1、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)用教程實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)手冊1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)一：網(wǎng)線制作（必做實(shí)驗(yàn)）1.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)簡介了解雙絞線的結(jié)構(gòu)，動手做線。1.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康拿课煌瑢W(xué)動手做網(wǎng)線，用測線器檢查應(yīng)通過。1.1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)注意事項(xiàng)l 注意做線時線的順序。雙絞線的兩種線序（T568A，T568B）l T568A的線序是：白綠、綠、白橙、藍(lán)、白藍(lán)、橙、白棕、棕。l T568B的線序是：白橙、橙、白綠、藍(lán)、白藍(lán)、綠、白棕、棕。l 直通線：T568B-T568Bl 交叉線：T568A-T568B1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)二：常用網(wǎng)絡(luò)基本命令（必做實(shí)驗(yàn)）1.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康膌 掌握如何為PC配置IP地址l 掌握如何使用IPCONFIG命令驗(yàn)證PC的

2、網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置l 掌握如何使用PING命令驗(yàn)證目標(biāo)主機(jī)的連通性l 掌握如何使用TRACERT命令跟蹤目標(biāo)主機(jī)路由l 掌握如何使用NETSTAT命令查詢主機(jī)當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接l 掌握如何使用TELNET命令驗(yàn)證目標(biāo)主機(jī)端口開放情況l 掌握如何使用NSLOOKUP命令進(jìn)行域名查詢l 掌握如何使用路由器上的Ping命令1.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)命令l IPCONFIG-IP地址相關(guān)配置查詢命令l PING-網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測試命令l TRACERT-路由跟蹤命令l NETSTAT-網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接查詢命令l TELNET-遠(yuǎn)程登錄命令l NSLOOKUP-域名查詢命令1.2.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境圖11 Tracert命令實(shí)驗(yàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)圖1.2.

3、4 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1) 為PC配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼、網(wǎng)關(guān)和DNS為PC配置正確的IP地址及相關(guān)參數(shù)。第一，點(diǎn)擊開始->控制面板->網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接->網(wǎng)卡。圖12 第二，點(diǎn)擊屬性按鈕。圖13第三，選擇TCP/IP協(xié)議，選擇屬性。圖14第四，配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼、網(wǎng)關(guān)、DNS。圖15第五，驗(yàn)證PC的IP地址及相關(guān)參數(shù)配置2) 使用IPCONFIG命令查詢主機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置圖163) 使用PING命令驗(yàn)證目標(biāo)主機(jī)的連通性使用PING命令測試連通性C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping Pinging 8 with 32

4、bytes of data:Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 8: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Appr

5、oximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 1ms使用PING命令對目標(biāo)主機(jī)PING 1000字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)包C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping -l 1000 Pinging 3 with 1000 bytes of data:Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 ti

6、me=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=6ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 3: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 3ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 4ms使用PING命令對

7、目標(biāo)主機(jī)連續(xù)PING 10次C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping -n 10 Pinging 3 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=6ms T

8、TL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56P

9、ing statistics for 3: Packets: Sent = 10, Received = 10, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 6ms, Average = 2ms使用PING命令持續(xù)PING目標(biāo)主機(jī)，使用Ctrl-C結(jié)束C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping -t Pinging 3 with 32 bytes of data:Re

10、ply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply fr

11、om 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=8ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 202

12、.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 3: Packets: Sent = 13, Received = 13, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 8ms, Average = 5msControl-CC4) 使用TRACERT命令跟蹤目標(biāo)主機(jī)路由C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>tracert -d Tra

13、cing route to 3over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 2 2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 7 3 186 ms 190 ms 198 ms 2 4 177 ms 172 ms 167 ms 9 5 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 6 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 6 7 9 ms 9 ms 8 ms

14、94 8 7 ms 6 ms 7 ms 3Trace complete.5) 使用NETSTAT檢查PC當(dāng)前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>netstat -anActive Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP :25 :0 LISTENING TCP :80 :0 LISTENING TCP :135 :0 LISTENING TCP

15、:445 :0 LISTENING TCP :1025 :0 LISTENING TCP :1027 :0 LISTENING TCP :1028 :0 LISTENING TCP :1029 :0 LISTENING TCP :1433 :0 LISTENING TCP :3389 :0 LISTENING TCP :8080 :0 LISTENING TCP :8888

16、 :0 LISTENING TCP :56737 :0 LISTENING TCP :56738 :0 LISTENING TCP 7:139 :0 LISTENING TCP 7:1433 7:2125 ESTABLISHED TCP 7:1433 7:2134 ESTABLISHED6) 使用NSLOOKUP命令查詢域名C:Documents and SettingsAdministrat

17、or>nslookupDefault Server: Address: > Server: Address: Name: Addresses: 29, > server Default Server: Address: > set querytype=mx> Server: Address: canonical name = server- primary name server = r

18、esponsible mail addr = serial = 7 refresh = 3600 (1 hour) retry = 600 (10 mins) expire = 604800 (7 days) default TTL = 3600 (1 hour)>> set querytype=ptr> Server: Address: 02. name = 116.106.202. nameserver = internet address = 202

19、. 實(shí)驗(yàn)三：路由器的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)-靜態(tài)路由典型配置舉例（必做實(shí)驗(yàn)）1.3.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康穆酚善鞲鹘涌诩爸鳈C(jī)的IP地址和掩碼如下圖所示。要求采用靜態(tài)路由，使圖中任意兩臺主機(jī)之間都能互通。1.3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)要求及組網(wǎng)圖靜態(tài)路由配置組1.3.3 配置步驟配置靜態(tài)路由# 進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)視圖。<RouterA> system-view# 在RouterA上配置缺省路由。RouterA ip route-static # 在RouterB上配置兩條靜態(tài)路由。RouterB ip route-static 255.255.2

20、55.0 RouterB ip route-static # 在RouterC上配置缺省路由。RouterB ip route-static 配置主機(jī)配置主機(jī)PC1的缺省網(wǎng)關(guān)為，主機(jī)PC2的缺省網(wǎng)關(guān)為，主機(jī)PC3的缺省網(wǎng)關(guān)為。1.3.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)注意事項(xiàng)，查看配置結(jié)果# 顯示RouterA的IP路由表。RouterA display ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Public Destinations :

21、8 Routes : 8Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface/0 Static 60 0 Serial2/0/24 Direct 0 0 Ethernet1/0/32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0/30 Direct 0 0 Serial2/0/32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0/32 Direct 0 0 Seri

22、al2/0/8 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0/32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0# 使用Ping命令驗(yàn)證連通性。RouterA ping PING : 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=62 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=63 ms

23、Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=63 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=62 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=62 ms - ping statistics - 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/6

24、3 ms# 使用tracert命令驗(yàn)證連通性。RouterA tracert traceroute to () 30 hops max,40 bytes packet 1 31 ms 32 ms 31 ms 2 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms1.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)四：以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)-VLAN和級聯(lián)（必做實(shí)驗(yàn)）1.4.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)簡介掌握VLAN和級聯(lián)的基本配置。1.4.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模菏炀毷褂靡蕴W(wǎng)交換機(jī)的常見命令，掌握VLAN的使用技巧。1.4.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境23臺S3000系列交換機(jī)，4臺PC。圖22 實(shí)驗(yàn)組網(wǎng)圖1.4.

25、4 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1) 實(shí)驗(yàn)基本配置準(zhǔn)備本實(shí)驗(yàn)的主要目的是掌握VLAN的基本配置。在完成VLAN的相關(guān)配置之后，要求能夠達(dá)到同一VLAN內(nèi)的PC可以互通，不同VLAN間的PC不能互通的目的。首先按照上圖連接各實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備，然后配置PCA IP地址為/24，PCB IP地址為/24,PCC IP地址為/24，PCD IP地址為/24。2) 具體的配置如下：a) 配置交換機(jī)端口屬于特定VLANQuidwaysysname S3026AS3026Avlan 2S3026A-vlan2port Ethernet 0/9 to e0/16S3026A

26、-vlan2vlan 3S3026A-vlan3port Ethernet 0/17 to e0/24Quidwaysysname S3026BS3026Bvlan 2S3026B-vlan2port Ethernet 0/9 to e0/16S3026B-vlan2vlan 3S3026B-vlan3port Ethernet 0/17 to e0/24當(dāng)配置交換機(jī)端口屬于特定VLAN時，有兩種方法：一種是上面介紹的在VLAN配置模式下進(jìn)行，另一種是在端口配置模式下進(jìn)行，大家有興趣可以試試看。b) 配置交換機(jī)之間的端口為Trunk端口，并且允許所有VLAN通過S3026Aint e0/1 S

27、3026A-Ethernet0/1port link-type trunk /設(shè)置端口工作在trunk模式（系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)為access模式）S3026A-Ethernet0/1port trunk permit vlan all /允許所有VLAN通過Trunk端口S3026Bint e0/1 S3026B-Ethernet0/1port link-type trunk S3026B-Ethernet0/1port trunk permit vlan all 配置完成后，可以看到，同一VLAN內(nèi)部的PC可以互相訪問，不同VLAN間的PC不能夠互相訪問。1.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)五：路由器的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)-配置RIP路

28、由協(xié)議（選做實(shí)驗(yàn)）1.5.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)簡介，組網(wǎng)需求如下圖所示，要求在RouterA和RouterB的所有接口上使能RIP，并使用RIP-2進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連。1.5.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模菏炀毷褂肦IP路由協(xié)議1.5.3 組網(wǎng)圖圖19 配置RIP版本組網(wǎng)圖1.5.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)配置步驟配置RIP基本功能# 配置RouterA。<RouterA> system-viewRouterA ripRouterA-rip-1 network RouterA-rip-1 network RouterA-rip-1 network # 配置RouterB。

29、<RouterB> system-viewRouterB ripRouterB-rip-1 network RouterB-rip-1 network 1.6 實(shí)驗(yàn)六：路由器的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)-配置OSPF基本功能（選做實(shí)驗(yàn)）1.6.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)簡介，組網(wǎng)需求所有的路由器都運(yùn)行OSPF，并將整個自治系統(tǒng)劃分為3個區(qū)域。其中RouterA和RouterB作為ABR來轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)區(qū)域之間的路由。配置完成后，每臺路由器都應(yīng)學(xué)到AS內(nèi)的到所有網(wǎng)段的路由。1.6.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模菏炀毷褂肙SPF路由協(xié)議1.6.3 組網(wǎng)圖圖20 OSPF基本配置組網(wǎng)圖1.6.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)配置步驟配

30、置OSPF基本功能# 配置RouterA。<RouterA> system-viewRouterA ospfRouterA-ospf-1 area 0RouterA-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterA-ospf-1-area- quitRouterA-ospf-1 area 1RouterA-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterA-ospf-1-area- quitRouterA-ospf-1 quit#

31、 配置RouterB。<RouterB> system-viewRouterB ospfRouterB-ospf-1 area 0RouterB-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterB-ospf-1-area- quitRouterB-ospf-1 area 2RouterB-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterB-ospf-1-area- quitRouterB-ospf-1 quit# 配置RouterC

32、。<RouterC> system-viewRouterC ospfRouterC-ospf-1 area 1RouterC-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterC-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterC-ospf-1-area- quitRouterC-ospf-1 quit# 配置RouterD。<RouterD> system-viewRouterD ospfRouterD-ospf-1 area 2Rou

33、terD-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterD-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterD-ospf-1-area- quitRouterD-ospf-1 quit1.6.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)注意事項(xiàng)檢驗(yàn)配置結(jié)果# 查看RouterA的OSPF鄰居。RouterA display ospf peer OSPF Process 1 with Router ID Neighbors Area interface 1

34、(Serial2/0)'s neighbors Router ID: Address: GR State: Normal State: Full Mode: Nbr is Master Priority: 1 DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0 Dead timer due in 32 sec Neighbor is up for 00:04:09 Authentication Sequence: 0 Neighbors Area interface (Serial

35、2/1)'s neighbors Router ID: Address: GR State: Normal State: Full Mode: Nbr is Master Priority: 1 DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0 Dead timer due in 34 sec Neighbor is up for 00:04:21 Authentication Sequence: 0 # 顯示RouterA的OSPF路由信息。RouterA display ospf routing OSPF Process 1 wit

36、h Router ID Routing Tables Routing for Network Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area /24 1563 Stub /24 3125 Inter /24 1562 Stub /24 1562 Stub 1

37、 /24 3124 Inter Total Nets: 5 Intra Area: 3 Inter Area: 2 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0# 顯示RouterA的LSDB。RouterA display ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID Link State Database Area: Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len

38、Sequence Metric Router 478 48 80000007 0 Router 479 48 80000007 0 Sum-Net 489 28 80000001 1562 Sum-Net 492 28 80000001 1563 Sum-Net 492 28 80000001 1562 Sum-Net 192.168.1

39、.1 467 28 80000001 1563 Area: Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Router 448 60 80000007 0 Router 472 48 80000004 0 Sum-Net 473 28 80000001 3125 Sum-Net 473 28 80000001 3124 Sum-Net

40、 489 28 80000001 1562# 查看RouterD的路由表，并使用Ping進(jìn)行測試連通性。RouterD display ospf routing OSPF Process 1 with Router ID Routing Tables Routing for Network Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area /24 4687 Inter /24 1 Stub /24 3124 Inter /24 4686 Inter