1、Unit 2Words minimum pole overhead offshore outwardsecuremagneticadj. 最小的最小的; 最低的最低的n. 地極地極; 柱柱; 桿桿adj. 在頭上的在頭上的adv. 在頭頂上在頭頂上; 在空中在空中adj. 離岸的離岸的; 海面上的海面上的adj. 外面的外面的; 向外的向外的adv. 向外向外; 在外在外adj. 安全的安全的; 可靠的可靠的adj. 磁的磁的; 有磁性的有磁性的awkwardreference precise simplify portable shortcoming updatedtendency reli

2、ableadj. 難使用的難使用的; 笨拙的笨拙的n. 參考參考adj. 精確的精確的; 準確的準確的vt. 單一化單一化; 簡單化簡單化adj. 輕便的輕便的; 手提的手提的n. 缺點缺點; 短處短處vt. 更新更新n. 趨向趨向; 傾向傾向adj. 可靠的可靠的; 可信賴的可信賴的1 What is a navigator?2 What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer? In pairs discuss these questions:A navigator explores new routes acrossth

3、e sea.A navigator explores the sea; an explorer discovers new places on land.3 Look at these famous people. Are they navigators or explorers? What do you know about them?Zheng He, in the year between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration. Und

4、er the command of Zheng He, the fleets set sail from the South ChinaSea across the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea, and then traveled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa. He renewed relations with the Kingdoms of the East African. When Marco Polo was still very young, he decided to tr

5、avel together with his father. It took them more than three years to travelto China. After nearly seventeen years travel in the East, Marco and his father wanted to return home. Marco Polo was born in Venice in 1254. He was the most famous foreigner to visit Asia during the Middle Ages.James Cook (1

6、728-1779) was the greatest Britain navigator. Cook enlisted in the Royal Navy in 1755. In 1768 he was promoted and sent to the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti, NewZealand, and Australia. On his famous 2nd expedition (1772-75) he explored Antarctica. In 1776 in his third and final voyage, heexplored

7、 the West coast of North America and discovered the Hawaiian Islands.SAILING THE OCEANSNow read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used.1 What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( ) What is the use of a compass? ( ) A to set the course of the s

8、hip B to measure the position of the ship C to measure the speed of the ship D to tell the timeBA1 Read the passage and answer the following questions.SAILING THE OCEANSUsing nature tokeep alongsidecoastline Part1Using navigationalinstruments to helpPart 2Using celestial bodiesUsing the wildlifeFind

9、ing longitudeUsing the seaFinding latitudeUsing the weather3 What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.What would you do if: Plan of action You were far from land and a storm arose.wait till

10、 the storm is over, and then find your new position and return to your original course You knew your latitude but didnt know your longitude. You were blown off-course. use knots to find your speed and work out your approximate longitude use the compass and the astrolabe, quadrant or sextant to find

11、out your position, return to your former course You were offshore but you needed more food and water.You wanted to keep a straight course. follow nesting birds to shore; look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find land use a compass You were lost with no land in sight. measure your

12、 position using the sun or stars; look for sea birds, cloud formations, fog or seaweed to show that land is nearby 1 To find the ships position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.4 Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills. Write the answers in yo

13、ur own words. Using nature 2 A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _ _ . 3 Sailors used _ _ to increase their speed.fresh seaweed, nesting birds returninghome in the evening or fogsea currents or tides andwinds Using instruments 4 There were two methods to find longitude: 1 _ 2 _ _ .measuring

14、 time and speedcompass and complicated mathematical tables 5 Write down the working principles of the following instruments: Beating circle: _ _ . Astrolabe:_ _ .to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at middayto compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars o

15、r the sun Quadrant: _ .a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements (using the ship as one of the fixed points to find its position) Sextant: _ . an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more ac

16、curate, to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship (using two mirrors to find the ships position) 5 Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only hold ten items. What would you need for a weeks journey acros

17、s the North Sea to England? CategoryItemsCategoryItemsClothesShoesHygieneToolsBeddingMedicinesGamesBooksshirt, trousers waterproof bootssoapscissors, knifeblanketsea-sick tablets, cold medicine cards, chessnovels, essay collections 1. at the mercy of 聽任聽任擺布，在擺布，在面面前無能為力前無能為力They were lost at sea at

18、the mercy of wind and weather. have / show mercy on sb.寬恕或憐憫某人；寬恕或憐憫某人；without mercy 毫不容情地毫不容情地Avoid (making ) any reference to hisillness . 千萬別提起他的病。千萬別提起他的病。2. reference n. 提到提到; 說到說到; 涉及涉及 附注附注; 旁注旁注 check your references 要核對引證的資料要核對引證的資料【知識拓展【知識拓展】refer v . 提到，說起，涉及；參考，提到，說起，涉及；參考， 查詢，常與查詢，常與to

19、連用。連用。When I said some people are stupid I wasnt referring to you. 當我說某個人很當我說某個人很愚蠢的時候，我沒有提到你。愚蠢的時候，我沒有提到你。If you dont know what this means, please refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知如果你不知道這是什么意思，請查看字典。道這是什么意思，請查看字典。She simplified the instructions so that the children could understand them. 她簡化了指令以便于兒童理解

20、。她簡化了指令以便于兒童理解。 3 simplify v. 簡化簡化; 使單純使單純That will simplify my task. 那可簡化了我的工作。那可簡化了我的工作。1. The data should be updated once a week. 這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該每星期更新一次。這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該每星期更新一次。 2. Maps need regular updates. 地圖需要經(jīng)常修訂。地圖需要經(jīng)常修訂。3. I updated the committee on our progress. 我向委員會報告了我們的進展情況。我向委員會報告了我們的進展情況。4 update v. 更新

21、更新; 補充最新資料補充最新資料S subject 主語主語P predicate 謂語謂語O object 賓語賓語Att attribute 定語定語Adv adverbial 狀語狀語Com complement 補語補語Pre predicative 表語表語C clause 從句從句Short forms 縮略語縮略語Difficult sentences analysis1 The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour一定時段得出的繩節(jié)數(shù)顯示航船的海哩一定時段得出的繩節(jié)數(shù)顯示航船的海哩時速。時速。 S Att CPOAdv2. Later, when seamen bega