1、一、)名詞解析。1.軟件工程:指采用工程的概念、原理、技術(shù)、和方法來開發(fā)和維護(hù)軟件。其核心內(nèi)容是以工程化的方式組織軟件的開發(fā)，它借鑒了傳統(tǒng)工程的原則和方法，以求高效地開發(fā)高質(zhì)量的軟件。2.數(shù)據(jù)庫：存放在計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備中的一種合理的方法組織起來的，與公司或組織的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)和組織結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)應(yīng)的各種相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的集合，該集合中的數(shù)據(jù)可以為公司或組織的各級(jí)經(jīng)過授權(quán)的人員或應(yīng)用程序以不同的權(quán)限所共享。3.物流信息：指反映物流各種活動(dòng)內(nèi)容的知識(shí)、資料、數(shù)據(jù)、文件的總稱。4.物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化：按物流合理化的目的和要求，制定各類技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并形成全國乃至國際物流系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化體系的活動(dòng)過程。5.條碼.是由一組按一定編碼

2、規(guī)則排列的條、空符號(hào)組成的編碼符號(hào)，用以表示一定的字符、數(shù)字及符號(hào)組成的信息。6.射頻識(shí)別.是種非接觸式的自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)，是一項(xiàng)利用射頻信號(hào)通過空間耦合實(shí)現(xiàn)無接觸信息傳遞并通過所傳遞的信息達(dá)到識(shí)別目的的技術(shù)。7.應(yīng)用型地理信息系統(tǒng):根據(jù)用戶的需求和應(yīng)用目的而設(shè)計(jì)的除了具有地理信息系統(tǒng)基本功能外.應(yīng)用模型和方法。8.工具型地理信息系統(tǒng).具有地理信息系統(tǒng)基本功能,供其他系統(tǒng)調(diào)用或用戶進(jìn)行二次開發(fā)的操作平臺(tái).9.車輛線路模型:用于解決一個(gè)起始點(diǎn)、多個(gè)重點(diǎn)的貨物運(yùn)輸中，如何降低物流作業(yè)費(fèi)用，并保證服務(wù)質(zhì)量的問題。10.GPS.即全球定位系統(tǒng)，利用導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星口稱的全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行測時(shí)和測距。11.電子

3、數(shù)據(jù)交換.是一種在公司之間傳輸訂單它通過計(jì)算機(jī)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò).實(shí)現(xiàn)各有關(guān)部門之間數(shù)據(jù)交換與處理結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物.12.倉儲(chǔ)管理系統(tǒng).使用來管理倉庫內(nèi)部的人員、庫存、工作時(shí)間、訂單和設(shè)備的軟件實(shí)施工具。13.運(yùn)輸管理系統(tǒng).主要利用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)，對(duì)運(yùn)輸?shù)挠?jì)劃、工具、人員和過程的跟蹤、調(diào)度指揮等管理業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行有效管理的人機(jī)系統(tǒng)。14.配送：指物流企業(yè)或部門采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代化的硬件設(shè)備、軟件系統(tǒng)及先進(jìn)的管理手段，針對(duì)社會(huì)需求，嚴(yán)格地、守信用地按用戶的訂貨要求，進(jìn)行一系列分類、編配、整理、分工、配貨等理貨工作，定時(shí)、定點(diǎn)、定量地交給沒有范圍限度的各類用戶，滿足其對(duì)商品的需求。15.共用物流信息

4、平臺(tái).也稱為區(qū)域物流為企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)提供滿足需求,支撐企業(yè)信息功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。18.定性預(yù)測方法：是指主要依據(jù)調(diào)查研究，采用少量數(shù)據(jù)和直觀材料，預(yù)測人員再利用自己的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從而對(duì)預(yù)測對(duì)象作出預(yù)測。19.定量預(yù)測方法:依據(jù)必要的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,借用一定的數(shù)學(xué)模型,對(duì)預(yù)測對(duì)象的未來狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)進(jìn)行定量測算等方法的總稱.20.決策支持系統(tǒng):是一種以計(jì)算機(jī)為工具,應(yīng)用決策科學(xué)及有關(guān)學(xué)科的理論與方法,以人機(jī)交互方法輔助決策者解決半結(jié)構(gòu)化合非結(jié)構(gòu)化決策問題的信息系統(tǒng).21.系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì):是信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)過程中的一個(gè)重要階段,是在系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃“做什么”.“怎么做”的物理設(shè)計(jì)問題。22.系統(tǒng)實(shí)施:是指將系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)階段的結(jié)果在計(jì)算機(jī)

5、上實(shí)現(xiàn),將原來紙面上的、類似于設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案轉(zhuǎn)換為可執(zhí)行的系統(tǒng)。(二)問答題:1.。常用的數(shù)據(jù)模型有哪些?1.概念數(shù)據(jù)模型。概念數(shù)據(jù)模型只描述信息的特性和強(qiáng)調(diào)語義，而不涉及信息在計(jì)算機(jī)中的表示，是實(shí)現(xiàn)世界到信息世界的第一層抽象。2.結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)模型。結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)模型直接描述數(shù)據(jù)庫中數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，這類模型涉及到計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，又稱為基本數(shù)據(jù)模型。2.。什么事數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)？它是由哪些部分組成？1.）數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)是采用數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，是可運(yùn)行的以數(shù)據(jù)庫方式存儲(chǔ)、維護(hù)和向應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)提供數(shù)據(jù)或信息支持的系統(tǒng)。2.）它由計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)算機(jī)硬件、軟件、數(shù)據(jù)庫管理人員及其他人員所組成。3.。什么是物流信息？物流信息

6、的特點(diǎn)有哪些？1.物流信息指反映物流各種活動(dòng)內(nèi)容的知識(shí)、資料、圖像、數(shù)據(jù)、文件的總稱。它是物流活動(dòng)過程中各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)生成的信息，一般是隨著從生產(chǎn)到消費(fèi)的物流活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生而產(chǎn)生的信息流，與物流過程中的運(yùn)輸、保管、裝卸、包裝等各種職能有機(jī)結(jié)合在一起，是整個(gè)物流活動(dòng)順利進(jìn)行所不可缺少的。2.物流信息除具有信息一般特點(diǎn)外，還具有分布性、動(dòng)態(tài)性、復(fù)雜性的特點(diǎn)。5.。物流信息技術(shù)主要包括哪些？1.EDI技術(shù)；2.GPS/GIS技術(shù)；3.條形碼/射頻技術(shù);4通信技術(shù);5數(shù)據(jù)庫/數(shù)據(jù)倉庫技術(shù);6網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全技術(shù)。6.。什么是自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)?自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)包括哪幾種類型?答: 1.自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)就是應(yīng)用一定的識(shí)別裝置,通過被識(shí)

7、別物品和識(shí)讀裝置之間的接近活動(dòng),自動(dòng)地獲取被識(shí)別物品的相關(guān)信息,并提供給后臺(tái)的計(jì)算機(jī)處理系統(tǒng)來完成相關(guān)后續(xù)處理的一種技術(shù)。2.種類:1條碼技術(shù)2光學(xué)字符識(shí)別3生物識(shí)別技術(shù)4磁條技術(shù)5.IC卡6射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)。7.。條碼技術(shù)按碼制分為幾類?:條碼按碼制分為九類.：UPC碼、EAN碼、交叉25碼、39碼、庫德巴碼、128碼、93碼、49碼、其他碼制。8.。簡述RFID技術(shù)的主要特點(diǎn)。答：RFID是一項(xiàng)易于操控，簡單實(shí)用且特別適合于自動(dòng)化控制的靈活性應(yīng)用技術(shù)，其所具備的獨(dú)特優(yōu)越性是其他識(shí)別技術(shù)無法企及的。它既可支持只讀工作模式也可支持讀寫工作模式，且無需接觸或瞄準(zhǔn)；可自由工作在各種惡劣環(huán)境下；可進(jìn)行高

8、度的數(shù)據(jù)集成。另外，由于該技術(shù)很難被模仿、侵入、使RFID具備了極高的安全防護(hù)能力。9.地理信息系統(tǒng)由哪些部分組成？1計(jì)算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)2-軟件系統(tǒng)3地理空間數(shù)據(jù)4人員。10.應(yīng)用型地理信息系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容是什么？1系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)2數(shù)據(jù)庫詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)3系統(tǒng)功能設(shè)計(jì)4應(yīng)用模型和方法設(shè)計(jì)5輸入、輸出設(shè)計(jì)。11、GIS物流分析軟件集成了哪些模型？1車輛路線模型2網(wǎng)絡(luò)物流3分配集成4設(shè)施定位- 。12、網(wǎng)絡(luò)GPS的特點(diǎn)是什么？1成本較低2功能多、精度高、覆蓋面廣3定位速度快，有力地保障了物流運(yùn)輸企業(yè)能夠在業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)作上提高反應(yīng)速度，降低車輛空駛率、降低運(yùn)作成本，滿足客戶需要4.信息傳輸采用了GSM/GPRS公用數(shù)

9、字移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)，具有保密性高、系統(tǒng)容量大、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、漫游性能好、移動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；同時(shí)容易實(shí)現(xiàn)有權(quán)限的信息透明化。5.構(gòu)筑在國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這一最大的網(wǎng)上公共平臺(tái)上，具有開放度高、資源共享程度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。13、3G物流背誦監(jiān)護(hù)的功能有哪些？1.車輛跟蹤2路線的規(guī)劃和導(dǎo)航3指揮調(diào)度4信息查詢5緊急救援14.試述倉儲(chǔ)管理信息系統(tǒng)的作用。1為倉庫作業(yè)全過程提供自動(dòng)化的全面記錄的途徑2改變傳統(tǒng)上的固定貨位，實(shí)現(xiàn)全庫隨機(jī)儲(chǔ)存，從而最大限度利用倉容；3提高發(fā)貨的質(zhì)量和正確性，減少斷檔和退貨，提高顧客的滿意度4為倉庫的所有活動(dòng)、資源和庫存水平提供即時(shí)的正確信息。15.。試述運(yùn)輸管理信息系統(tǒng)的功能。1.配載調(diào)

10、度： 1)線路選擇 2)配載規(guī)劃 3)車輛調(diào)度。2.運(yùn)輸過程控制管理。3.運(yùn)輸資源管理。4.跟蹤調(diào)度：1)應(yīng)用MCA的車輛運(yùn)行管理系統(tǒng)2)應(yīng)用GPS等技術(shù)的車輛運(yùn)行管理系統(tǒng)。16.試述信息系統(tǒng)在供應(yīng)鏈管理中的作用。1.消除“牛鞭效應(yīng)”2可以使企業(yè)保持現(xiàn)有的客戶關(guān)系3促進(jìn)企業(yè)管理技術(shù)的推廣和管理思想的更新4使企業(yè)提高業(yè)務(wù)量5.可使企業(yè)吸引新客戶，拓展新業(yè)務(wù)。17.什么是物流信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化？物流信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化有什么特點(diǎn)？特點(diǎn)：1網(wǎng)絡(luò)專業(yè)性強(qiáng)2信息來源的廣泛性3地域的廣泛性4網(wǎng)上信息實(shí)時(shí)性、動(dòng)態(tài)性強(qiáng)。18.。試述電子自動(dòng)訂貨系統(tǒng)的流程。1.在零售店的終端利用條碼閱讀器獲取準(zhǔn)備采購的商品條碼，并在終端機(jī)上輸入

11、訂貨種類；利用電話線通過調(diào)制調(diào)解器傳到批發(fā)商的計(jì)算機(jī)中。2.批發(fā)商開出提貨傳票,并根據(jù)傳票,同時(shí)開出揀貨單,實(shí)施揀貨,然后根據(jù)送貨傳票進(jìn)行商品發(fā)貨。3.送貨傳票上的資料便稱為零售商的應(yīng)付賬款資料及批發(fā)商的應(yīng)收賬款資料。4.將送貨傳票上的資料并接到應(yīng)收賬款的系統(tǒng)中去。5.零售商對(duì)送到的貨物進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)后，便可以陳列與銷售了。19.。簡述POS的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。1.POS系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)主要依賴于計(jì)算機(jī)處理信息的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。目前大多采用由收款機(jī)、微機(jī)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)成的POS系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)的硬件主要包括收款機(jī)、掃描器、顯示器、打印機(jī)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、微機(jī)與硬件平臺(tái)等。2.POS的軟件系統(tǒng)組成包括前臺(tái)POS銷售系統(tǒng)和后臺(tái)MIS信息管

12、理系統(tǒng)兩大部分。其中前臺(tái)POS銷售軟件具有的功能有：日常銷售、交班結(jié)算、退貨、支持各種付款方式及即時(shí)糾錯(cuò)等。后臺(tái)MIS軟件則具有以下功能：商品入庫管理、商品調(diào)價(jià)管理。商品銷售管理、單據(jù)票證管理、報(bào)表打印管理、完善的分析功能、數(shù)據(jù)維護(hù)管理及銷售預(yù)測等。20.。常用的定性預(yù)測方法有哪些？1一般預(yù)測2市場調(diào)查3小組共識(shí)4德爾菲法5情景分析法。22.。試述決策支持系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)組成部分及其功能。1.人機(jī)對(duì)話子系統(tǒng)2.數(shù)據(jù)庫子系統(tǒng)3.模型庫子系統(tǒng)4.方法庫子系統(tǒng)。23.。物流信息系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)方法有哪些？1.結(jié)構(gòu)化生命周期法2.原型開發(fā)法3.面對(duì)對(duì)象的開發(fā)法4.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助系統(tǒng)開發(fā)方法。24.。試述物流信息系統(tǒng)的

13、開發(fā)過程。1.系統(tǒng)開發(fā)準(zhǔn)備2.系統(tǒng)調(diào)查3.系統(tǒng)分析4.系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)5.系統(tǒng)實(shí)施與轉(zhuǎn)換 6.系統(tǒng)維護(hù)和評(píng)價(jià)。25.。物流信息系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行管理包括哪些內(nèi)容？1.日常管理與維護(hù)2.系統(tǒng)文檔規(guī)范管理3.系統(tǒng)安全與保密管理。請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O萬分謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipel

14、ago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai Internation

15、al Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. Whil

16、e such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto

17、, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous

18、month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government ha

19、s set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visi

20、ted Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witness

21、ed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights bet

22、ween Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tour

23、ists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra,

24、 Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much att

25、ention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,00

26、0 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indones

27、ian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, howev

28、er, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the mo

29、dern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war

30、 against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques,

31、 such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought

32、in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also import

33、ed large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fou

34、rth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of

35、 books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is natures haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit tre

36、es. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The Safari on Foot area features walking trails where visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them fo

37、r a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Ed

38、ucation program, the park also serves as a second classroom for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is cl

39、oser to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a s

40、hock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Gree

41、ce has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger

42、now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable. The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the

43、 fragile global recovery. As a major customer and supplier of the 28-nation EU, and a responsible long-term holder of Eurobonds, Chinas confidence in and commitment to a strong eurozone offers EU leaders the necessary support to look at the Greek crisis from a broader and longer perspective. When Li said that China will not only consider a China-EU i