1、第一篇 詩經(jīng)采薇第一篇?詩經(jīng)采薇?一、?詩經(jīng)?二、分析作品三、藝術(shù)特色四、相關(guān)評論五、楊柳意象一、?詩經(jīng)?一?詩經(jīng)?的內(nèi)容及其地位二詩六義1、風(fēng)雅頌2、賦比興三?詩經(jīng)?的語言特色二、作品分析相關(guān)背景采薇?是?詩經(jīng)小雅?中的一篇。歷代注者關(guān)于它的寫作年代說法不一。但據(jù)它的內(nèi)容和其它歷史記載的考訂大約是周宣王時代的作品的可能性大些。周代北方的獫狁即后來的匈奴已十分強(qiáng)悍，經(jīng)常入侵中原，給當(dāng)時北方人民生活帶來不少災(zāi)難。歷史上有不少周天子派兵戍守邊外和命將士出兵打敗獫狁的記載。 ?漢書匈奴傳?說：“(周)懿王時，王室遂衰，戎狄交侵，暴虐中國。中國被其苦，詩人始作，疾而歌之曰：靡室靡家，獫狁之故云云。這可

2、視為?采薇?之作的時代背景。從?采薇?的內(nèi)容看，當(dāng)是三千年前這樣的一位久戍之卒，在歸途中的追憶唱嘆之作。其類歸?小雅?，卻頗似?國風(fēng)?。詩中唱出參軍將士的艱辛生活和思?xì)w的情懷。 二、作品分析結(jié)構(gòu)分析全詩可分為三個局部：1、表現(xiàn)思?xì)w之情，包括前三章；2、回憶戰(zhàn)爭生活，包括第四、五章；3、抒寫歸途情思，最后一章。 三、藝術(shù)特點1、比興手法，從寫作上看，它和詩經(jīng)的許多作品一樣，用以薇起興的手法；2、章法、詞法上重沓疊奏，使內(nèi)容和情趣都得以層層鋪出，漸漸深化，也增強(qiáng)了作品的音樂美和節(jié)奏感。3、全詩記敘議論相結(jié)合，寫景、抒情和心理描寫搭配錯落有致，妥貼自然。四、相關(guān)評論在藝術(shù)上，“昔我往矣，楊柳依依。今

3、我來思，雨雪霏霏，被稱為?三百篇?中最正確詩句之一。自東晉謝玄以來，對它的評析已綿延成一部一千五百多年的闡釋史。王夫之?姜齋詩話?的“以樂景寫哀，以哀景寫樂，一倍增其哀樂和劉熙載?藝概?的“雅人深致，正在借景言情，已成為詩家口頭禪。而“昔往、“今來對舉的句式，那么屢為詩人追摹，如曹植的“始出嚴(yán)霜結(jié)，今來自露晞(?情詩?)，顏延之的“昔辭秋未素，今也歲載華(?秋胡詩?之五)，等等。 五、楊柳意象有人將古詩中的“柳歸納為八類，現(xiàn)將其摘錄如下，作為小結(jié)。、“左公柳。清人楊昌浚在贊譽驍騎將軍左宗棠的詩中云：“新栽楊柳三千里，引得春風(fēng)度玉關(guān)。以柳示春，綠柳就是春天的標(biāo)志。 、“灞陵柳。李白詩云：“秦樓月

4、，年年柳色，灞陵傷別。唐人送別，折柳相贈，意欲“挽留。以柳與“留諧音，象征友情綿長，永志不忘。清人周志蕙名句“古渡欲牽游子棹，離亭留贈旅人鞭，就是描摹折柳贈別之俗的。 五、楊柳意象、“隋堤柳。李商隱?隋宮?中云：“于今腐草無螢火，終古垂楊有暮鴉。以柳吊古，發(fā)年華易逝、世事頻更之感慨。韋莊“無情最是臺城柳，依舊煙籠十里堤，就是對六朝的懷故發(fā)思。 、“宛城柳。賀鑄詩云：“宛溪楊柳，依舊青青為誰好？以柳喻相思春情。吳文英有“一絲柳、一寸柔情詞句。朱淑真的“月上柳梢頭，人約黃昏后更是妙筆生花，以柳暗示愛情初萌的歡悅。、“沈園柳。陸游?絕句?云：“夢斷香銷四十年，沈園柳老不飛綿。以柳懷人、傷情難訴。五、

5、楊柳意象、“章臺柳。韓翊詩云：“章臺柳、章臺柳，昔日青青今在否？以柳暗喻其寵妓。“眠花臥柳、“煙花柳巷，柳即指落入煙花的妓女。 、“寒食柳。據(jù)?荊楚歲時記?載：“寒食日，皆折柳插門。張炎詩云：“折得一枝楊柳，歸來插向誰家？以柳寄思親戀鄉(xiāng)之情。倪瓚“舊家應(yīng)在，梧桐霞井，楊柳藏門。以柳感懷游子鄉(xiāng)情。 、“金雪柳。李清照?永遇樂?中云：“鋪翠冠兒、拈金雪柳，簇帶爭濟(jì)楚。以柳妝扮，更添女兒幾分嬌美。常言道“清明不戴柳，紅顏成皓首，就是這個道理。Isc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIrb*Pzj3XHrb*Pzj3XHrb*Pzj3XHrb*Pzj3

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