1、Elements: Lithium, Beryllium, Sodium (Natrium), Magnesium, Calcium, Aluminum, Potassium (Kalium), Barium Chromium, Palladium, Platinum, Cadmium, titanium, Iron (Ferrum), Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper (Cuprum), Silver, Gold, Mercury Boron, Carbon, Silicon Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine Phosp

2、horus, SulfurInorganic compoundsOxide: CO (Carbon monoxide) NO (Nitrogen oxide) NO2 (Nitrogen dioxide) N2O3 (Nitrogen trioxide) N2O5 (pentoxide) N2O (nitrous oxide) Fe2O3 (Ferric oxide), FeO (Ferrous oxide); MnO (Manganous oxide) Mn2O3 (Manganic oxide), H2MnO4 (Manganic acid) MnO2 (Manganese dioxide

3、), Halide: NH4Cl (Ammonium Chloride), CaF2 (Calcium fluoride), NaBr (Potassium bromide), KI (Potassium Iodide) PCl3 (Phosphorus trichloride) Acid:一一Non-oxygen acid二二Acid containing-oxygen -H2O-O-O-OS O分子間分子間 -H2O分子內(nèi)分子內(nèi) -H2O-O-O+ 5+ 3+ 1 HNO3 (Nitric acid, +5); -OHClO2 (Chlorous acid) (亞亞)-O-O-O+ 5+

4、7+ 3+ 1Alkali: Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxide NaOH Sodium hydroxideSalt:Organic compounds1. Hydrocarbon a) Saturated Methane (C1); Ethane(C2); Propane (C3); Butane (C4); Pentane (C5); Hexane (C6); Heptane (C7); Octane (C8); Nonane (C9); Decane(C10); Undecane (C11); Dodecane (C12

5、); Tri+decane(C13); Tetra+decane(C14) .Nona+decane(C19) CH4 (Methane) -CH3 (Methyl) C2H6 (Ethane) -C2H5 (Ethyl) -C=C-CPropenyl propene); C=C-C- (allyl); -CC (Ethynyl Ethyne); C=C- (Vinyl )b) Unsaturated H3CCH3but-2-ynehexa-2,4-diyneH3Cpropene2-methylbut-2-enehexa-1,3,5-trienebuta-1,3-dieneCH3CH3CH3C

6、H3C2H5CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH32,4,5-trimethylheptane2,2-dimethylpropane4-methyl,5-isopropyloctane or4-methyl,5-(2-methylethyl)octanec) Aromatic Cyclo-OctadecaneCH3benzenetolueneCH3xyleneCH3phenylCH2benzylnaphthaleneanthracenecyclohexanecyclopenta-1,3-dieneBicyclo2.2.1heptaneBicyclo2.2.2octaneCH3C

7、H3CH3biphenyl1,3,7-trimethylnaphthalene2. Halogenated HydrocarbonCl2-chlorobutaneCl2-chloro-2-methylpropaneH CIHHBr3-bromocyclohexeneFBrCl3-bromo-5-chloropenta-1,3-dieneiodomethanefluorobenzeneCH3Cl(methyl chloride)chloromethaneCH2CHClchloroethylene(vinyl chloride)Cl(chloromethyl)benzene(benzyl chlo

8、ride)3. Hydrocarbon Containing OOHethanolH3COH3-methylbutan-2-olOHOHOHglycerolOHOHpropane-1,3-diolOHphenolOHOHpyrocatecholOHOHresorcinolOHOHhydroquinone(benzene-1,2,-diol)(benzene-1,3,-diol)(benzene-1,4,-diol)*As a substituted group, it is called “hydroxy e.g. Hydroxy-cellulose; 7-hydroxy-choleterol

9、COOHOH3-hydroxybutanoic acida)b)O CH3methyl phenyl etherOoxirane(Epoxy ethane)CH3OCH3dimethyl etherCH3OC2H5ethyl methyl etherOHOC2H54-ethoxyphenolOCl2-chloro-oxirane*As a substituted group, it is called “alkoxy COOHOCH33-methoxybutanoic acidO2NOCH31-methoxy-3-nitrobenzenec)d)CH3CHOacetaldehydeH CHOf

10、ormaldehydeCHObut-2-enalOHCpentanalOO1-phenylethanoneO1-phenylbutan-2-oneOacetonehex-4-en-3-oneCHOO3-oxopentanalOHCCHOOH3-hydroxyhexanedialFCHO2-fluorobenzaldehydeCHOCOOH3-formylbenzoic acidCH3COOHacetic acidH COOHformic acidCOOHpropionic acidCOOHbutyric acide) Carboxylic acidCOOHpentanoic acidCOOHd

11、ecanoic acidCOOH3-methylbutanoic acidHOOCCOOH3-methylpentanedioic acidHOOCbut-3-enoic acidCOOHCOOHphthalic acidCOOHbenzoic acidNCOOHpyridine-2-carboxylic acidC11H23COOHlauric acidC13H27COOHmyristic acidC15H31COOHpalmitic acidstearic acidC17H35COOHC17H33COOHoleic acidCOOHcyclohexanecarboxylic acidCOO

12、Hacrylic acidCOOHCOOHCOOHbenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acidCOOHCOOHmaleic acidCOOHCOOHsuccinic acidCOOHHOOCfumaric acidCH3COOEtethyl acetateCH2CCOOMeCH3methyl 2-methylacrylateC11H23COOC3H7propyl lauratef ) Carboxylic acid derivativeOHCOOPhphenyl salicylateCOOMeCOOMe(di)methyl succinateCOOMeCOOEtethyl

13、methyl succinatemethyl succinate monoesterEtOOCCOOEtethyl terephthalate monoesterCOOMeHOOCCOOEtClethyl 3-chloro-4-methylbenzoateCOOBuCOOBudibutyl phthalateH3CCOOvinyl acetateOOObenzoic propanoic anhydrideOOOacetic anhydrideOOOphthalic anhydrideCH3OClacetyl chlorideOBrbutanoyl bromideCOClbenzoyl chlo

14、rideCOClcyclohexanecarbonyl chlorideCOBrOH2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl bromide4. Hydrocarbon Containing NNH2ethanamineNH22-methylpropan-1-amineNTriethylaminecyclohexanamineNH2NH2NN,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamineNH2NH2benzene-1,2-diamineNH2NH2butane-1,4-diamineNH2OH3-aminopropan-1-olNH2COOH2-aminobenzoi

15、c acidOHNN,N-dimethylaminoethanolCH3NO2nitromethaneO2NNO2NO22-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene(1,3,5-trinitro-toluene)NO1-methyl-4-nitrosobenzeneNNdiphenyldiazeneNNCH31-methyl-2-phenyldiazenePhNHNHPh1,2-diphenylhydrazinePhNHNHPh1,2-diphenylhydrazineNOCH3CH3N,N-dimethylbenzamideCONH2cyclopenta-1,3-diene-

16、1-carboxamidebenzamideCONH2COOH2-(aminocarbonyl)benzoic acidNH2OCH3CONH2acetamideNHOONHOOphthalimideSuccinimideCNbutyronitrileCNCNphthalonitrileCNCOOH3-cyanobenzoic acidCOOHCN2-cyanobutanoic acidCNbenzonitrileCNCNCN4-methylheptane-1,3,6-tricarbonitrileNCCOOEtethyl cyanoacetateCNCNCNheptane-1,3,6-tri

17、carbonitrile5. Hydrocarbon Containing SSO3Hethanesulfonic acidSO3H4-methylbenzenesulfonic acidSOOOHOHsulfuric acidCOOHSO3H2-sulfobenzoic acidSO3C2H5ethyl benzenesulfonateSOOOOC2H5C2H5diethyl sulfateCH2CH2SHCH3propane-1-thiolSHbenzenethiolSHcyclopentanethiolSHOHC4-mercaptobenzaldehydeSHCOOHmercaptoacetic acidShexane-3-thioneSHSHpentane-2,4-dithiolOHSH4-mercaptohexan-3-olOS2-thioxopentan-3-oneNH1H-pyrroleNNHNNH1H-pyrazo