1、精品文檔高中-定語從句講解練習(xí)（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1 .定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2 .先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3 .關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替先行詞；G在定語 從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。例如： The manwhois shaking hands with myfather is a policeman.該句中, whois shaking hands with myfather 是定語從句,修飾先行詞the man "who&#

2、39;是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the man在定語從句中作主語。關(guān)系代詞： 指人who （定語從句中可做主語）Whom（定語從句中可做賓語） 指物which可作主語/賓語That .指人=who/whom可作主語/賓語I指物=which ,可作主語/賓語Whose指人/指物，只用做定語，翻譯成“ 的”（指物時可和of which 替換）As常和such as,the same as 連用。主語/賓語關(guān)系詞When表時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語，先行詞一般是表時 問的詞 time , day,year,moment 等等 關(guān)系副詞卜here表地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞一般是表

3、 地點的詞，place,city,house,country 等等,why表原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞一般是Lthe reason注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 來表示。（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. who指人，在定語從句中作主語。The boys whoare playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thosewhowant to goto the museummust be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow m orning.想去博物館的人必須在明

4、晨7點到大門口集合。Yesterday I helped an old manwhohad lost his way. 昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕hat is the teacher whoteaches us physics.那就是教我們物理的老師。2. whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷浴r Liu is the person ( whom) you talked about on the bus.劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談?wù)摰哪莻€人。Li Ming isjust the boy (whom ) Iwantto see.李明正是我想要見的男孩。The professor (

5、whom ) youare waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor .老師經(jīng)常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。注意：關(guān)系代詞 whomfe口語或非正式文體中?？捎?who來代替，也可省略。The man( whom/ who)you met just nowis myold friend.3. Which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。Football is a gamewhich is liked by most boys.足球是大多數(shù)

6、男孩所喜歡的運動。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers .他喜歡外國作家寫的書。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂鳧OThis isthe pen( which) he boughtyesterday. 這是他咋大買的鋼筆。The film( which) theywent to seelast n

7、ightwas not interesting at all.他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。4. That指人時，相當(dāng)于 who或whom指物時，相當(dāng)于 which.。在定語從句中作 主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city ea ch year reaches one million.每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百力OWhere is the man that / whom I saw this morning?我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？Thepersonthat/whom you in

8、troducedto me isvery kind.你介紹給我的那個人很友好。Theseasonthat/ which comes afterspring issummer.春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia .昨天我收到了 一封來自澳大利亞的信。5. Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scientist whosenameis knownall over the country. 我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學(xué)家。He has a friend

9、whose father is a doctor.他有一個爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：The classroom whosedoor is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Doyou like the bookwhosecover is yellow?Doyou like the

10、book the cover of which is yellow?(三)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。TomorrowI ' ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.TomorrowI '

11、ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. 明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。This is the boy (whom/ who/ that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whomI played tennis with yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。We- ll goto hear the famous singer (whom/ who/ that) wehave often talked about.We ll goto hear the famo

12、us singer about whomwehave often talked. 我們將去聽那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?。The managerwhosecompanyI work in pays muchattention to improving our wo rking conditions.The managerin whosecompanyI work pays muchattention to improving our wo rking conditions.我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。注意：1 .含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。

13、如： look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I amlooking for. (正) 這是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I amlooking .(誤)The babies (whom/ who/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.3歡立下載精品文檔（ 正 ） 那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。The babies after whomthe nurse is looking are ve

14、ry healthy. （誤）2 .若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom不可用who, that ;關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用 which,不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用 whoseThe manwith whomyou talked just nowis myneighbour.（ 正 ）你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。Themanwiththat/ who you talked just now ismy neighbour.（誤 ）Theplane inwhichwe flew to Canada was reallycomfortable.（正 ）我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w

15、機實在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.（誤 ）3 . “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞。 如：kind toHe loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very him.他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。In the basket ave gone bad. Thereare fortyarefrom big來自大城市。Up

16、 to now, he about countrythere are quite many apples, some of 籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。students in cities.has written life.ourtenwhich hclass in all, mostof whom我們班總共有4 0個學(xué)生，大多數(shù)stories, three of which are 迄今為止，他寫了 1 0部小說，其中5 歡迎下載 。3部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句特例1）.of +關(guān)系代詞。2）which代替 this/that/the（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1 wh

17、en 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。I still rememberthe day whenI first cameto this school.我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我們團聚的時刻終于到了。October 1,1949 was the day when the People - s Republic of China was founded.1949年 10月 1 日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in t

18、he co untrysidewithhisgrandparents.你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？2 where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down .我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .我參觀了那個飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場。Is this the place where th

19、ey fought the enemy?這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎？3 why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請告 訴我你誤機的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰 的原因我們都不知道。I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不 知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：From

20、the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時，他就已經(jīng)知道長大后要做什么。Greatchanges are taking place in the city where /in which they live. 他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。Thereason why/ forwhichhe refused the invitation isquite clear. 他為什么

21、拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上： 是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除， 主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.作賓語時可省略 B .可用that C .可用who代替whom非限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.不可省略B .不用that C ,不可用who代替whom限制性定語從句舉例：The teacher told methat T

22、omwasthe only person that I could depend on. 老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。精品文檔China is a country which has a long history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。In the street I sawa manwhowasfrom Africa.在街上我看到一個來自非洲的人。非限制性定語從句舉例：一His mother, wholoves him very much, is strict with him.他媽媽十分地愛他， 對他要求很嚴格。China, which wasfounded in 1949,

23、 is becoming moreand morepowerful. 中國 是1949年成立的，現(xiàn)在正變得越來越強大。Last summerI visited the People's Great Hall, in which manyimportant meetings are held every year. 去年U 大，我參觀了人民大會堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會議。（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況1 .當(dāng)先行詞是 everything, anything, nothing （something 除 外），all, none, few, little,s

24、ome等不定代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。如：Haveyou taken down everything that Mr. Li said?李老師講的你都記下來了 嗎？There seemsto be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 對他來說 似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。All that can be donehas been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能

25、為你干什么。Hestayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他 呆在圖書館查找所需的資料。注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who,如：Any manthat / whohas a sense of duty won t do such a thing.任何有責(zé)任感的人都不會做這樣的事。All the guests that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people .所有應(yīng)邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。2 .當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)

26、詞修飾時。如：The first place that they visited in London wasthe Big Ben.在倫敦他們參 觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。3 .當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。4 .當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買的詞典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the o

27、nly thing that he owns.家 里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞whd如：WangHuais the only person in our school whowill attend the meeting. 王華 是我校唯一出席會議的人。5 .當(dāng)先行詞前面有 who, which等疑問代詞時。如：Whois the manthat is standing by the gate?站在門口的那個人是誰？Which is the T-shirt that fits memost?哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？6當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或

28、人與物時。如：They talked about the persons and things that they rememberedat school 他 們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r的人和事。Look at the manand his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的毛驢。（二）關(guān)系代詞as 和 which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句as 和 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as 和 which 都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如：Hemarried he

29、r, as / which wasnatural. 他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。Heis honest, as / which wecan see. 他很誠實，這一點我們看得出來。2. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外， as 常常有 “正如、正像”的含義。如：Asis knownto all, China is a developing country. 眾所周知，中國是發(fā)展中國家。Heis from the south, as wecan knowfrom his accent. 他是南

30、方人，這一點我們從他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，約翰是個著名作家。Zhang Huahas been to Paris more than ten times, which I don t believe. 張華已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點我不相信。注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：Tomwas late for school again and again, which madehis teacher very angry.湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。These tab

31、les are madeof metal, which madethem very heavy. 這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。1 .當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。如：I ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。Heis not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。This is the samedictionary as I lost last week. 這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the same修飾時，偶爾也用that

32、引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如：Shewore the samedress that she wore at Mary s wedding. 她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的同一條連衣裙。Shewore the samedress as her younger sister wore. 她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。（三）以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篢he way （that / in which ） he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答這些問題的方式

33、令人驚奇。I don t like the way（that / in which） you laugh at her. 我不喜歡你沖她 的樣子。（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?。試比較：A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。I knowa place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。B. I will never

34、 forget the days whenwespent our holidays together. 我永遠忘不了我們一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which wespent together. 我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的日子。C. This is the reason whyhewasdismissed. 這就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to mefor his not attending t he meeting. 這就是他向我解釋的他沒有參加會議的原

35、因。（五） but 有時也用作關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。（ but = whodon t ）（六）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別1定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定語從句）剛剛起飛的那架飛機是開往巴黎的。The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位語從句）他已經(jīng)去世

36、了，這個事實很明了。2 定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時經(jīng)?？墒÷?。同位語從句主要由連詞that 引導(dǎo)，在從旬中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分；有時也由 where, when, how, who, whether, what等連詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。The newsthat he told meis true. （定語從句）他告訴我的消息是真的。The newsthat he has just died is true. （同位語從句）他剛剛?cè)ナ懒耍@個消息是真的。The problem that weare facing nowis

37、 howwecan collect so muchmoney. （ 定語從句） 我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問題是如何籌集這么多資金。The problem howwecan collect so muchmoneyis difficult to solve. （同位語從句）我們?nèi)绾位I集這么多資金，這個問題很難解決。The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定語從句）他提出的問題讓我們很為難。The question whether he is sure to win the gameis hard to answer. （同位語從句）他是否一定會贏得那

38、場比賽，這個問題很難回答。3.同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用動詞be發(fā)展成一個完整的句子,而定語從句則不能。如：A. The idea that he wecould ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （同位語從句）我們可以向老師請教，這個主意不錯。The idea wasthat wecould ask the teacher for advice.B. The fact that the earth movesaround the sun is knownto all. （同位語從句） 地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)，這個事實人人皆知。The fact is

39、that the earth movesaround the sun.C. Payattention to the problem howwecan protect the wild animals. （同位語從句）請注意如何保護野生動物這個問題。The problem is howwecan protect the wild animals.Exercises:1 .There are three bedrooms in the house,is Mary's.A the smallest of whichB the smaller of whichC the smallest of

40、 themD the smallest one2 .The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,it will becompletely finished.A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time3 .Alice has a large collection of phone,was taken in london.A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which4 .With t

41、he fast development of agriculture, the people village Itaught before lived a happy life.A who B whose C in whose D in which5 .There is a moutain the top is always covered with snow.A whose B of which C it's D that6 .She mayhave missed her train, in case she won't arrive for anotherhour.A wh

42、at B that C which D this7.1） I have three children,and two of are doctors.2）I have three children, two of are doctors.8.There two thousand students in our school,are girls.A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds9.1 have bought two ballpens,writes well.A n

43、either of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（ 1-6ABDCBC 79 B DDC ）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句點擊1. These houses are sold at such a low price people expected.A. like B. as C. that D. which2. I've never heard so interesting a story you told me.A. as B. that C. of which D. about which3. I've se

44、en the same film you saw yesterday.A. that B. which C. as D. like4. I'll buy the same coat you wear.A. that B. which C. as D. like5. He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance toscience.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is6. is known to everybod

45、y, the moon travels round the earth onceevery month.A. It B. As C. That D. What7. This is the first time he has been here.A. that B. when C. at which D. which8. I don't like you speak to her.A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 答案與簡析：1. B。當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時，定語從句用as引導(dǎo)，即構(gòu)成

46、結(jié)構(gòu)為"such+ (a/an)形容詞名詞as" 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，意為" 像 一樣的 "。整個句子意為：這些房屋以人們原來估計的那樣低的價格出售。2. A 。由 so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as 在定語從句中作賓語。整句意為：我從未聽說過像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。3. A4. C o當(dāng)先行詞被same修飾時，定語從句由that或as引導(dǎo)，但意思不同。用 that引導(dǎo)定語從何指同一物，而用 as引導(dǎo)定語從何指同類事物。5. A。做此題的關(guān)鍵是要知道I th

47、ink在定語從句中作插入語，做題時將其去掉 便可容易得到答案。6. Bo As在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代表它所修飾的整個句子內(nèi)容，并且它 可放在所修飾句子的前、中或后面。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)如：as you know, as is said above,as is often the case(情況經(jīng)常是這樣)等。如選A,則需將逗號改為 that ；如選D,則需將逗號改為is that 。7. A 。當(dāng)先行詞為the first time, the last time 等時，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that 而不用when。8. A。當(dāng)先行詞為way時，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或in which,也可省略

48、。定語從句 - 實戰(zhàn)演練1 This is the best factory we visited last year .A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3. please pass me the dictionary cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of4. The man has arrived .A. whom I told

49、 you B. that I told youC. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is m

50、y teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D. where9. I ll visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. which10. The school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where

51、C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,the largest is Taiwan .A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which12. The city my mother grew up is not far from here .A. whatB. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house door faces to the north .A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do

52、you know the man _your father nodded ?A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15. Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt .A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you I know .A. all thatB. all whichC. all what D. all whom17. China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which

53、B. of whomC. of whoD. of them18. Is this factory we visited last year ?A. in whichB. aroundthat C. whomD. the one19. Who isthe man was there ?A. whoB. which C. thatD. whom20. Is there anything I can do for you, sir ?A. thatB. which C. whoseD.who21. I still remember the day she first wore that green

54、dress .A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games the young men competed in were difficult .A. in which B. which C. it D. who24.1 t rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. whichC. as D. it25. George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing.A. who B. whomC. heD. which26.His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor.A.of whom B.whomC.of whose D.whose27.She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart i