1、英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)試題Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry （練習(xí) 1）I . Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily

2、through the use of construct.A. word B. form C. morpheme D. rootis traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics English is derived from the language of early tribes.A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D.

3、Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semanticis the study of style . It is concerned with the user s choices of linguistic elements ina particular for special effectsA. situation B. con

4、text C. time D. place shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic. Terminology consists of terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technical B. artistic

5、 C. different D. academic.refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot. belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standa

6、rd general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. polic

7、emanA. Argot B. Slangare words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.use but are now restricted onlyC. Jargon D. Dialectal words 12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once into specialized or limited use.A. common B. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms arenewly-createdwords or expr

8、essions,or words that have taken onmeanings.A. new B. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notionsand thus areknown aswords. They include nouns,verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notional C. emptyD. formal15. Functionalwords do not havenotions of theirown. Therefore, t

9、hey are also calledwords.Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliariesand articlesbelong tothis category.A. contentB. notional C. empty D. newII. Complete the following statements with properwords or expressionsaccordingto the coursebook.is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins andof words.l

10、exicology aims at investigating and studying thestructuresof Englishwords and worddevelopment, formation andsuch as morphology,equivalents, their semantics, relations,English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines,etymology, stylistics,There are generally two approaches to the study of words

11、 , namely synchronic andLanguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar andIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteri

12、stics of the basic word stock.AB. Stability ( )A. E-mailCollocbility( )B. aughtJargon( )C. porArgot ()D. uponwords( )E. hypoNeologisms ()F. at heartAliens ()G. manSemantic-loans( )H. dipArchaisms ()I. freshEmpty words ()J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characterist

13、ics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary. TOC o 1-5 h z dog cheap ( )32 a change of heart ()33. can-opener ( )()bottom line ()()auld ( )38. futurology ()()40. take ()Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansAnswer the foll

14、owing Questionsthe relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock Illustrate your points with examples.Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.Classify the following

15、words and point out the types of words according to notion. earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.Translation-loans,Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey

16、to Exercises:1. historical, usages 18. semantics, . vocabulary21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. the basic word stock; productivitythe basic word stock; collocabilitybasic word stock; argotword stock; slangnonbasic word stock; jargonnonbasic word stock ;terminology word stock; dialectal wordsnonbasi

17、c word stock ,neologismsnonbasic word stock; archaismsthe basic word stock; polysemyVVI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: la

18、ma, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(練習(xí)2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.It is assumed that the world has approxima

19、tely 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be grouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500 B.4000 C.300 D.2000The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly language.A. inflected B. derived C. developed D. analyzedAfter the , th

20、e Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in greatnumbers.A. Greeks B. Indians C. Romans D. FrenchThe introduction of had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. Hinduism B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. IslamismIn the 9 th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish V

21、ikings. With the invaders, many words came into the English language.A. Greek B. Roman C. Celtic D. ScandinavianIt is estimated that at least words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modernEnglish.A. 500 B.800 C.1000.D.900The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest star

22、ted a continual flow of words into English.A. French B. Greek C. Roman D. LatinBy the end of the century , English gradually came back into the schools, the lawcourts, and government and regained social status.A. 12 th B. 13 th C. 14 thAs a result , Celtic made only a contribution to the English voc

23、abulary.A. smallB. big C. greatD. smallerThe Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and.A. Greek B. Roman C. Indian D. RussianIn the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the

24、dead language.A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. GreekGreek is the modern language derived from .A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . GermanicThe five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called.A. SanskritB

25、. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-SaxonThe family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. HellenicBy the end of the century , virtually all of the people who he

26、ld political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10 thD. 13thComplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as. If we say that Old English was a langu

27、age of full endings , Middle English was one ofIt can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) tothe present language.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian .Arme

28、nian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and Modern English.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin TOC o 1-5 h z of the words 2)history off English development 3) la

29、nguage family. ABCeltic()religious()() C. PersianFrench()Old English () E. abbot()F. skirtEnglish () G. sunuModern English () H. lernenGermanic family () I. freight() J. NorwegianIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ()33. predictor ()35. p

30、rewar ()antecedent ()su()V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42.()34. radios()36. happiest()38. northward ()40. diction ()bound morphemes 43. root 44. stemVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.Describe the characteristics of Old English .Describe the

31、 characteristics of Middle English.Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.What are the three main sources of new wordsHow does the modern English vocabulary developKey to exercises:English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic (1700-u

32、p to the present )21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. C31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root root(See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of n

33、ew words are :The rapid development of modern science and technology ,. astrobiology, green revolution ;Social , economic and political changes; . Watergate, soy milk;The influence of other cultures and language; . felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels:

34、 creation,. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, . Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II(練習(xí)I . Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would

35、best complete the statement.D. locativeThe prefixes in the words of ir resistible,nonclassicaland apoliticalare called .A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes: pseudo-friend,malpractice,prefixesThe prefixes contained in the following words are calledmistrust.reversative

36、prefixednegative prefixespejorative prefixesD. locativeprefixes3. The prefixed contained inunwrap,de-compose and dis allow arereversative prefixednegative prefixespejorative prefixesD. locativeprefixes4. The prefixes in wordsextra -strong, overweight andarch bishop areA . negative prefixes B. prefix

37、es of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesThe prefixes in words bi lingual , uni form and hemisphere areA. number prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesare contained in words trans -world, intra-party and fore head.A. Prefixes of orie

38、ntation and attitude B. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixes D. Prefixes of degree or sizeRugby ,afghan and champagneare words coming from.A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesOmega,Xerox and orlon are words from.A. names of books B. names of places C. names

39、 of people D. tradenames,fore tell and post -election contain.A. negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixesMackintosh, bloomers and cherub are fromA. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesThe prefixes in wordsnew-Nazi

40、, autobiography andpan -European areA. negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixesThe prefixes in words anti -government , pro student and contra flow are-.A. prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of t

41、ime and order D. miscellaneous prefixesUtopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from.A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesThe suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are.A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixesThe suffixes in words heighte

42、n, symbol ize are.A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixesComplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem

43、. This process is also known as.,also called, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called.18. is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19.is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a wor

44、d plusa part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or words.20 A commonway of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B acco

45、rding to types of suffixation.AB21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless 22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes()B. downward () C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc)D. darkenDe-adjective noun suffixesNoun and adjective suffixesDenominal adjective suffixesDeverbal adj

46、ective suffixesAdverb suffixes()() E violinist()( )G. arguable ()I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes( )J. survivalDeverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)2) typesStudy the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clippingof acronymy and write the full terms.()32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34.

47、pub ( ) 35. c/o ()36. V-day ( ) 37. TB () 38. disco ( ) ( ) 40. perm ()Define the following terms .45.41. acronymy42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixationsuffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.What are the characteristics of compoundsWhat are the main types of blending

48、sWhat are the main types of compoundsVII. Analyze and comment on the following:Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.donate donation emoteemotionloaf loafer begbeggareavesdrop-eavesdropping babysit-babysitterdrowse drowsy laze-lazywords.(2) The rich must help the poor.Rea

49、d the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized (1) I m very grateful for your help.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :B 2. C 3. A 4.

50、B 5. A16. derivation , compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau)22. I 23. H 24. J. Front clipping, earthquakeBack clipping, stereophonicand back clipping, influenzaclipping, public houseInitialisms, care ofAcronyms, Victory DayInitialisms, tuberculosisBack clipping, discothequeFront clipping

51、, helicopterPhrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book).There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) No

52、un to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (練習(xí) 4)Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.A word is the combination of form and.A. spelling B. writing C. meaning D. denotingis

53、the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. ContextSense denotes the relationships the language.A. outside B. with C. beyond D. insideMost English words can be said to be.A. non-motivated B. motivated C. connected D. relatedis a

54、(n)motivated word.A. morphologically B. semantically C. onomatopoeically D. etymologicallyHopeless is a motivated word.A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologicallyIn the sentence He is fond of pen , pen is a motivated word.A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semanti

55、cally D. etymologicallyWalkman is a motivated word.A. onomatopoeically B. morphologically C. semantically D. etymologicallyFunctional words possess strong whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaning B. conceptual meaningC. associative meaning D.

56、 arbitrary meaningunstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaning B. Connotative meaning C. Collocative meaning D. Affective meaning meaning indicates the speaker s towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B

57、. liking C. attitude D. understanding.are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such asoh, dear me,alas .A. Prepositions B. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations. It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because ina sense both stylistic and affective m

58、eanings are revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaning B. grammatical meaning C. lexical meaning D. collocative meaning the same language, the same concept can be expressed in .A. only one word B. two words C. more than three D. different wordsis the relationship between language and th

59、e .A. speakers B. listeners C. world D. specific countryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest theirCompounds and derived words are words and the meanings of many are the sum t

60、otalof the morphemes combined. refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning of a word.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their . In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual mea