)驅(qū)動(dòng)、電動(dòng)機(jī)單獨(dú)驅(qū)動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)混合驅(qū)動(dòng)三種工作模式。當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提供的功率大于車輛所需驅(qū)動(dòng)功率或者車輛處于制動(dòng)狀態(tài)時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)可充當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)，給汽車蓄電池充電。與串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力相比，并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力只需要兩個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置，即發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)，而且，在蓄電池耗盡之前，相同性能的并聯(lián)式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)的尺寸比串聯(lián)式更小。LOGOYour site here6. A Hybrid Engine Menu Back Next 2. series hy

30、brid: 串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力。在串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)中，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出的機(jī)械能首先通過(guò)發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，轉(zhuǎn)化后的電能一部分用來(lái)給蓄電池充電，另一部分經(jīng)由電動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪。串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，但它需要三個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)。因而，裝配這種動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的車輛效率通常較低。設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，如果考慮到要爬長(zhǎng)坡，那么提供最大功率的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置的尺寸就會(huì)相應(yīng)較大；如果用作短途運(yùn)行，如通勤或購(gòu)物，那么相應(yīng)的內(nèi)燃機(jī)或發(fā)電機(jī)裝置應(yīng)采用較低的功率。3. regenerative braking: 再生制動(dòng)，回饋制動(dòng)。再生制動(dòng)是指獲取在傳統(tǒng)汽車制動(dòng)或空擋滑行時(shí)浪費(fèi)掉的能量的過(guò)程。非混合動(dòng)力汽車制動(dòng)時(shí)，制動(dòng)系

31、統(tǒng)會(huì)將汽車的動(dòng)量轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能，因此，汽車在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)“儲(chǔ)存”于汽車內(nèi)的動(dòng)能就被浪費(fèi)掉了。在混合動(dòng)力設(shè)計(jì)中，一部分被浪費(fèi)掉的汽車能量可通過(guò)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，而電動(dòng)機(jī)將執(zhí)行發(fā)電機(jī)的功能，在使汽車制動(dòng)的同時(shí)產(chǎn)生電能，向混合動(dòng)力蓄電池充電。LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next Lily is studying the gasoline engine and wants to know more about the cooling system. John writes an email to Lily to explain it. Complete the letter acco

32、rding to the following information. 7.Introducing the Cooling System of the Gasoline EngineSystemcooling systemFunctiondirect liquid coolant via passages in the engine block and heads;absorb the heat from an engineCooling cycle pass through a rubber hose to reach the radiator;hot liquid is cooled by

33、 the air stream entering the engine compartmentLOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next Dear Lily, In your last letter, you wanted to know more about the cooling system, so now Im writing to tell you about it. The cooling system of a vehicle operates or functions_ _. After that the liquid coolant . Then thi

34、s fluid . At this stage _ _. Once it has been cooled, it goes back to the engine and the same process repeats. Yours sincerely, John by directing liquid coolant via passages in the engine block and headsabsorbs the heat from an enginepasses through a rubber hose to reach the radiator the hot liquid

35、is cooled by the air stream entering the engine compartment7.Introducing the Cooling System of the Gasoline EngineLOGOYour site here( ) 1. Air pollution caused by cars is considered a serious problem by some Americans. ( ) 2. It is easy to make a clean-air car.( ) 3. Electric cars produce less pollu

36、tion than current cars. ( ) 4. Cutting down the total number of cars in America will not reduce the pollution they cause.( ) 5. If a car factory closes down, many workers may be laid off.Menu Back Next Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).8. Suppleme

37、ntary Reading TFTFTLOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next 9. Surfing the Internet Search the Internet for the automobile cooling system, and try to give us some basic information.For Reference AnswerLOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next 9. Surfing the Internet http:/www.automotive- The automobile cooling system consists of components or equipment installed in vehicles for removing heat