1、NEUROLOGY TERMS collected by taciturnitycomplaints疾病neoplasm腫瘤lymphoma淋巴瘤polycystic kidney多囊腎diabetes糖尿病endocrinopathy內(nèi)分泌病botulism食物中毒porphyria卟啉癥atrial fibrillation心房顫動atherosclerosis動脈粥樣硬化cataract白內(nèi)障cirrhosis肝硬化migraine偏頭痛choreo-舞蹈病myasthenia gravis重癥肌無力tuberous sclerosis結(jié)節(jié)性硬化癥neurofibromatosis神經(jīng)纖

2、維瘤病encephalomyelitis腦脊髓炎o(hù)steomyelitis骨髓炎cerebral watershed infarction分水嶺腦梗死lacuna infarct腔隙性腦梗死channopathies離子通道病Charcot-Marie-Tooth腓骨肌萎縮癥chorea minor小舞蹈病hepatolenticular degeneration肝豆?fàn)詈俗冃訰aynaud phenomenon雷諾現(xiàn)象lock-in syndrome閉鎖綜合征Vernet syndrome頸靜脈孔綜合征Wallenberg syndrome延髓背外側(cè)綜合征Weber syndrome大腦腳綜合

3、征menieres梅尼埃encephalemia 腦充血hepathemia 肝充血orthopedic  整形外科的orthopnea 端坐呼吸stomatology口腔學(xué)stomato-/stom- 口腔-stomy 吻合術(shù)psychiatry  精神病學(xué)pharmacology 藥理pharmacokinetic藥物代謝動力學(xué)pharmacodynamics藥物效應(yīng)動力學(xué)oncology腫瘤學(xué)oncogene癌基因anatomic 解剖學(xué)的pathophysiology 病理生理學(xué)etiology&

4、#160;病原學(xué)focal-病灶的、局灶的cortex皮層cortical皮質(zhì)的cortic(o)- 皮質(zhì)corticoadrenal 腎上腺皮質(zhì)的medulla  髓質(zhì)的parenchyma 實(shí)質(zhì)grey/white matter灰/ 白質(zhì)cephalic頭部的encephalo腦cerebral/cerebri大腦cerebellum小腦vermis 小腦蚓flocculus絨球diencephalon間腦mesencephali中腦pons腦橋basal ganglia基底神經(jīng)節(jié)vertebrobasilar脊椎基底動脈internal capsu

5、le內(nèi)囊spinal cord/ myelo-脊髓spondyl- /vertebro 脊柱pyramidal tract錐體束corticospinal tract皮質(zhì)脊髓束hippocampal海馬的corpus callosum胼胝體thalamic丘腦的hypothalamus下丘腦subthalamus底丘腦medulla oblongata延髓bulbar-延髓的brachial plexus臂叢gracile薄束cuneate楔束lemniscal丘系的radiculo-神經(jīng)根fasciculus神經(jīng)束axon軸突dendric樹突的collateral側(cè)支，副的syn

6、aptic突觸的vesicle囊泡Ranvier constriction郎飛結(jié)cranial顱的subarachnoid蛛網(wǎng)膜下的subdural硬膜下的epidural硬膜外的epi- 表面，（在）上，外epicardial 心外膜的epidermal 表皮的epigastric上腹部的intrathecal鞘內(nèi)的，硬膜內(nèi)的piamater軟腦膜cerebral perfusion腦血流灌注gag reflex咽反射archilles reflex跟腱反射cutaneous reflex皮膚反射plantar reflex跖反射cremasteric reflex提睪反射anal refl

7、ex肛門反射astrocyte星型膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞oligodendrocyte少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞gliosis神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)增生reinnervation神經(jīng)移植術(shù)medial longitudinal fasciculus 內(nèi)側(cè)縱束sympathetic交感的parasympathetic副交感的olfactory嗅覺的oculomotor動眼trochlear滑車的abducens外展的trigeminal三叉的cochlear N蝸神經(jīng)glossopharyngeal舌咽的hypoglossal舌下的vagus迷走神經(jīng)的spinal accessory副神經(jīng)oropharynx口咽tibial

8、N脛神經(jīng)ulnar N尺神經(jīng)ischiadic 坐骨神經(jīng)的common peroneal N 腓總神經(jīng)femoral N 股神經(jīng)visceral N 內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)esthesia感覺paresthesia感覺異常vibration振動覺proprioception本體感覺stereognosis實(shí)體覺graphesthesia皮膚書寫覺micrographia寫字過小征areflexia反射消失hyperreflexia反射亢進(jìn)hyperalgia;hyperpathia 痛覺過敏vertigo眩暈diplopia復(fù)視aphasia失語癥aprax

9、ia失用癥agnosia失認(rèn)癥anorexia厭食癥automatism自動癥nystagmus眼球震顫fasciculation肌束震顫myoclonus肌陣攣tremor震顫，顫栗static tremor靜止性震顫paratonia伸展過度cogwheel rigidity齒輪樣強(qiáng)直ataxic共濟(jì)失調(diào)spastic痙攣gait步態(tài)cognitive disturbance 認(rèn)知障礙demyelination脫髓鞘neurodegenerative神經(jīng)變性的synchronous同步化的convulsive驚厥的，抽搐的tonic強(qiáng)直的atonic弛緩的flaccidity弛緩

10、的grand-mal大發(fā)作petit-mal小發(fā)作epilepsia continua癲癇持續(xù)狀態(tài)dysarthria構(gòu)音困難 dys- 不良、障礙、異常dysgraphia 書寫困難dysphagia 吞咽困難dystrophic營養(yǎng)不良的，營養(yǎng)障礙的dysgenesis發(fā)育不全dystrophin肌張力障礙dysmetria辨距困難dysthyroid甲狀腺機(jī)能障礙的myasthenia肌無力hemiballismus偏身投擲ptosis眼瞼下垂malaise全身乏力，不適mal- 不良，不正常nausea惡心syncope暈厥vomite嘔吐diarrhea腹瀉tinnitus

11、耳鳴disequilibrium平衡不穩(wěn)disesthesia 感覺遲鈍tingling麻刺感stuttering結(jié)巴，口吃blurred vision視力模糊amaurosis fugax一過性黑朦c(diǎn)oma昏迷狀態(tài)bradykinesia運(yùn)動遲緩kines-,kinesi(o)-,運(yùn)動dementia癡呆delirium譫妄insomnia失眠h(yuǎn)erniation腦疝athetosis手足徐動癥flushing潮紅piloerection豎毛formication蟻?zhàn)吒衑uphoria欣快感ma/micropsia視物顯大/ 小癥visual blurring視物模糊ophthal

12、moplegia眼肌麻痹pleg(i)- 麻痹，癱瘓mental retardation精神發(fā)育遲緩trauma外傷contusion創(chuàng)傷hydrocephalus腦積水hemiplegia偏癱的paraparesis下肢輕癱hemiparesis輕偏癱quadriparesis四肢輕癱ischemic penumbra缺血半暗帶bulbar paralysis球麻痹，延髓麻痹homeostasis動態(tài)平衡leukodystrophy腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良troph(o)- 營養(yǎng)，食物atrophy萎縮的hypertrophy肥大eutrophia 營養(yǎng)良好eu-良好，正常eutopic 正位的euc

13、aryon 真核incontinence尿失禁overflow充盈性uremia尿毒癥nocturia夜尿pernoctation 失眠癥constipation便秘febrile發(fā)熱的metabolic代謝的humoral體液的serum血清lactate乳酸鹽creatine肌酸cholesterol膽固醇electrolytes電解質(zhì)類anoxic/hypoxia缺氧的ischemic局部缺血的stenosis狹窄h(huán)emorrhage出血rrhe（o）- 流；出血diarrhea/enterorrhea 腹瀉infarction梗死emboli栓子hematoma血腫thrombolys

14、is溶栓edema水腫necrosis壞死apoptotic細(xì)胞凋亡的derangement紊亂coagulopathic凝血障礙的purpura紫癜petechia出血點(diǎn)，瘀點(diǎn)vasomotion血管舒縮capillary毛細(xì)血管作用carotid頸動脈cyanosis紫紺arrhythmia心律失常dysrhythmia節(jié)律障礙postural hypotension體位性低血壓hypoglycaemia低血糖paraneoplastic副腫瘤的collagen膠原h(huán)yperventilated過度換氣aneurysmal動脈瘤的artery dissection動脈夾層hyperthyr

15、eosis甲亢ototoxicity耳毒性otitis media中耳炎labyrinth迷路vestibular前庭tinnitus耳鳴cochlear耳蝸的exudate滲出液transudation漏出液secretion分泌物endo/exogenous內(nèi)/ 外源的bilateral雙側(cè)的unilateral單側(cè)的ipsilateral同側(cè)的contralateral對側(cè)的cervical頸部thoracic胸部lumbar腰部sacro-骶部interphalangeal指間的frontal額的，前面的sagittal矢狀面的tempo顳的parietal頂葉的occipi

16、tal枕的ethmoidal篩骨的sphenoid蝶骨insular lobe島葉limbic lobe邊緣葉paracentral lobule旁中央小葉tibial脛骨的patellar髕骨的pelvic骨盆的extremity手足，四肢scalp頭皮cutaneous皮膚的dermato- 皮膚的exanthema疹epithelial上皮的endothelia內(nèi)皮的connectivum結(jié)締組織flexion俯屈anterflexion前屈symmetric對稱的ectopic異位的proximal近端的distal遠(yuǎn)端的ventral腹側(cè)的dorsal背側(cè)的abductio

17、n外展adducent內(nèi)收afferent傳入的efferent傳出的pre-前retro-后glioma神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤dermoid皮樣瘤sarcoid肉樣瘤，類肉瘤epidermoid表皮樣的systemic系統(tǒng)的，全身的generalized全身的，泛發(fā)的constitutional symptom 全身癥狀disseminate多發(fā)，播散somatic軀體的torso軀干truncal軀干的solitary孤立的pseudo-假，擬maxillary上頜骨的mandibular下頜骨的mastoid乳突的uvula懸雍垂mentalis頦的，頦肌trapezius斜方肌clavi

18、cle鎖骨的sternocleidomastoid胸鎖乳突的biceps二頭肌quadricep四頭肌pronator旋前肌supination旋后肌extensor伸肌flexor屈肌sphincter括約肌detrusor逼肌orbicularis輪匝肌protrusion前突perinatal圍產(chǎn)期的postpartum產(chǎn)后trimester妊娠期三個(gè)月neonatal新生兒papillitis視神經(jīng)乳頭炎u(yù)veitis葡萄膜炎fundi眼底o(hù)culus眼optic chiasma視交叉retina視網(wǎng)膜choroid脈絡(luò)膜macula flava黃斑conjunctiva結(jié)膜corne

19、a角膜ophthalmoscope眼底鏡extraocular眼外的perimetry視野檢查法biopsy活檢ventilator呼吸機(jī)auscultation聽診percussion叩診palpation觸診inspection視診bruit雜音onset（癥狀）出現(xiàn)，開始anterograde順行的postural姿勢的，體位的congenital先天的idiopathic特發(fā)的hereditary遺傳性cryptogenic隱源性complication并發(fā)癥concomitant伴發(fā)的aura先兆premonitory先兆的prodrome前驅(qū)癥狀remission/remittin

20、g緩解，緩和regression/relapsing/ 復(fù)發(fā)的，回歸的attenuate減弱fulminant暴發(fā)的paroxysmal發(fā)作的，陣發(fā)的ictal phase發(fā)作期intractable難治的latency潛伏期convalescence恢復(fù)期sequelae后遺癥metastasis轉(zhuǎn)移corroborate確證refractory耐受的prophylactic預(yù)防的immunocompromised免疫受損的cessation停止，休止ambulation離床活動abscess膿腫empyema積膿，膿胸suppurative化膿的purulent化膿的，膿性sep

21、tic膿毒性的aseptic無菌的sterilization滅菌toxoplasmosis弓形體病cysticercosis囊蟲病paragonimiasis肺吸蟲病schistosomiasis血吸蟲病prion朊病毒leptospirosis鉤端螺旋體Treponema密螺旋體syphilis梅毒rickettsial立克次體的Grams stain革蘭染色aerobic需氧的anaerobic缺氧的，厭氧的campylobacter彎曲桿菌haemophilus嗜血菌屬neisseria奈瑟球菌屬streptococcus鏈球菌屬aureaus金黃色葡萄球菌staphylococcus葡

22、萄球菌Cryptococcus隱球菌coagulase凝固酶herpes皰疹mycoplasma支原體rabies狂犬病diphtheria白喉cytomegaloviral巨細(xì)胞病毒tick-borne蜱傳播的poliomyelitis脊髓灰質(zhì)炎fungal真菌prolactin催乳素muscarine毒蕈堿cholinergic膽堿能的nicotine煙堿adrenergic腎上腺素能的pyridoxin吡哆醇 b6dehydrogenase脫氫酶aldolase醛縮酶amylase淀粉酶lipase脂肪酶plasminogen纖維蛋白溶酶原aspartate天冬氨酸acetyl

23、choline乙酰膽堿interferon干擾素aminoglycoside 氨基糖苷類vincristine長春新堿cyclosporin環(huán)孢素azathioprine硫唑嘌呤cyclophosphamide環(huán)磷酰胺methotrexat甲氨喋呤acyclovir阿昔洛韋ACVamantadine金剛烷胺neostigmine新斯的明L-dopa左旋多巴-azepam西泮-barbital巴比妥ethosuximide乙琥胺phenytoin苯妥英carbamazepine卡馬西平topiramate托吡酯lamotrigine拉莫三嗪valproic丙戊酸levetiracetam左乙拉西坦thiazide噻嗪類diuretics利尿藥statins他汀類-dipine地平Ster