1、2018 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó) 統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ) （ 全國(guó)卷 1） 及答案 解析2018 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ) （全國(guó)卷1）及答案解析英語(yǔ)第一部分聽(tīng)力 （ 共兩節(jié)，滿分 30 分 做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷 上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié) （ 共 5 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 7.5 分 ）聽(tīng)下面 5 段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有 10 秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀 下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例 : How much is the shirt?A. 19.

2、15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是 C。1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give atalk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She ' s generous.B. She 's curious.C.She' s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30. C. At10:304. How does the woman go t

3、o work?A. By carB. On footC. Bybike.C.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.Doctor and patient.第二節(jié)（共 15小題; 每小題 1.5分。滿分 22.5分）聽(tīng)下面 5 段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、 B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題， 每小題 5 秒鐘，聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀 兩遍。聽(tīng)

4、第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 題6. What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology.B. Education. C.Chemistry聽(tīng)第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 題。8. What is the mam?A. A hotel manager.B. A tour guide. C. Ataxi driver.9. W

5、hat is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking for some local foods.B. Showing her around the seaside.C. Offering information about a hotel.聽(tīng)第 8 段材料，回答第 10至 12 題。10. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office.B. At home.C. At arestaurant.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow eve

6、ning?A. Go to a concert.B. Visit a friend.C.Work extra hours.12. Who is Alice going to call?A. Mike. Catherine.B. JoanC.聽(tīng)第 9 段材料，回答第 13至 16 題。13. Why does the woman meet the man?A. To look at an apartmentB. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the c

7、arpet?A. Its color.B. Its design.quality.15. What does the man say about the kitchen?A. It ' s a good size.B. It ' s newly painted.adequately equipped.16. What will the woman probably do next?A. Go downtown.B. Talk with her friend.Make payment.聽(tīng)第 10段材料，回答第 17至 20題。17. Who is the speaker prob

8、ably talking to?A. Movie fans.B. News reporters.College students.18. When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. He ' s proud.B. He ' s sympathetic.grateful

9、.20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. How education shaped his life.B. How his language skills improved.C. ItsC. It ' sC.C.C. He ' sC. How he managed his business well.答案： 1-5 BCCBA6-10 BABCC11-15 ABAAC16-20BCBCA第二部分 閱讀理解 （共兩節(jié)，滿分 40 分）第一節(jié) （共 15 小題；每小題 2分，滿分 30分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C

10、和 D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在 答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the tr

11、ees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments

12、and memorials on the National Mail as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and local

13、s looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（ 路線 ） make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.W

14、ashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capital Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are make for pho

15、totaking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle

16、Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bike Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour

17、 at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.此篇為有小標(biāo)題的應(yīng)用文，內(nèi)容為華盛頓四種騎車游的介紹，配備 3 道細(xì)節(jié)理 解題，出題形式中規(guī)中矩，相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單。此類文章根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞仔細(xì) 回原文尋找對(duì)應(yīng)即可。21. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目問(wèn) “哪一個(gè)騎車游需要提前預(yù)定 ”，根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容中的 “ Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear（在有效期和櫻花消失前預(yù)約 ） ”可知應(yīng)選 A。此題難點(diǎn)在于熟悉詞匯 （

18、in advance 和 reserve）。22. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目問(wèn) “首都騎車游中你能做什么 ”，根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容中的 “ Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks （知識(shí)豐富的向?qū)?huì)給你講關(guān)于總 統(tǒng)、國(guó)會(huì)、紀(jì)念館還有公園的最有趣的故事） ”可知應(yīng)選 D 選項(xiàng) “聽(tīng)有趣的故事 ”。23. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目問(wèn) “以下哪一個(gè)是夜間騎車游提供的 ”，根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容中的 “ All riders

19、 are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights （所有騎行者裝備 反光背心和安全燈） ”可知應(yīng)選 D 選項(xiàng)。BGood Morning Britain 'Sussanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a ti

20、ght budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what sh

21、e's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, I4, Finn, 13. and Jack, 11We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains,“I pay 5 is fo一r a份 p)o, rtion (but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they

22、are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food. But sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series ( 系列節(jié)目 )， Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to g

23、et value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expenses, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight' s Faster special, they come tothe aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team

24、transforms the family' s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but stilltasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?B. She has started a newD. She has had a tight budgetB. He prepares food for her kids.D. He invites guest families forA. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. prog

25、ramme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her.C. He assists her in cooking matters. her.26. What does the author intend to doA. Summarize the previous paragraphs. readers.C. Add some background informat

26、ion. discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartC. Making yourself a Perfect Chefin paragraph4?B. Provide some advice for theD. Introduce a new topic for theB. Balancing Our Daily Diet D. Cooking Well for Less24. B.細(xì)節(jié)題，出處可定位至第一段 her latest role ，為各種家庭展示如何

27、用比較少的 預(yù)算去做既好吃又有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的飯菜； A 選項(xiàng)雖然提到 Susanna 和 guest，但是 embarrass 偷換了原文的概念，可以排除； C 選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有； D 選項(xiàng)原文中未提 到她自己的家庭預(yù)算很緊張。25. C.細(xì)節(jié)題，出處定位至第二段 with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under $5 per family a day. 可知 Matt 在烹飪事物上幫助了 Susanna。26. C.細(xì)節(jié)題，出處

28、定位至 Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, 可知作者是為讀者介紹了 Save Money 這個(gè)節(jié)目是 怎么來(lái)的，即是背景信息，故選擇 C 項(xiàng)。27. D.主旨題， 主旨句一般可定位至文章的第一段， but 后的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn) she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight

29、budget. 可知答案 D。CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers , small tightly knit （ 聯(lián)系 ） groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.

30、 Some language experts believe that 10000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In r

31、ecent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish an

32、d Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.

33、Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000; Africa 2400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200, of which PapuaNew Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number ( 中位數(shù) ) of speakers is a mere 6000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer peop

34、le than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction ( 消 亡 ), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busum in Cameroon (eight remaining Speaker), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australi

35、a (one, with a question-mark) none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. number.C. They had similar patterns. connected.29. Which of the following best explainsA. Complex.C. Powerful.B. They were lar

36、ge inD. They were closely“ dominant ” underlined in paragraph 2?B. Advanced.D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6000 people at present? A. About 6800 B. About 3400C. About 2400 D. About 120031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People ' s

37、lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.28. B細(xì)節(jié)題。由 hunter-gatherer times 定位到第一自然段，根據(jù) when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them. 可是當(dāng)時(shí)人少，但是語(yǔ)言很多。29. C.

38、猜題題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over, 列舉的英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、中文等都是使用 人數(shù)較多等語(yǔ)言，所以選擇 powerful30. B. 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段 At present, the world has about 6800 languages 和 The median number （ 中位數(shù) ） of speakers is a were 6000 ,which means that half the world's la

39、nguages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知現(xiàn)在有 3400 種語(yǔ)言 被少于 6000 人說(shuō)。31. C.主旨題，根據(jù) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going . 可知增加的語(yǔ)言 少消失的語(yǔ)言多，且本文按照時(shí)間順序?qū)懽鳎v了隨著人類發(fā)展，很多語(yǔ)言消 失。所以選擇 C。DWe may think we ' re a cul

40、ture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（裝置） well after they go out of style. That' s bad news for theenvironment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the n

41、ews ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using. Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using th

42、e device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs enter

43、ed homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “ The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the k ids ' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one

44、researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We' re not just keeping these old d ewvei cescontinue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktopmonitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst device

45、s with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解決方案）? The team's date only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with

46、new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on demand environment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are env

47、ironment-friendly. old.B. They are no better than theC. They cost more to use at home. quickly.D. They go out of style33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals. product.B. To test the life cycle of aC. To update consumers on new technology. electricity con

48、sumption of the devices.D. To find out34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.32.

49、 A根據(jù)第一段最后一句 “That 's bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things. 可知”，做同樣的事，舊的過(guò)時(shí)的裝置比新裝置消耗更多能源， 對(duì)環(huán)境有害。通過(guò)對(duì)比可知，新裝置對(duì)環(huán)境有益，所以選 A。B、C 不對(duì)，D 沒(méi) 提到。33. D根據(jù)第二段第一句 “To figure out how much power these devices are us

50、ing. 可 知， Babbitt 團(tuán)隊(duì)組織這個(gè)研究是為了弄清這些裝置使用多少能源，所以選 D 當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn) why 時(shí)，在原文中找 to 或 because。34. B根據(jù)第二段 “This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s before tablets-r eanad eers showed up in 2007.可知，tablet 便簽是最新出現(xiàn)的， 又因?yàn)榈谝欢巫詈笠痪?“That 's bad news for environment and

51、our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things. 可知，新裝”置比舊裝置消耗能 源少，所以 tablet 消耗最少的能源，選 B35. A根據(jù)最后一段 “ consumers replaced old products with new electronics 可知，”文 章建議人們用新裝置代替舊裝置，所以選 A ，停止使用舊裝置。第二節(jié) （共 5 小題；每小題 2分，滿分 10分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的

52、最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩 項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Color is fundamental in home design something you ' ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that' s full oflife? Professional? Or are you just look

53、ing for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to make a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there' re r

54、eally only three kinds of decisions you need tomake about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.38 . They ' re the little spotosf color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us used to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting yo

55、ur walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofa, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and

56、 they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors.Whether you ' re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are usefulB. What

57、ev er you ' re looking forC. If you ' re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we' re most familiar withE. It ' s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices

58、 in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways解析：36. B 上文中提到 “你是否在尋找你意中的房間 ”并給出了幾種選擇。 B選項(xiàng)承接 了上句的問(wèn)題， “無(wú)論你在尋找什么 ”并且引出了下句的答案 “顏色是重要因素 ”。37. A 選項(xiàng)中的 them 指代上文中的 different techniques 和下文中的 they 指代內(nèi) 容相同。38. D 上一段末尾提到要介紹三種顏色選擇，本段詳細(xì)介紹第一種small colorchoice.39. G 本段主要內(nèi)容是 medium color choice,