1、 HistoryThe United States of America英語國家概況第1頁，共45頁。America in the Colonial EraIThe War of IndependenceIIThe Civil WarIIIAmerica in the 20th CenturyIVAmerica in the 21st CenturyVCONTENT第2頁，共45頁。America in the Colonial EraI 1.2 Boston Tea Party 1.3 The First Continental Congress 1.1 Pilgrim Fathers 第3

2、頁，共45頁。 1.1 Pilgrim FathersIn 1620, Puritansthe Pilgrim Fathers sailed for Virginia aboard the ship Mayflower. Reason to flee from England:to avoid the religious persecutionLanded in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. 第4頁，共45頁。 1.2 Boston Tea PartyThe independence of the Massachusetts colonial gov

3、ernment was curtailed, and more British soldiers were sent to the Port of Boston. In 1773, patriots staged the “Boston Tea Party” in response to the tea tax. British Parliament then passed The Intolerable Acts: They boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor. 第5頁，

4、共45頁。1.3 The First Continental CongressThe First Continental CongressSeptember, 1774A meeting of colonial leaders who opposed British oppression was held in Philadelphia. They urged Americans to disobey The Intolerable Acts and to boycott (抵制) British trade. At the same time, the colonists began to

5、defend themselves. 第6頁，共45頁。The War of IndependenceII 2.1 The Shot of Lexington 2.2 The Second Continental Congress 2.3 Declaration of Independence 2.4 Process of the War 2.5 The Establishment of the Constitution 第7頁，共45頁。On April 19, British troops were sent to Lexington and Concord to disarm the A

6、merican militiamen. The first shot in the American War of Independence. 2.1 The Shot of Lexington第8頁，共45頁。 2.2 The Second Continental CongressHeld in Philadelphia in May 1775 Assume the functions of a national governmentFounding Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington. Print

7、ing paper money and opening diplomaticrelations with foreign powers. 第9頁，共45頁。George Washington, a wealthy Virginia planter, was respected as a man of ability and integrity. Once a colonel in the French and Indian War;One of the few Americans with considerable military experience; Led the continenta

8、l army to the victory of the Independence War. George Washington 2.2 The Second Continental Congress第10頁，共45頁。2.3 Declaration of IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed. Q.What does the Declaration of Independence tell us?A: It tells of the theory of politics, which l

9、atter is central to the Western political tradition:Men has a natural right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness”.Government can rule only with “the consent of the governed”;Any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the right of the people.第11頁，共45頁。The assistance from Franc

10、e Benjamin Franklina messenger to Europe to get help from other countries. The French King made two agreements with Franklin: 1.France would take part in the war against England. 2.They agreed to trade with each other.Spain and Holland joined France against Englanda quick end to the war. 2.4 Process

11、 of the War第12頁，共45頁。In 1781, a decisive victory at Yorktown in VirginiaOn October 19, 1781, the British army was forced to surrender, and the war came to an end. The two parts signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783America won its independence 2.4 Process of the War第13頁，共45頁。The Civil WarIII 3.1 Causes

12、of Civil War 3.2 Comparison of Power 3.3 The Fierce War 3.4 Influence of the Civil War 第14頁，共45頁。 3.1 Causes of Civil War3.1.1 Economic reason:two different economic systems 3.1.2 Political reasonThe NorthFederal Government as a unionThe SouthThe Confederate Government: the independence of each stat

13、e Q. What was the essential cause of the Civil War? 第15頁，共45頁。Two different economic systems existed side by side In the Southslavery was the foundation In the Northcommerce and industry led the economyled to increased conflicts between North and South. 3.1.1 Economic reason第16頁，共45頁。Southern Cotton

14、 PlantationWhitneys Cotton Gin3.1.1 Economic reason第17頁，共45頁。3.2 Comparison of Power第18頁，共45頁。3.3 The Fierce WarOn Feb 4,1861, Abraham Lincoln took officeAbraham Lincoln a young man & lawyer in IllinoisHe insisted slavery was evil and should be restricted and ultimately abolished第19頁，共45頁。Challenges

15、 Abraham Lincoln faced:first prioritykeeping the United States one countryfreedom for black peoplesecondary objective 3.3 The Fierce War第20頁，共45頁。On April 14, Lincoln was assassinated by actor John Wilkes Booth.3.3 The Fierce War第21頁，共45頁。The Lincoln Memorial, made of marble from Colorado and Tennes

16、see and limestone from Indiana, stands in West Potomac Park in Washington, D.C. 3.3 The Fierce War第22頁，共45頁。A. 1) abolished the slave system 2) swept the obstacles to the development of US capitalist production3.4 Influence of the Civil WarQ. What was the significance of the Civil War? 第23頁，共45頁。Ame

17、rica in the 20th CenturyIV 4.1 World War I 4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s 4.3 World War II 4.4 Post WWII Years 第24頁，共45頁。 Outbreak of the First World WarInevitable result of contradiction between two groups of imperialist powers:AlliesBritain, France, and RussiaThe Central European PowersGermany, Austria

18、-Hungary and Italy The political, economic and colonial rivalries of the great powers.4.1 World War I第25頁，共45頁。World War I 第26頁，共45頁。4.1 World War IQ. Why did America enter World War I?Germans submarines sank ships going to England injuring American trade.Germany promised the Mexicans a chance “to r

19、egain its lost territory by the war against the US”.After two years fighting, both sides grew wearya good chance for America to enter the war. 第27頁，共45頁。4.1 World War IUS entered the war in 1917 An armistice (?；饏f(xié)議) was concluded in November 1918 第28頁，共45頁。 4.2 Post WWI to the 1940sThe booming 1920s

20、private business received substantial encouragement第29頁，共45頁。The Great Depression In 1929 the stock market crashedDepression deepened, many lost their life savings 4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s第30頁，共45頁。People Waiting for Relief 第31頁，共45頁。World War II broke out in September, 1939 and ended in August, 19

21、45.Background of the war The World Spread economic crisis Germany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion. Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion.4.3 World War II第32頁，共45頁。A sit-on-the-fence policy do trade with the warring countries, including the

22、 aggressorsbelieve in “glorious isolation” 4.3 World War IIQ. What is Americas foreign policy in the early stage of World War II? 第33頁，共45頁。 On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese air force attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. It was the direct cause for Americas entrance int

23、o the war. 4.3 World War II第34頁，共45頁。4.3 World War II第35頁，共45頁。End of WWIIThe US airforce dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima On August 6 and on Nagasaki on August 8. On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered. 4.3 World War II第36頁，共45頁。The Cold War United Nations in 1945a new and better world would emer

24、ge from World War II. The conflict between the two superpowers Russia and the US increased and later led to the Cold War.4.4 Post WWII Years 第37頁，共45頁。NATO In 1949, the United Statesin company with 11 other powersentered into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).The Korean War The US aggres

25、sed Korea in June 1950A ceasefire agreement was signed in the summer of 1953marked the US failure and the end of the war.4.4 Post WWII Years Korean War Memorial第38頁，共45頁。The Vietnam WarA long-time suffering for the US Started under Eisenhower and continued by Kennedy and JohnsonIn 1965 US sent in tr

26、oops to prevent the South Vietnamese government from collapsing. Ultimately, a failureIn 1975 Vietnam was reunified under Communist control.4.4 Post WWII Years 第39頁，共45頁。Table Tennis Foreign PolicyNixonfirst US president visited Beijing. The “Shanghai Communiqu”a new US policy: there was one China; Taiwan was part of China; Q. W