1、Nodal Averaging of Elemental Results:/Nodal averaging of elemental results at a node refers to the average of all the element corner results passing through that node. If no corner results are available for an element, centroidal results will be used calculate the nodal average. In the example figur

2、e below, four elements are passing through Node 400. The average results at Node 400 is equal to:A2+BUC3 + D4when Use corner data is turned on.A -i- B + C + D when Use corner data is turned off.Nodal averaging options are selected from the Averaging method drop-down menu on the Contour and Tso VaZue

3、 panels. The options are:SimpleAdvancedDifference如果取none，就是對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果不進(jìn)行光滑處理。如果取average, 有 simple,advanced等幾種方法，其中simple和 advance的結(jié)果差異非常小，difference的應(yīng)力結(jié)果通常會(huì)比 simple,advance的要大一些，一般使用simple就可以了。取平滑和不取平滑，應(yīng)力結(jié)果差別比較大，但對(duì)位移結(jié)果沒(méi)有什么影 響。通常情況下，把應(yīng)力結(jié)果進(jìn)行光滑后，應(yīng)力值會(huì)下降一些。在實(shí)際工作中，通常都是取光滑后的應(yīng)力結(jié)果，這樣的結(jié)果更接近結(jié) 構(gòu)的真實(shí)受力。Simple Averagin

4、g益忌Simple averaging means that tensor and vector components are extracted and the invariants are computed prior to averaging. For components, the corresponding components from each element corner are extracted and then they are averaged. For invariants, the corresponding invariants are calculated fr

5、om each tensor at the element corners and then averaged.For example, as shown in Nodal Averaging of Elemental Resthbts are four tensors, A2, B1, C3, and D4 at four corners at Node 400.RThe average of the xx component at Node 400 is 枯For the average of an invariant such as von Mises, the von Mises va

6、lue for all tensor A2, B1, C3 , and D4 are computed, then they are averaged as follows:同EE十吳十叫EBThe averaging methods for solid elements and shell elements are different.Advanced Averaging:,Advanced averaging means that tensor (or vector) results are transformed into a consistent system and then eac

7、h component is averaged separately to obtain an average tensor (or vector). The invariants are calculated from this averaged tensor. The consistent system can be the global or the user-defined system for solid elements. For shell elements, the consistent system is the nodal projection system, which

8、is the projected global or user-defined system on the nodal projection plane (described in the Projection rule). In the example shown in Nodal Averaging of Elemental Results, the averaged tensor at node 400 is:(口1 IJrc +Lb11rc + LC3Jrc +LD4Jrc reference system for corners A2, B1, C3, and D4, respect

9、ively.Where,網(wǎng)RC I rcC3 RCand D4RC are tensors transformed to theThe components are extracted and the invariants are computed from this averaged tensor or vector R RC.The averaging methods for solid elements and shell elements are different.The nodal differeris 莊he difference between the maximum and

10、minimum corner results at a node. For tensor/vector components, the corresponding components from each element corner are extracted and the difference is calculated. For invariants, the corresponding invariants are computed from each element corner and then the difference is calculated.The sign of a

11、 value is considered in the difference calculation. For example, the difference for the values, 200, 400, -100, and -500 is 900.In the example shown in Nodal Averaging of Elemental Results, the nodal differenceof tensor component xx at node 400 is:WhereThe difference calculation methods for solid el

12、ements and shell elements aredifferent.corner data:If corner data is available, the Use corner data option is enabled. If you activate the option, HyperView displays color bands by interpolating available corner results within each element. A discontinuity of the result distribution across element b

13、oundaries can be seen.variationThe relative difference at a node from corresponding corner values with respect to the value range from all nodes in the selected components.If the variation in the results is smaller than the specified percentage, HyperView will average the corner results to the nodes

14、. If the variation is larger than the specified percentage, HyperView will keep the discontinuity of the results.Element ReferenceProjectionType SystemRuleSolid GlobalN/AAll corresponding tensors andvectors are transformed to the global coordinate system and then a component or invariant isaveraged

15、as explained above.AnalysisN/AAll corresponding tensors andvectors are left in their original coordinate system (no transformation occurs) and then a component or invariant is averaged as explained above. In this case, each participating element result can be in a differentsystem. Simple averaging f

16、or components ignores variations in systems. Since invariance does not depend on the coordinate system, all reference systems will produce the same results for invariants.Elemental N/A All corresponding tensors and vectors are transformed to the elemental coordinate system and then a component or in

17、variant is averaged as explained above. In this case, each participatingelement result can also be in a different system. Simple averaging for components ignores variations in systems. Since invariance does not depend on the coordinate system, all reference systems will produce the same results for

18、invariants.User-defined N/A All corresponding tensors and vectors are transformed to the user-defined coordinate system and then a component or invariant is averaged as explained above.ShellGlobal ONAll corresponding tensors andvectors are transformed to the projected system (following the projectio

19、n rule) of the participating elements and then the component or invariants are averaged as explained above.As a result, even if the referencesystem is the same, the projected systems in participating elements can be different. Simple averaging for components ignores variations in systems.AnalysisOFF

20、 All corresponding tensors and vectors are transformed to the global coordinate system and a component or invariant is then averaged as explained above.N/A All corresponding tensors and vectors are left in their original coordinate system (no transformation occurs) and then a component or invariant

21、is averaged as explained above. In this case, each participating element result could be in a different system. Simple averaging for components ignores variations in systems. Since invariance doesnot depend on the coordinatesystem, all reference systems will produce the same results for invariants.E

22、lemental N/AAll corresponding tensors and vectors are transformed to the elemental coordinate system and then a component or invariant is averaged as explained above. In this case, each participating element result could also be in a different system. Simple averaging for components ignores variations in systems. Since invariance does not depend o