1、2018年北京市高級中等學校招生考試英語試卷姓名：_ 準考證號:_考場號:_座位號:_考生須知1.本試卷共10頁，共五道大題，39道小題，滿分60分，考試時間90分鐘。2.在試卷和草稿紙上準確填寫姓名、準考證號、考場號和座位號。3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上。在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡鉛字筆作答。5.考試結束，請將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。知識運用（共14分）(2018·北京中考）一、單項填空（共6分，每小題0.5分）從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. (2018·北京中考

2、）My brother and I like football. _ play it together once a week.A. IB. TheyC. WeD. YouC【解析】考查人稱代詞辨析?？仗幋窶y brother and I兩人，所以用人稱代詞we。故選C。2. (2018·北京中考）Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift _ you.A. forB. inC.withD.fromA【解析】考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意判斷：Peter，生日快樂！這是送你的一份禮物。表示“為了；給”用介詞for。故選A。3. (2018·北京中考）_

3、 do you usually go to school, Mary?By bike.A. WhenB. HowC. WhereD. WhyB【解析】考查疑問副詞辨析。答語表示方式，提問用副詞How。故選B。4. (2018·北京中考）Many people like pandas _ they are cute.A. thoughB. ifC. whileD. becauseD【解析】考查連詞辨析。句意：很多人喜歡熊貓，因為它們可愛。表示原因用連詞because。故選D。5. (2018·北京中考）I _ go now, or Ill miss my train.A. c

4、anB. mightC. mustD. CouldC【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。can能；可以；might可能；must必須；一定；could會；可能；可以。根據(jù)句意判斷：我現(xiàn)在必須走了，否則我會趕不上火車了。故選C。6. (2018·北京中考）Tony is _ of the three boys, but he is the tallest.A. youngB. youngerC. youngestD. the youngestD【解析】考查形容詞比較等級辨析。根據(jù)of the three boys判斷，三者以上比較用最高級；最高級形式前用定冠詞the。故選D。7. (2018&#

5、183;北京中考）Bill likes reading. He _ picture books with his dad every evening.A. readB. readsC. is readingD. has readB【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)every evening判斷句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語He是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。8. (2018·北京中考）Paul, what were you doing at nine last night?I _ a movie in the cinema with my friends.A. was wat

6、chingB.watchC. have watched D. will watchA【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)問句中的時間“at nine last night”判斷句中動作表示過去時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，用過去進行時。故選A。(2018·北京中考）9. (2018·北京中考）David is a tennis player. He _ to play tennis when he was six years old.A. beginsB. will beginC. beganD. has begun C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語從句when he was six ye

7、ars old判斷主句時態(tài)使用過去時。故選C。10. (2018·北京中考）Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?Yes, he is. He _ history for nearly 20 years.A. teachesB. has taughtC. is teachingD. will teachB【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語for nearly 20 years判斷句中使用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選B。11. (2018·北京中考）A new international airport _ in the city next year.A. comp

8、letesB. is completed C. will complete D. will be completedD【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句中主語與謂語動詞構成動賓關系，應該使用被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)句中時間狀語next year判斷使用一般將來時。故選D。12. (2018·北京中考）Alice, could you tell me _ London?Sure. Last Sunday.A. when Mr. Smith leftB.when Mr. Smith will leaveB. when did Mr. Smith leaveD. when will Mr. Smith lea

9、veA【解析】考查賓語從句。賓語從句使用陳述語序，排除C、D兩項；根據(jù)答語時間last Sunday判斷使用一般過去時。故選A。2、 完形填空(共8分，每小題1分）(2018·北京中考）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。(2018·北京中考）Real Solutions(解決方法) to ProblemsThirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management deci

10、ded to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.The manager asked everyone to pick a ballo

11、on and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的) balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldnt blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure(壓力).Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a

12、result 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room. here and there.The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on. All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes

13、 but no one was able to 19 the the right one. The second level of the game was over.Then came the final level. The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to the person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes. all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.The manager an

14、nounced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.13. A. gameB. show C. concert D. party14. A. purposesB. suggestions C. thoughts D. plans15. A. quietlyB.carefully C. secretly D. clearly16. A. honestB. ready C. pa

15、tient D. successful17. A. checkedB. helped C. ruled D. cheated18. A. collectedB. weighed C. tied D. cleaned19. A. markB. hide C. number D. find20. A. freedB. reached C. lifted D. hit(2018·北京中考）體裁記敘文話題合作字數(shù)28213.A【解析】考查前后文理解。根據(jù)第四段第一句句意“那些沒能在氣球上寫上名字的工程師被排除出了游戲。”可知，這些工程師被召集在一個大廳里做游戲。故選A。14.C【解析】考查名

16、詞辨析。purpose目的；suggestion建議；thought想法；plan計劃。句意：他們都很驚訝，帶著各種不同的想法來到了大廳。故選C。15.B【解析】考查副詞辨析。quietly安靜地；carefully仔細地；認真地；secretly秘密地；clearly清晰地。句意：然后他們被要求不把氣球弄爆的情況下在各自的氣球上小心地寫上各自的名字。故選B。16.D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。honest誠實的；ready準備好的；patient耐心的；successful成功的。根據(jù)下句句意“五個氣球因為壓力（過大）爆了”推斷此句表示并非每個人都成功了。故選D。17.C【解析】考查動詞短語。c

17、heck out檢查；help out幫助解決；rule out排除；取消；clean out清掃。句意：那些沒能在氣球上標注姓名的工程師被取消（參加下面的）游戲。故選C。18.A【解析】考查動詞辨析。collect收集；weigh稱重；tie捆綁；clean清理。句意：所有帶名字的氣球被收集起來胡亂地放在了一個房間內(nèi)。故選A。19.D【解析】考查動詞辨析。mark標記；hide掩藏；number計數(shù)；find發(fā)現(xiàn)。句意：將近十五分鐘過去了，依然沒有人能找到自己的氣球。 故選D。20.B【解析】考查動詞短語。reach the hands拿到手。故選B。閱讀理解（共36分）3、 閱讀下列短文，

18、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。(2018·北京中考）（共26分，每小題2分）Roger: Hi, there! It was my 15th birthday last Saturday. Some of my friends and Alan. my cousin, came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift. We had a party. We played games. sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a

19、wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?Jessica: Yes. My class were on a school field trip last week. First, we went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars were students there! Then we visited a museum. We learned abo

20、ut how the plane was invented and took many pictures there.Sara:Well. I was lucky enough to go to a conference(會議) on charity(慈善) last Wednesday. I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he has do

21、ne in the past few years.Martin: It was a different week than usual. Last Thursday, my school band(樂隊) went to Atlanta to perform in a competition. I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday, we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from all over the world. I

22、t was really cool!21. When did Roger have his birthday party?A. Last Wednesday.B. B. Last Thursday.C. Last Friday.D. Last Saturday.22. Who went on a school field trip last week?A. Alan. B. B.Jessica.C. Sara.D. Richard23. Martin went to Atlanta to _.A. speak at a conferenceB. organize a partyC. perfo

23、rm in a competition D. visit a university(2018·北京中考）體裁記敘文話題校園生活 詞數(shù)220【主旨大意】本文通過四位同學對上周活動的描述向我們展示了他們多彩的生活。Roger上周六過15歲生日；Jessica上周參加了學校組織的野外旅行；Sara上周三參加了一場慈善會議；Martin所在的學校樂隊上周四參加了一場比賽并獲獎；周五去了水族館。21.D 【解析】細節(jié)考查題。根據(jù)Roger所說“It was my 15th birthday last Saturday”可知，他的生日派對是在上周六。故選D。22.B 【解析】細節(jié)考查題。根據(jù)第二

24、段Jessica所說“My class were on a school field trip last week”可知，參加學校野外旅行的是Jessica。故選B。23.C 【解析】細節(jié)考查題。根據(jù)Martin所說“Last Thursday, my school band went to Atlanta to perform in a competition”可知，樂隊去Atlanta是參加比賽。故選C。(2018·北京中考）BA Beautiful MomentWhen I was in high school, I worked part time helping Dad s

25、ell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French). “Theyre good!” I knew it

26、 was French, because I can speak and understand it.Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her so

27、n if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together. I was sure she was blind.Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each

28、 one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be

29、picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits, as the two kids did.It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didnt tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day.24. The woma

30、n and her kids came to the market to buy _.A. fruitsB. vegetables C. candiesD. toys25. According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldnt _.A. speakB. seeC. smellD. hear26. The writer was moved because _.A. the mother was brave to face her problemsB. the kids were polite and kind to ea

31、ch otherC. the mother was careful in picking out thingsD. the kids were so willing to help their mother(2018·北京中考）體裁記敘文話題故事詞數(shù)30924. A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They were looking the fruits in front of me”判斷這位女士和她的孩子要買水果。故選A。25. B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“ I was sure she was blind（我相信她是盲人）”推斷可知她看不見。故選B。26. D 【解析】

32、綜合推斷題。綜合第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者深受兩個孩子的感動是因為他們在如此年齡就自愿幫助母親干活，而不是像同齡人一樣去挑選糖果玩具。故選D。(2018·北京中考）CSome primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and gray matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associate

33、d(關聯(lián)) with beneficial effects on cognitive function(認知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接觸) to green space in the living places was recorded-using the information o

34、n the childrens addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging(MR). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中) were graded with computers.“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green

35、 space and brain structure.” says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with

36、white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary

37、 for brain development in children Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities

38、 to search and learn. Accordingly. green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery. creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.Dr. Dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green s

39、pace on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other population, settings and climates. And researchers

40、 need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27. The second paragraph is mainly about_.A. how the study was performed B. what was recorded in the studyC. how long the study lastedD. who took part in the study28. The word “prompt” in Paragraph 6 probably means “_”.A

41、. control B. encourageC. balanceD. change29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.D. Living in gre

42、ener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.題材說明文話題科普知識（綠色空間對大腦認知的影響）詞數(shù)395【主旨大意】本文是一篇科普文章，主要講述了綠色空間對大腦認知的一個影響。巴塞羅那全球健康研究所通過調(diào)查在校學生發(fā)現(xiàn)，在生活中多接觸綠色空間，對學生的認知功能有積極影響，并且增強工作記憶，減輕注意力不集中。27. A段落主旨歸納題。第二段主要介紹了本次調(diào)查研究是如何進行的，因此選A。28. B詞義猜測題。 Accordingly. green space is thought to prompt important exe

43、rcises in discovery. creativity and risk taking. 相應地，綠色空間被認為能在發(fā)現(xiàn)力、創(chuàng)造力和冒險中促進重要的鍛煉。prompt 是促進，鼓舞的意思。control是控制， encourage是鼓勵 balance是平衡 change是改變，只有encourage的感情色彩是正面的，因此選B。 29. D綜合推斷題。本文主要講述了綠色空間對大腦認知的影響，文章分別從第三段、第四段、 第五段、第六段以及第七段論證該觀點。D項 “居住在綠化更好的社區(qū)有助于孩子們大腦的發(fā)育”符合文意，故選D。 (2018·北京中考）DWe often reac

44、h a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, theres always something staring at us right under our nose but we dont see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.When do w

45、e realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when thing

46、s get rough and difficult.The only tune most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽視) it.Change will happen, like it or hate it

47、. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize its for our own good.Happy people dont just accept change, they embrace(擁抱) it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box

48、 of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.Jane always tells everyone that she doesnt have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed.

49、 Every time a great crowd come. she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!Self-improvement may not be everybodys favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of c

50、ounting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that were beginning to take th

51、ings light and become happy.30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that _.A. we learn our lessons when we experience painB. we are responsible for the problems we meetC. life fails us when we get into the wrong wayD. life is a long journey full of ups and downs31. What is

52、 the key to solving Janes problem?A. She needs to remember why she started.B. She has to know how to get on with people.C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.32. The writer probably agrees that _.A. the world tells us how to

53、 improve ourselvesB. people change when they find it easy to do thatC. welcoming change in life is a drive to become betterD. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler 33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Is it important to take things light?B. Is i

54、t necessary to embrace challenges?C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?題材議論文話題自我改善能力？詞數(shù)416【主旨大意】本文主要談論只有當一切變得最糟糕時，我們才會想到釋放出我們自我完善能力。不管喜歡或討厭，改變總會發(fā)生。樂觀的人不僅接受改變，而且擁抱它。而Jane 總是說她沒有勇氣出現(xiàn)在人群面前，把她自己鎖在屋子里。只有當我們享受釋放出我們自我完善能力的過程，我們將會認識到我們開始不在乎事情，并變

55、得開心。30 . A理解判斷題。由第二段的三個問題“當我們的襯衫和牛仔褲不適合我們，我們才會意識到我們需要改變飲食。當我們的牙齒都掉光了，才會停止吃糖和巧克力。肺變壞了，才會意識到停止吸煙?！边@三個痛苦的事情，使我們獲得教訓。故選A。31 . C 細節(jié)理解題。由“Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it! Jane 不僅相信她的故事，而且生活在其中?！笨纱_定答案C。32 . C 推理判斷題。由“only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improv

56、ement power will we realize that were beginning to take things light and become happy. ” 可確定答案C。33 . D主旨大意題。由“Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. ”。故選D。(2018·北京中考）閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題（共10分，每小題2分）When it comes to the le

57、tter grade on your test or homework. you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?In the A, B, C, D and F grading system. the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”. The word “fail” happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not-passing” or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory