1、現(xiàn)在分詞講解-PPT-可演示 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone否定式否定式 ：在現(xiàn)在分詞的前面直接加：在現(xiàn)在分詞的前面直接加not v1.現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式的一般式和完成式。一般式用來(lái)指和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的行為；完成式（having + 過(guò)去分詞）用來(lái)指在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：vBeing a student, he was interested in books. vHavi

2、ng studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well. 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)含義二、現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)含義v2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式的一般式和完成式。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，分詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，就用分詞完成式被動(dòng)形式。如：vThe question being discussed is important. vHaving been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. v【注注】：being done 不能作狀語(yǔ)v hav

3、ing been done 不能作定語(yǔ)v分詞不管充當(dāng)什么成分，都和所修飾的名詞或者分詞不管充當(dāng)什么成分，都和所修飾的名詞或者代詞或者句子的主語(yǔ)形成主謂關(guān)系。代詞或者句子的主語(yǔ)形成主謂關(guān)系。v1.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)v分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞短語(yǔ)放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之前。相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句。如：vThe man standing by the windows is our teacher. （standing 和所修飾的man形成主謂關(guān)系）vIn the following years he worked even harder. 三、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能三、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功

4、能 who is standing by the windows In the years that followed 【注注】分詞作前置定語(yǔ)分詞作前置定語(yǔ)(不同含義）不同含義） 1.下列由動(dòng)詞變成形容詞化的分詞表達(dá)不同的含義。下列由動(dòng)詞變成形容詞化的分詞表達(dá)不同的含義。V-ing表示他表示他人他物令人感到怎么樣。人他物令人感到怎么樣。V-ed本身自己感到怎么樣本身自己感到怎么樣。 interesting , interested ;exciting, excited; annoying, annoyed; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused ; astonish

5、ing, astonished; boring, bored; confusing, confused; disappointing, disappointed; encouraging, encouraged; embarrassing, embarrassed ; frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired He had a _ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes. The boy answered in a _ (frightening, frightened) voice. terrifiedf

6、rightened His son was . The old man felt unhappy. His son was , so he regretted not having prepared much for the test. 2. 2.有些形容詞化的分詞表到不同的含義。有些形容詞化的分詞表到不同的含義。V-ingV-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。V-edV-ed表示動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。表示動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。 rising/risen, rising/risen, falling/fallen, falling/fallen, developing /develop

7、eddeveloping /developed , , changing/ changed, changing/ changed, fading /fadedfading /faded, boiled/ , boiled/ boiling ,boiling ,drowning/ drowneddrowning/ drowned China is a China is a developingdeveloping country. ( country. (發(fā)展中的發(fā)展中的) ) America is a America is a developeddeveloped country. count

8、ry. （發(fā)達(dá)的）（發(fā)達(dá)的） disappointingdisappointedboiling waterboiled waterfading flowers faded flowersa drowning mana drowned man falling leavesfallen leavesa retired workeran escaped prisonerreturned students 正在沸騰的正在沸騰的已經(jīng)沸騰過(guò)的已經(jīng)沸騰過(guò)的正在凋謝的正在凋謝的已經(jīng)凋謝的已經(jīng)凋謝的快要淹死的快要淹死的已經(jīng)淹死的已經(jīng)淹死的正在飄落的樹(shù)葉正在飄落的樹(shù)葉落落 葉葉退休工人退休工人逃犯逃犯 歸國(guó)留學(xué)生

9、歸國(guó)留學(xué)生分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句(1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother. The boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.I know the people building the house there.I know the people who are building the house there The building completed last month is a bank The building that was complet

10、ed last month is a bank The house being built over there is a shop. 被動(dòng),正在建 The house that is being built over there is a shop.The house built over there is a shop. （被動(dòng)、已建好）The house that is built over there is a shop.v2 作表語(yǔ)。如：作表語(yǔ)。如：vThe news is inspiring.v3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：vWe saw the teacher maki

11、ng the experiment. v注意：在注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have，notice等動(dòng)詞后，既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，也等動(dòng)詞后，既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，但兩者的含義是有區(qū)別的，可以用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，但兩者的含義是有區(qū)別的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生（即處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生（即處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，還沒(méi)有結(jié)束），用不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了（即動(dòng)作全過(guò)還沒(méi)有結(jié)束），用不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了（即動(dòng)作全過(guò)程結(jié)束了）。如：程結(jié)束了）。如：vI saw the girl getting on

12、the bus. vI saw the girl get into the car and drive off. v【注注】：“have + 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞”表示主體表示主體使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；“have + 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”表示動(dòng)作是別人做的或與主體意志表示動(dòng)作是別人做的或與主體意志無(wú)關(guān)。如：無(wú)關(guān)。如：vHe had his clothes washed. v（他叫別人洗了衣服。）vWe had the fire burning all day. v（我們使火燃燒了一整天。） 1.語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài) 含義：（主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)， 一般時(shí)與完

13、成時(shí)， 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 原因狀語(yǔ)， 方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ) ，條件狀語(yǔ)， 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，讓步狀語(yǔ)） v2.主語(yǔ)一致性： 分詞語(yǔ)態(tài)與主句主語(yǔ)一致v3.避免重復(fù)連詞 v4.否定詞位置v5.有些動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)含義v6.有些動(dòng)詞分詞作為插入語(yǔ)v7.Being done不做狀語(yǔ)4.作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)v主語(yǔ)一致性主語(yǔ)一致性 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞形式都動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞形式都可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)作句子的狀語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)作句子的狀語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不管用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，分詞的邏不管用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)都應(yīng)當(dāng)與句子的實(shí)際主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：輯主語(yǔ)都應(yīng)當(dāng)與句子的實(shí)際主語(yǔ)保

14、持一致。如：1.Hearing the news, his tears rolled down his face. When he heard the news, his tears rolled down his face.2.Watered in time, he could grow the flower better than before.Watering the flower in time, he could grow the flower better than before.Watered in time, the flower could grow better than

15、before.錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)A.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：_ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. While I was wandering through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer.B.作原因狀語(yǔ)：作原因狀語(yǔ)： _(know) her address, we could get in touch with her. Because we knew her address, we could get in touch with her. Wand

16、eringKnowing C.方式方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ); She watched the film, _ (weep ) and _ (sigh). She watched the film, while she wept and sighedD.作條件狀語(yǔ)：作條件狀語(yǔ)： _ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.weepingsighingPlayingvE.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：(意料中的結(jié)果意料中的結(jié)果) The

17、 hunters fired, _(shoot) one of the wolves. v區(qū)別區(qū)別: 不定式表示意外的結(jié)果不定式表示意外的結(jié)果 vHe hurried to the station, only _ (find) the train had left. vF.作讓步狀語(yǔ)：作讓步狀語(yǔ)： _ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. Though it rained heavily, it cleared up very soon. shootingto findRainingv1、某些表示內(nèi)在品質(zhì)和性能的不及物動(dòng)詞的非進(jìn)行體、某些表示內(nèi)在品質(zhì)

18、和性能的不及物動(dòng)詞的非進(jìn)行體形式，如：形式，如：lock(鎖鎖)， open(開(kāi)開(kāi)), clean（弄干凈（弄干凈, move（移動(dòng)）（移動(dòng)）, wash（洗）（洗）, sell（賣(mài)）（賣(mài)）, write（寫(xiě)）（寫(xiě)）, weigh（稱(chēng)重）（稱(chēng)重）, measure（量）（量）, read（讀）（讀）, shut（關(guān)）（關(guān)）, break（打碎）（打碎）, ride（騎）（騎）, wear（穿）（穿）, add up（加起來(lái)）等等（加起來(lái)）等等, 句中往往用物作主語(yǔ)，且與一個(gè)行句中往往用物作主語(yǔ)，且與一個(gè)行為方式狀語(yǔ)（常用作行為方式狀語(yǔ)的副詞有：為方式狀語(yǔ)（常用作行為方式狀語(yǔ)的副詞有：well,

19、 easily, long, fast, smoothly, rough等等）連或用于否等等）連或用于否定，表示某物展示出的該動(dòng)作的某一特性，該特性促使定，表示某物展示出的該動(dòng)作的某一特性，該特性促使動(dòng)作得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：動(dòng)作得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：vGlass breaks easily. 玻璃易打碎。玻璃易打碎。My pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆好寫(xiě)。我的鋼筆好寫(xiě)。This kind of car sells very well. 這種車(chē)銷(xiāo)路很好。這種車(chē)銷(xiāo)路很好。The material wont wear. 這種材料不經(jīng)久耐用。這種材料不經(jīng)久耐用。四、用主

20、動(dòng)表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)詞四、用主動(dòng)表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)詞v2、某些表狀態(tài)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，如、某些表狀態(tài)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，如 look, smell, taste, feel, sound等等，它通常以形容詞作表等等，它通常以形容詞作表語(yǔ)，一般不跟副詞，不與語(yǔ)，一般不跟副詞，不與to be連用。連用。vCotton feels soft. 棉花摸起來(lái)很柔軟。棉花摸起來(lái)很柔軟。He looks blue. 他顯得神情沮喪。他顯得神情沮喪。This dish tastes delicious. 這道菜味道鮮美。這道菜味道鮮美。His conclusion sounded reasonable. 他的結(jié)他的結(jié)論聽(tīng)起來(lái)很

21、合理。論聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理。有些動(dòng)詞看似被動(dòng)用主動(dòng)在用法上的體現(xiàn) _ delicious, the soup was sold out sooner or later. A. To smell B. Smelled C. Smelt D. Smelling_such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered DA被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)含義(括號(hào)中是對(duì)應(yīng)的主動(dòng)結(jié)詞） be seated (sit) ,

22、 be dressed (wear), be devoted to (devote sth. to ) be involved in ， be addicted to be absorbed in ，be faced with (face/face up to) be convinced (believe) ， be occupied with be determined to ， be intended for based on (depending on) be located in (lie in /stand in) be informed of (know) 對(duì)比1.The film

23、 was made based on a true old story. The film was made depending on a true old story. 2. Devoted to his research, he almost forgot everything. Devoting himself to his research, he almost forgot everything.3.The woman kept her eyes fixed on her baby for quite some time.The woman kept her eyes looking

24、 at her baby for quite some time.分詞作插入語(yǔ)分詞作插入語(yǔ) 但是也有分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的實(shí)際主語(yǔ)不一致的情況，如：分詞作插入語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。例如： generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)， talking of （speaking of） 說(shuō)道 strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō) ， judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來(lái)看 ， considering- 考慮到-taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái) provided th

25、at-/ supposing that- 如果-例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。 _the past, our life is becoming much better. vComparing with B. Be compared with A.C. To compare with D. Compared WithD有些動(dòng)詞含義不同，同一動(dòng)詞兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Considering his age, he is not fit for the job. Considered the best detective, he

26、was sent to track down the assassin2. Judging from past performances, he is not likely to do very well in his exams. Judged unpractical, the plan was abandoned.v下面考考你，看你是否已經(jīng)掌握了這一點(diǎn)。1._from his accent, he must be from Australia. A.Judging B.Judgedv2._innocent,he was set free. v A.Judging B.Judged3._th

27、e state of mind she was in, shed better stay at home. v A.Considering B.Considered4._most useful, English is studied by millions of people in the world. v A.Considering B.Considered5._to be the symbol of the nation, the Great Wall has been well preserved. vA.Considering B.Considered ABABB動(dòng)詞三種形態(tài)比較_ (

28、catch) the early bus, he got up early._ (catch) the early bus, and you cannot miss the meeting._ (catch) the early bus, you cannot miss the meeting.To catchCatchCatching 從句與主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)使用 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)名詞名詞(代詞代詞) +現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞；現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+形容詞；形容詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+副詞；副詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+不定式；不定式；名詞名詞(代詞代詞) +介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短

29、語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。 The letter having been written, he took it to the post When the letter had been written, he took it to the post No one being against it, we will adopt the proposal Since no one is against it, we will adopt the proposal v1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being vC. Because t

30、here being D.There werev2. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitted C. Time permitting D. Times permitting3._, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. _, we all went swimming in high spiri

31、ts. A. It being fine weather B. Its being fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5._, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost 高考連接 6. _ production up by 60%, the company has

32、 had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 7. With a lot of work _, I have to sit up tonight. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 8. He stood there silently, his lips_. A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembling 9. _, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A.

33、All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered I. Multiple choice:1. _ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida. A. Discovering B. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered 2. -Hi, Mar

34、y. Would you like to go to the concert this evening? -Sorry, Tom. _ tomorrows lessons, I have no time to go out with you. A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared3. The building _ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building. A. to paint B. being p

35、ainted C. to have painted D. painting 4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 5. The English exam is not difficult, is it? _. Even Tom _ to the top students failed in it. A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C

36、. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging 6. .-What do you suppose made her worried? -_a gold ring. A. Lose B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 7. Do you feel like _ out? No. Id rather we _ a taxi. A. to drive; take B. to drive; took C. driving; take D. driving; took 8. At the end of 2004, there were aro

37、und 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _ up around 4 percent of national total. A. made B. to make C. making D. having made 10. - Lucy doesnt seem to be what she was. - No_ so much in the war has made her more thoughtful. Seen B. Her seeing C. Having seen D. To have seen 11. Is there any pos

38、sibility of the film_ in Paris International Festival? Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it. A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out12.When she returned home, she found the room lighting and _ A. entered B. entering C. to enter D. enter 13. How did you

39、get in touch with Mrs. Green? Well, it seems to me that youve forgotten _her telephone number the other day. A. to tell B. to have told C. telling D. being told 14. _several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments. A. Having been failed B. Having failed C. Though failed D. Be

40、cause of failure . 14. -What terrible weather! I simply cant get the car -Why not try _ the engine with some hot water? A. starting; filling B. start; filling C. started; to fill D. to start; fill 15. Thats the best way you thought of_ into the dangerous areas A. stopping people getting B. to stop p

41、eople getting C. to keep people getting D. prevent people from getting 16. _on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower _ back to 2 hundred years ago.A. Standing; dating B. To stand; to dateC. Having stood; dating D. Stand; dated 1. The Olympic Games, 1. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C, did not inc

42、lude women in 776 B.C, did not include women players until 1912.players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playingC. first played D. to be first playing4. The boy lay on his back, with his teeth 4. The boy lay on h

43、is back, with his teeth ,his right hand,his right hand , , and his glaring eyesand his glaring eyes straight upward.straight upward. A. set, raising, looked B. set, raised, looking A. set, raising, looked B. set, raised, looking C. setting, raised, looked D. to set, raising, looking C. setting, rais

44、ed, looked D. to set, raising, looking _from space, our earth, with water 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”. A. Seeing, covering B. Having seen, covered C. To see, covered D. Seen, covering6. My brother left the work half , for you can find many books scattered on the floor. A. done, ly

45、ing B. doing, lain C. do , lay D. did, lie8. Having been served lunch .A. the problem was discussed by the members of the clubB. the members of the club discussed the problemC. it was discussed by the members of the clubD. a discussion of the problem was made by the members9. He has lots of books, t

46、hat he is still young. A. considering B. considered C. being considered D. our considering10. “ more attention, my pronunciation will be improved greatly.”, and “_more time, I will improve my pronunciation greatly”. A. Given, Giving B. Given, Given C. Giving, Giving D. Giving, Given11. Cleaning wome

47、n in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay _is know to all, China will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30 year time. A. That, advancing B. This advanced C. As, advanced D. It, advancing14. Jack didnt get his bicycle soon enough at Jacks, for John had a lot of b

48、icycles _at the time. A. to be repaired, to repair B. repaired, to repair C. to repair, to be repaired D. to repair, repaired15. She felt rather that she should drive the car at such a speed. A. frightening, frightening B. frightened, frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening v16. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. vhave written B. to be writtenv C. being written D. writtenv17. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.vfollowed B. fol