1、Unit 1 The Power of Language 學(xué)習(xí)方法指南五個方面把握文章1）詞 2）句 3）篇 4）義5）背誦或復(fù)述重點段落（當(dāng)天重復(fù)，第二天再重復(fù)，七天后再重復(fù)）課后習(xí)題1）結(jié)合課文里出現(xiàn)的點，完成題目2）標(biāo)記不熟練的題目，當(dāng)天重復(fù)一遍，第二天再重復(fù)一遍，考前再重復(fù)一遍Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA FAMOUS QUOTELanguage is the dress of thought.-Samuel Johnson語言是思維的外衣。-塞繆爾·約翰遜Text A Critical ReadingPre-reading quest

2、ions1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Vocabulary 詞匯四點要求1.音2.義3.衍生變化4.用法/搭配New Wordscritical adj.involving making fair, careful judgments about the good and bad

3、 qualities of somebody/something 有判斷力的；判斷公正（或?qū)徤鞯模﹏on-fiction n.books, articles or texts about real facts, people and events 紀(jì)實文學(xué)position n.an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject 觀點；態(tài)度；立場statement n.something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion

4、 說明；說法；表態(tài)question v.to have or express doubts or suspicions about something 表示疑問；懷疑evaluate vt.to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully 估計；評價，評估 context n.the situation in which something happens and that helps you to under

5、stand it （事情發(fā)生的）背景，環(huán)境，來龍去脈value n.values pl. beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life 是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；價值觀represent v.to present or describe somebody/something in a particular way 描述；表現(xiàn)assertion n.a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true 明確肯定；斷言

6、sufficient adj.enough for a particular purpose 足夠的；充足的statistic n.statistics pl. a collection of information shown in numbers 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料integrate v.to combine two or more things so that they work together （使）合并，成為一體authority n.a person with special knowledge 專家；學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)威；泰斗compare 

7、;v.to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different 比較；對比subject n.a thing or person that is being discussed, described or dealt with 主題；題目；題材consistent adj.in agreement with something 相符的；符合的inconsistency n.a situation in which two statements are dif

8、ferent and cannot both be true 不一致assumption n.a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof 假定；假設(shè)case n.a particular situation or a situation of a particular type 具體情況；事例directly adv.in a direct line or manner 直接地；徑直地identify

9、0;v.to find or discover somebody/something 找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)valid adj.based on what is logical or true 符合邏輯的；合理的；確鑿的credible adj.that can be believed or trusted 可信的；可靠的landmark n.an event, a discovery, an invention, ect.that marks an important stage in something （標(biāo)志重要階段的）里程碑relevant adj.clos

10、ely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about 緊密相關(guān)的；切題的current adj.happening now 現(xiàn)時發(fā)生的；當(dāng)前的appropriate adj.suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances 合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)腷ias n.a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of pe

11、ople, or one side in an argument, often.not based on fair judgement 偏見；偏心；偏向considerably adv.much; a lot 非常；很；相當(dāng)多地Democrat n.a member or supporter of the Democratic Party of the US （美國）民主黨黨員，民主黨支持者Republican n.a member or supporter of the Republican Party of the US （美國）共和黨黨員，共和黨支持者ref

12、lect v.to show or be a sign of the nature of something or of somebody's attitude or feeling 顯示；表明；表達(dá)informed adj.having or showing a lot of knowledge about a particular subject or situation 有學(xué)問的；有見識的重點詞匯critical adj.involving making fair, careful judgments about the good and bad q

13、ualities of somebody/something 有判斷力的；判斷公正（或?qū)徤鞯模〆g: Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value.要學(xué)會對一切事物一絲不茍, 而不要注重表面現(xiàn)象.其他用法：of or at a crisis; decisive; crucial 危機中的；危急時刻的；決定性的；關(guān)鍵的eg: We are at a critical time in our history.我們正處于歷史的緊要關(guān)頭。衍生：criticize, criti

14、cise vt. sb/sth （for sth） point out the faults of sb/sth 批評某人某事物；挑剔；非難eg: Stop criticizing （my work）! 別再挑剔（我那作品）了!  form and express a judgment on （a work of art, literature, etc） 評論（藝術(shù)文學(xué)等作品）eg: teaching students how to criticize poetry 向?qū)W生講授評論詩歌的方法criticism n.looking for faults; poin

15、ting out faults 批評evaluate vt.to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully 估計; 評價，評估eg: I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.我沒有看到他的工作情況, 無法評論他的能力。衍生: Val=value, worth 價值valuable（有價值的）, invaluable（無法估價的）, devaluate（貶值

16、）, evaluate（估價）, undervalue（低估）consistent adj.in agreement with something 相符的；符合的 用法: be with stheg：What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week.你現(xiàn)在說的話與你上星期說過的話不相符。衍生：consistency 一致inconsistency 不一致identify vt.to find or discover somebody/ something 找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)e

17、g：She identified the man as her attacker.她認(rèn)出那個男人就是襲擊過她的人。衍生：identification n.means of proving who one is; official papers that do this 身份證明eg： Can I see your identification, please? 請給我看看你的身分證件行嗎? identity n who or what sb/sth is 身份eg：There is no clue to the identity of the thief

18、.沒有確定竊賊身份的線索。identity card （also ID card） 身份證（通常有相片，供本人攜帶或佩帶）credible adj.that can be believed or trusted 可信的；可靠的eg: a credible witness/statement/report 可信的證人/陳詞/報道衍生：-able/ible “可的，能的”believable可信的，acceptable 可接受的，desirable值得要的，accessible可接近，flexible 靈活的credibility n.quality of being

19、 believable 可信性；可靠性-ability/ibility “可性”: eg: adaptability 適應(yīng)能力, dependability 可靠性apply vi. （to sb/sth） be relevant （to sb/sth）; have an effect （與某人/某物）有關(guān)；有效；適用eg: These rules don't always apply.這些規(guī)則并非總能行得通。make a formal request 申請；請求 apply for stheg: apply for a post/passpor

20、t/visa 申請職位/護(hù)照/簽證apply to sbeg: I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.我申請了四所大學(xué)，并都被他們錄取了。課文學(xué)習(xí)議論文把握觀點：中心觀點、段落觀點把握結(jié)構(gòu)：文章結(jié)構(gòu)、段落結(jié)構(gòu)、銜接手段topic sentence （主題句）topic （主題） controlling idea（觀點）篇章核心，段落靈魂Beijing is a modern city.Beijing is an ancient city.結(jié)構(gòu)總分總 總分段落構(gòu)成1.主題句（Topic Sentence）：點

21、出段落的主題（談?wù)撌裁矗?.擴展句（Developing Sentence）：說明和支持主題。3.結(jié)尾句（Concluding Sentence）：得出結(jié)論。文章觀點論證結(jié)論Text A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just understa

22、nding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.Consider the context of what is written.You may be reading something

23、that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by

24、 the author.Question assertions made by the author.Don't accept what is written at face value.Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.Also, look to see if the au

25、thor has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsist

26、encies.Analyze assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.Once you identify an assumpti

27、on, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the sources the author uses.In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are rele

28、vant.Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current.For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the curren

29、t state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.What is written may very well reflect a biased position.You need to take this possible bia

30、s into account when reading what the author has written.That is, take what is written with "a grain of salt."By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying,

31、and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.1）Consider the context of what is written.2）Question assertions made by the author.3）Compare what is written with other written book on the subject.4）Analyze assumptions made by th

32、e author.5）Evaluate the sources the author uses.6）Identify any possible author bias.語法學(xué)習(xí)1.把握結(jié)構(gòu)，理解內(nèi)涵2.結(jié)合例句，結(jié)合文章關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行名詞+where/ in（on/at） which eg: College is a place where/in which we learn how to learn.大學(xué)是學(xué)會如何學(xué)習(xí)的地方。Forest is a place where people can get close to nature.森林是可以接近自然的地方。先行名詞+

33、when/in（on/at） whicheg: I'll never forget the day when we first met in the park.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們在公園第一次相遇的那一天。先行名詞+why/for whicheg: Do you know the reason why he didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning？你知道他為什么沒有參加昨天早上會議的原因嗎？What is active reading? What is a critical reader?Exercises I1.Reading

34、 non-fiction writing critically involves _.A.supporting the author's opinionB.developing your own opinionsC.understanding what is writtenD.reading without any imagination答疑編號506430010301：針對該題提問 【正確答案】B【答案解析】此題為句意理解題。由文中第。一段Critical reading involves questioning and evalating what the author

35、is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying 可知，非文學(xué)類作品的批評性閱讀是要提出自己的觀點和擺明自己的態(tài)度，選項B,即提出自己的觀點，最為恰當(dāng)。答案為B。2.Before accepting what is written in an article, you should be sure that_.A.enough support for the assertions has been givenB.your values and attitudes have been, reflecte

36、d in itC.it has been checked from an authoritative sourceD.you have found the differences in the writing styles答疑編號506430010302：針對該題提問 【正確答案】A【答案解析】此題為句意理解題。由文中第三段第三句，Before acceiting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made 可知，選項A符合文中意思，即你

37、在接受作者的觀點之前，要確信有足夠的論據(jù)支持作者的論點。答案為A。3.If there are some inconsistent points in the article, you should_.A.insist on your own opinion and confirm itB.avoid mentioning the inconsistenciesC.emphasize the work of authoritiesD.examine the author's supportive statements答疑編號506430010303：針對該題提問 【正確答案】

38、D【答案解析】此題為句意理解題。由文中第四段末句，If there are inconsistehcies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the incbnsistencies 可知，選項D最符令原文即如果文章中有不一致的觀點時，你要仔細(xì)閱讀并檢查作者所提出的支持其論點的論證。答案為D。4.Einstein is a relevant source when the article is about_A.physical breakthroughsB.the subject of poetryC.studies

39、in current physicsD.credible writing Sources答疑編號506430010304：針對該題提問 【正確答案】A【答案解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。由文中第六段第三句,Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics 可知，如果文章講的是關(guān)于物理學(xué)的突破時，愛因斯坦就是相關(guān)的例子。答案為A。5.The author believes that by being a critical reader you can_ .A.

40、remember what is written clearlyB.eliminate your own discriminationC.have much more knowledgeD.spend more time in reading答疑編號506430010305：針對該題提問 【正確答案】C【答案解析】此題為文章大意總結(jié)題。由課文最后一段結(jié)束句，By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate 可知，課文結(jié)束說通過做一名有

41、判斷力的讀者，你會變得見多識廣，也能使你的觀點更恰當(dāng)，所以選項C最符合課文的意思。答案為C。Exercise IISection A名詞后綴 -ability, -ibility credible-credibility-ence,ency independent-independence efficient-efficiency-mentmove-movement, agree-agreement-ion, -sion, -tion act-action, elect-election副詞后綴 -ly careful-carefully, possible-possibl

42、y前綴否定前綴in- inaccurate, incapable, injustice在m, p, b前變成im- immoral, impossible, imbalance 1.These results are _ with the findings of the previous study.（consistent, consistency）答疑編號506430010306：針對該題提問 【正確答案】consistent【答案解析】be consistent with 固定短語，意為與相符。其中be動詞are后面應(yīng)該是表語形容詞consistent，而consist

43、ency 是名詞形式。答案為consistent。2.We were not surprised by their_ that the train services would be reduced.（state, statement）答疑編號506430010307：針對該題提問 【正確答案】statement【答案解析】statement，名詞，說明、表態(tài)，而state 表示“陳述”時是動詞，做名詞解時是“國度”的意思。答案為statement。3.The statistics _a change in people's spending habits.（reflect,

44、 reflection）答疑編號506430010308：針對該題提問 【正確答案】reflect【答案解析】譯文：此統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)反映了人們消費習(xí)慣方面的變化。這里句子缺少的是謂語動詞，而reflection是名詞。reflect，動詞，顯示、表明。答案為reflect。4.I'm afraid your driving license is_ in Eastern Europe.（valid, invalid）答疑編號506430010309：針對該題提問 【正確答案】invalid【答案解析】譯文：我擔(dān)心你的駕駛執(zhí)照在東歐無效。invalid 是valid 的反義詞

45、，意為“無效的”。答案為invalid。5.Twenty-five dollars was_ more than he had expected to pay （considerable, considerably）答疑編號506430010310：針對該題提問 【正確答案】considerably【答案解析】譯文：二十五美元比他原來估計的多多了。considerably，副詞，很，非常，相當(dāng)多地。答案為considerably。6.Direct _ between the two languages is not possible.（compare, comparison）答疑編號

46、506430010311：針對該題提問 【正確答案】comparison【答案解析】譯文：直接對比兩種語言是不可能的。這里空格處的單詞是主語中心詞，主語中心詞不能是動詞。comparison, 名詞，表示“比較，對比”；compare 是其動詞形式。答案為comparison。Section Bassumption landmarkcritical evaluaterepresent identifycredible appropriate1.In my opinion, there was no _evidence against him.答疑編號506430010312：針對該題

47、提問 【正確答案】credible【答案解析】句意：我的意見是，沒有反對他的可信的證據(jù)。這里against sb.指的是反對某人。形容詞credible 意為可信的。答案為credible。2.Even the smallest baby can _its mother by her voice.答疑編號506430010313：針對該題提問 【正確答案】identify【答案解析】句意：甚至最小的小嬰兒都可以通過聲音來識別辮認(rèn)出他的母親。本空缺少謂語動詞，identify 意為辨認(rèn)，辨識，符合題意。答案為identify。3.People tend to make _ a

48、bout you based on your appearance.答疑編號506430010314：針對該題提問 【正確答案】assumption【答案解析】句意：人們?nèi)菀赘鶕?jù)你的外表做出一些假設(shè)。本空缺少賓語，應(yīng)選用名詞。assumption為名詞，意為假設(shè)、假定，符合題意。答案為assumption。4.This new report_ the current situation in our schools.答疑編號506430010315：針對該題提問 【正確答案】represent【答案解析】句意：這篇新聞報道描述了我們學(xué)校目前的狀況。其中represent，動

49、詞，描述、表現(xiàn)，此處要注意時態(tài)。答案為represents。5.The performance of each employee is _ once a year.答疑編號506430010316：針對該題提問 【正確答案】evaluated【答案解析】句意：每年，每一位員工的表現(xiàn)每年都會被評估一次。注意此句子中的被動語態(tài)，員工績效被評估，所以動詞evaluate 應(yīng)為被動式evaluated。答案為evaluated。6.We need to ensure that the teaching they receive is _to their needs.答疑編號506430010

50、317：針對該題提問 【正確答案】appropriate【答案解析】句意：我們需要確保他們所接受的教育適合他們的需求。appropriate 是形容詞，指的是“合適的”。答案為appropriate。Section C1.That bit of the form is for UK citizens 一 it doesn't apply _ you.答疑編號506430010318：針對該題提問 【正確答案】to【答案解析】譯文：表格的那一部分是針對英國公民的，和你沒關(guān)系。apply to，固定搭配，應(yīng)用，使用。答案為to。2.Arguments were put

51、_ for changing some of the rules of the game.答疑編號506430010319：針對該題提問 【正確答案】forth【答案解析】譯文：爭議之所以產(chǎn)生，是因為要修改該項運動的一些規(guī)則。put forth，固定搭配，提出，產(chǎn)生。答案為forth。3.When judging his performance, don't take his age _ account.答疑編號506430010320：針對該題提問 【正確答案】into【答案解析】o account ，固定搭配，考慮到，顧及。答案為into。4.H

52、e's universally recognized as an authority _ Russian affairs.答疑編號506430010321：針對該題提問 【正確答案】in【答案解析】譯文：在俄羅斯事務(wù)方面，他被公認(rèn)為是一個專家。答案為on。5.Just compare the one that has been cleaned _ the others.答疑編號506430010322：針對該題提問 【正確答案】with【答案解析】compare.with 為固定搭配，把和做對比，比較。compare t。把比作。答案為with。6.Educatio

53、n should be relevant _ the child's needs.答疑編號506430010323：針對該題提問 【正確答案】to【答案解析】be relevant to，固定搭配，有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的。答案為to。Unit 1 Text BThe language of ConfidenceNew Words confidence n. a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful 自信心program v. to make a person

54、, an animal, etc. to behave in a particular way, so that it happens automatically 訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)mastery n. control or power 控制；駕馭destiny n. what happens to somebody or what will happen to them in the future, especially things that they cannot change or avoid 命運；天命；天數(shù)dramatically adv.

55、 suddenly, greatly and often surprisingly 巨大地；驚人地；顯著地quality n. the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad sth is 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)subconscious adj. connected with feelings that influence your behavior even though you are not aware of them 下意識

56、的；潛意識的please v. to make somebody happy 使?jié)M意；使愉快command n. an order given to a person or an animal（給人或動物的）命令knowingly adv. while knowing the truth or likely result of what you are doing 故意地；蓄意地impact n. the powerful effect that something has on somebody/somethin

57、g巨大影響；強大作用matter v. to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something 事關(guān)緊要；有重大影響confident adj. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful 自信的；有自信心的sense n. a feeling about something important（對重大事情的）感覺，意識eliminate v. to remove or get rid of something 排