1、專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)初中階段應(yīng)掌握的時(shí)態(tài)共有八種，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。以do為例，常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如下表所示： 時(shí)態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu) 常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/doesoften, always, sometimes, usually等一般過(guò)去時(shí) didyesterday, last year, just now, ago等一般將來(lái)時(shí) am/is/are going to do 或 will/shall dotomorrow, next week, soon

2、, in a month等過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)was/were going to do 或 would dothe next day等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are doingnow, these days 等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doingat this time yesterday, at that time, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have donealready, yet, ever, never，so far, for three days, since two days ago過(guò)去完成時(shí)had donebefore, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， by過(guò)去時(shí)間專

3、題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)在常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)中，中考熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題透析如下：1條件狀語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)：在when, as soon as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如： Ill go to see him when I have time. 我有時(shí)間的話， 就去看他。If he calls, tell him Ill ring back. 如果他來(lái)電話，告訴他我將給他回電話2非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞come, go, leave, start, finish等的進(jìn)行時(shí)常表達(dá)將來(lái)之意。如：I am leaving for Japan tomorrow. 明天我要去日本。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)

4、態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)3“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”也可表示將來(lái)時(shí)。如：Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些烏云！馬上要下雨了。4在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，如果有持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： I have had the book for two days. 這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩天了。(用had，而不用bought)5在由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，if從句需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt

5、 rain the next day.艾米說(shuō)如果明天不下雨，她就去購(gòu)物。6have been to 和have gone to的區(qū)別兩者后均可接地點(diǎn)，前者表示“去過(guò)某地”，通常可與表示次數(shù)的狀語(yǔ)連用；后者表示“到某地去了”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)去某地的人不在場(chǎng)。如：He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。 He has been to Paris three times. 他去過(guò)巴黎三次。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者說(shuō)動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，

6、或者說(shuō)動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用的五種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及示例如下表所示：專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)示例一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are過(guò)去分詞All these things are made by machine.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were過(guò)去分詞This book was written by Lu Xun.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will be/is going to be過(guò)去分詞The cars will be sent abroad by sea.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have been 過(guò)去分詞All the postcards have been sent out.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

7、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be 過(guò)去分詞The flowers must be watered every day.專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況1表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)：happen, last, take place, break out, come out，come true, run out, give out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：The meeting took place in a beautiful city. 會(huì)議在一個(gè)美麗的城市舉行。A fire broke out during the night. 夜間發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

8、2一些特殊動(dòng)詞：英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞，如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物。且該用法通常與well, easily, slowly, quickly等副詞連用。如：This kind of computers sells well. 這種電腦很暢銷。3感官動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受的感官動(dòng)詞，如 feel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Your reaso

9、n sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)提醒在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get, let以及感官動(dòng)詞see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要加to。如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：A stranger was seen to walk into the building.專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)中考透視()1. 2011恩施 Tom, along with hi

10、s friends, _ Beijing tomorrow.Aare leaving for Bleave forCleaves to Dis leaving for D此題考查leave 的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)時(shí)。along with 是介詞，不能并列作主語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)仍為Tom, 故答案為D。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)()2. 2011雅安 She _ this book for nearly three weeks.Ahas borrowed Bhas lentChas bought Dhas keptD在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，如果有持續(xù)的時(shí)間，要把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞。borrow，lend, b

11、uy均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。故選D。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)()3. 2012福州 Hello, may I speak to Mr Smith?Sorry, he isnt in. He _the office.Ahas been to Bhas gone toChas been away Dhas been inBhas/ have gone to表示“到某地去了”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)去某地的人不在場(chǎng)。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)()4. 2012廣東 Dont hurry. He _here as soon as the meeting is over. Acomes Bwill co

12、meCwill get to DgetsB在as soon as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)()5. 2012重慶 Sanya is a beautiful city. I _ there twice.Ahave gone Bhave beenChave gone to Dhave been toBhas/ have been to表示“去過(guò)某地”，通?？膳c表示次數(shù)的狀語(yǔ)連用。there為副詞，故要省略to。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)()6. 2011鎮(zhèn)江 The cakes in the restaurant _， so they _ well.A

13、are tasted better; are sold Bare tasted well; sellCtaste terrible; are sold Dtaste nice; sellDtaste 是系動(dòng)詞，所以不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；sell與well連用時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)()7. 2011棗莊 In the past the children were made _15 hours a day.Ato lock Bwork Cto work DlockC在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get, let后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要省略to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要加to。專題九動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)( )8. 2012衢州 In July, 2012, the 30th Olympic Games_ in London.Awill be held Bbe heldCis held Dwas held( )9. 2012廣東 Shanghai is really a modern city now! Many tall buil