1、.Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the lo

2、ss of all on board.Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how de

3、ath threatened from the lake when storm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for death.It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzg

4、erald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore these ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into

5、the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captain and crew were all experienced, "well-seasoned" as the song says, they all knew the da

6、ngers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the words of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we

7、hear from him he is saying.;- $6 -Appendix Igoodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors

8、 and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory.Now let's listen to the song:The Wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldGordon LightfootThe legend lives on from the Chippewa on downOr the big lake they call Gitche GumeeTke lake, it is said, rfever gives up her deadWhen the skies or November tur

9、n gloomyWitk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons moreThan the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed emptyThat good ship and true was a hone to be chewedWhen the gales of November came earlyTke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back from some mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go, it wa

10、s kigger tkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasoned Concluding some terms witk a couple of steel firms Wken tkey left fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tke skip's kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkey'd been feelingTke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale sou

11、ndAnd a wave broke over tke railingAnd every man knew, as tke captain did tooTwas tke witck of Novemker come stealingTke dawn came late and the breakfast had to waitWken the Gales of November came slashingWhen afternoon came it was freezing rainIn the face of a hurricane west windAppendix 1- 6? -Whe

12、n suppertime came, the old cook came on deck sayingFellas1, it's too rough to reed ya2At seven PM a main hatchway caved in, he saidFellas, it's heen good to know yaThe captain wired in he had water coming inAnd the good ship and crew was in perilAnd later that night when his lights went out

13、of sightCame the wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldDoes any one know where the love of God goes When the waves turn the minutes to hours The searchers all say they'd have made Whitefish Bay If they'd put fifteen more miles hehind her They might have split up or they might have capsized They may

14、have broke deep and took water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wives and the sons and the daughters JLake Huron rolls, Superior singsIn the rooms of her ice'water mansionOld Michigan steams like a young man's dreamsThe islands and hays are for sportsmenAnd farther helo

15、w Lake OntarioTakes in what Lake Erie can send herAnd the iron boats go as the mariners all knowWith the Gales of November rememberedIn a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime Sailors' Cathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine timesFor each man on the Edmund Fitzge

16、rald.!1 fella: (slang) fellow2 ya: (slang) you- 66 -Appendix 1Trie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or the nig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior, they said, never gives up her dead When the gales or November come earlyPart II Text Alexf Organization": -PartsParagraphs'' Main

17、 IdeasPart OneParas 1-2Introduction Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part TwoParas 3-11Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart ThreeParas 12-20Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart FourPara

18、21ConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.SectionsParagraphsMain IdeasSection OneParas 12-13Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policySection TwoParas 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and StalingradSection Three

19、Paras 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations2) heroic 4) limp6) regions 8) siegeAppendix I- $99) raw10) retreat11) have taken their toll12) In the case of13) campaign14) at the cost of15) has been brought to a halt2

20、.1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) picking up6) falling apart7) cut back8) take over3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casual

21、ties.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete.4.1) At that

22、time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength.

23、In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet tro

24、ops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II. More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and

25、 in theno-man's-land between the trenches.2)Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wonde

26、red how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.- 90 -Appendix IIII. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeksand nobody knew anything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a hea

27、rt attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warmyou could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Structure1.1) To

28、 his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.4) We think, much to our regret, that we

29、 will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas.2.1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of

30、 France, but came to live in the UnitedStates at the age of four. 4)The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States forabout 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze2.stand in the way4.catching. off his guard6.declaration8.d

31、rag on10.die from(A)1. invasion3. Conquest5. launching7. campaign9. reckon with 11. bringing.to a haltAppendix I- 91 -(B)1. In2.since3. the4.and5. it6.that/who7. of/about8.across9. to10.lost11. to12.with13. buried14.in15. than16.between17. from18.to19. downII. TranslationThe offensive had already la

32、sted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a mar

33、shland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and th

34、e marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextB.-2. d 4. aComprehension Check1. d 3. b- 92 -Appendix ITranslation(#J

35、E Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call .off5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13. favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related

36、 Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:".

37、 He sat there . tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go."Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes i

38、n medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit

39、back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I- 98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations t

40、o come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:What will the world be like in five hundred years

41、9; time? A thousand years' time? Or more? Some people are optimistic, looking forward to a better world. Others are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get worse. The writer of the song you are about to listen to takes the pessimistic view. Looking further and further into the future thin

42、gs seem to him to get worse and worse. By 3535, he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs. Looking further still into the future he foretells that our bodies will waste away as machines do everything for us. Family life as we know it will fade away as children are bred artifi

43、cially, chosen, in the words of the song, "from the bottom of a long black tube." Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of the planet and avoiding using up all its resources, he ends by wondering whether man will still be around in the future. It's enough, as h

44、e says, to make even God shake his head.Here is the song:In the Year 2525Zager & EvansIn the year 2525 If man is still alive If woman can survive They may find- 9 -Appendix IIn the year 3535Ain't gonna need* to tell the truth, tell no lies Everything you think, do, or say Is in the pill you

45、took todayIn the year 4545Ain't gonna need your teeth, won't need your eyesYou won't rind a thing to doNobody's gonna look at youIn the year 5555Your arms are hanging limp at your sidesYour legs not nothing to doSome machine is doing that for youIn the year 6565Ain't gonna need n

46、o husband, won't need no wife-:You'll pick your son, pick your daughter .tooFrom the bottom of a long black tube.In the year, 7510. If God's a-comin' he ought to make it by then;Maybe he'll look around himself and sayGuess it's time for the Judgment Day1.In the year 8510God&#

47、39;s gonna shake his mighty head.He'll either say I'm pleased where man has been Or tear it down and start againIn the year 9595I'm kinda wondering if man's gonna be alive He's taken everything this old earth can give And he ain't put back nothing1 the Judgment Day: the end o

48、f the world, the time of God's final judgment of all peopleAppendix I- 95Now it's been 10,000 years Man has cried a billion tears For what he never knew Now man's reign is through But through the eternal night The twinkling of starlight So very far away Maybe it's only yesterdayPart

49、II Text A'lText OrganizationPartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-3New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.Part TwoParas 4-9With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine

50、 their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.Part ThreeParas 10-13GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way.1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act2) They can eliminate most car accidents;3) They

51、can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen;4) They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby;5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6) They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 3) vapor2) manufacturing 4) ta

52、ke control of: . j-96-Appendix 1hazards convert bunched got/was stuck in application mounted send out result from starting up give up5)7)9)11)13)15)2. 1) 3) 5) 7)3. 1)2) 3)4)5)4.1)6) satellite8) magnetic10)in the air12)approximately14)monotonous2)stand up for4)making up for6)play upplay up8)take ont

53、ake onWith regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, some professors from Stanford and Harvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well. As a Special Administrativ

54、e Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gambling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.2) 3)Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung

55、 cancer are correlated. Expanded use of computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/into pollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by

56、 the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars. Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is m

57、easured in hertz, or vibrations per second. Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control technologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle a