1、Lesson 17Always young 1appear vi.（1）出現(xiàn)，顯露：Suddenly, a car appeared.突然，一輛小汽車出現(xiàn)了。（2）當(dāng)眾露面；登場(chǎng)（演出等）：I cant appear in this dress at the party.我不能在晚會(huì)上穿著這身衣服露面。Miss Marsh will appear in tonights play.在今晚的這場(chǎng)劇中，馬什小姐將會(huì)登場(chǎng)。（3）似乎，看起來(lái)好象（與seem同義）：She appears to know you.她似乎認(rèn)識(shí)你。Now it appears you are wrong.現(xiàn)在看來(lái)你是錯(cuò)的。

2、stagen.舞臺(tái) onthestage:在舞臺(tái)上 inthestage:在某一階段 I needed some orientation at this stage.我在這個(gè)階段需要熟悉情況。Tourism was then still in its infant stage.旅游業(yè)當(dāng)時(shí)還處在初創(chuàng)階段。grow vi.（1）生長(zhǎng)，成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)育：Trees of this kind dont grow in our country.我們國(guó)家不長(zhǎng)這種樹(shù)。How tall youve got! Youve grown a lot.你已經(jīng)這么高了！你長(zhǎng)了不少。（2）grow up 長(zhǎng)成，成熟（其被動(dòng)態(tài)表

3、示長(zhǎng)大成人）：Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her.自從我上次見(jiàn)到她之后，露西已成熟了許多。What do you want to do when youre grown up?等你長(zhǎng)大了，你想干什么？【New words and expressions】 1. appear v. 登場(chǎng), 扮演 vi. 出現(xiàn)，顯露（反義詞是disappear）The plane appeared. vi. 當(dāng)眾露面；登場(chǎng)（演出等）I cant appear in this dress at the party.appear as 扮演角色He appeare

4、d as a prince. (prince n. 王子) vi. 似乎，看起來(lái)好象（與seem同義），顯得(系動(dòng)詞，后面直接加形容詞)He appears nervous. 他顯得很緊張(看起來(lái)) Now it appears you are wrong.bright鮮艷的 adj. 1鮮艷的bright red : 鮮紅色bright yellow : 明黃色，The bright sun lit up the meadow.燦爛的太陽(yáng)照亮草地。 meadow medu n. 草地；牧場(chǎng)The box was painted bright red. 盒子被漆成鮮紅色。2. 歡快的;開(kāi)朗的;

5、生氣勃勃的She has blue and bright eyes她有一對(duì)藍(lán)色的歡快的眼睛。. 3 聰穎的;機(jī)靈的He is full of bright ideas.他足智多謀4. 前途光明的If you work hard, you will have a bright future. 如果努力工作,你將會(huì)有一個(gè)美好的前程。2. bright adj. 鮮艷的bright red 鮮紅色； bright yellow 明黃色； bright blue 寶藍(lán)色stocking My stocking is always full of presents at Christmas.我的長(zhǎng)襪在圣

6、誕節(jié)經(jīng)常裝滿了禮物。Its no use keeping this odd stocking.單只的襪子留著沒(méi)什么用。a pair of silk stockings 一雙長(zhǎng)筒絲襪She wears a pair of sheer stockings. 她穿著一雙透明的絲襪。 【課文講解】1、My aunt Jennifer is an actress.以-ess結(jié)尾的是女性；以-or、-er結(jié)尾的是男性actor 男演員 ； actress 女演員 : waiter 男服務(wù)員 ； waitress 女服務(wù)員prince 王子 ； princess 公主lion 公獅子 ； lioness 母

7、獅子god 神 ； goddess 女神 (God 上帝,注意 “G” 大寫)以-or，-er結(jié)尾的是男性，以-ess結(jié)尾的是女性（不是全部） actor:男演員；actress：女演員 waitor：男服務(wù)員；waitress：女服務(wù)員 prince：王子；princess：公主 lion：公獅子；lioness：母獅子 teacher男女通用 doctor：男醫(yī)生；womandoctor:女醫(yī)生 2、She must be at least thirty-five years old.年齡的兩種表示方法： 數(shù)字+years old，作表語(yǔ)thirty-five years old 三十五歲

8、She is fifteen years old. 她五歲 數(shù)字+-year-old，作定語(yǔ)my four-year-old daughter我們已學(xué)過(guò)兩種年齡表示法。一種是“數(shù)字+years old”，作表語(yǔ)：My father is fifty-seven years old now.我父親現(xiàn)在已57歲了。另一種是“數(shù)字+ -year-old”，作定語(yǔ)：Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a childrens party.上周，我4歲的女兒薩莉應(yīng)邀去參加一個(gè)兒童晚會(huì)。at least 是一固定短語(yǔ)，表示“

9、至少”：He borrowed at least five books from the library.他從圖書館至少借了5本書。If you cant clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it.如果你不能擦車，你至少可以幫我擦。must + 動(dòng)詞原形 不得不, 必須；(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的)推測(cè) She must be a model.她一定是個(gè)模特。She must be at most fifteen years old. 她最多十五歲She must be at least fifteen years old. 她至少十五歲at le

10、ast 至少, 最少 If you cant clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it.at most 最多 3、In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.in spite of 不管，盡管 (“of” 為介詞, 后面一定會(huì)加名詞、代詞或從句)in spite of this 盡管如此In spite of this, I still like school.（school前不加“the”表示上學(xué)，加“the”只表示學(xué)校） In spite of

11、 what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.in spite of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“不管”、“盡管”，后面可以跟名詞、代詞或從句：In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.盡管下雨，他們還是繼續(xù)旅行。In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.不管你說(shuō)她什么，她比瑪麗要好得多。（2）this 代指上句話，即“她至少也有35歲”這個(gè)事實(shí)。He has modern id

12、eas in spite of his great age.盡管他年事很高，但思想觀念卻很入時(shí)。In spite of his anger,his remarks were restrained.他盡管生氣，說(shuō)的話還是有節(jié)制的。as的幾種用法（1）作為介詞，它可以表示“作為”、“以身份”等：In this film, he appeared as a policeman.在這部影片中，他扮演一名警察。As a mechanic, he cant always keep himself clean.作為一名機(jī)修工，他無(wú)法總保持身上干凈。（2）作為連詞，它可以表示“因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ罢?dāng)時(shí)候”、“以方式”

13、或“如同那樣”等含義：You must take care of the baby tomorrow as I am going to London.由于我要去倫敦，你明天必須照料這孩子。（因?yàn)?，由于）As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.我們正談?wù)撍臅r(shí)候，他敲門了。（正當(dāng)時(shí)候）She cooked the dinner as her mother taught her.她按母親教她的方式做了晚餐。（以方式）4、Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.join 參

14、加了某一種團(tuán)體join sb./sth.join the army 參軍join the party 入黨join us (口語(yǔ))加入我們(這個(gè)團(tuán)體)中來(lái)take part in 參加某一種活動(dòng)take part in the race 參加比賽take part in a playattend 出席attend the meeting 參加會(huì)議, 出席會(huì)議attend the party 出席宴會(huì)attend the class 上課Thank you for your attending. 謝謝大家的出席(到來(lái))Thank you for your listening. 謝謝大家的聽(tīng)講Th

15、is time, she will be a girl of seventeen.be在這里是“扮演”的意思：Tonight, Karen Marsh is Helen.今晚卡倫馬什扮演海倫。 a girl of seventeen of 引入名詞的后置修飾成分，例： a coat of bright colour5、In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.in (+顏色、衣服) 穿著樣的衣服，用介詞短語(yǔ)取代動(dòng)詞，避免了一句話中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞The boy in green.in a

16、bright red dress 鮮紅色的連衣裙bright,orange-coloured dress 鮮艷的桔黃色衣服 in在這句話中表示“穿著”、“戴著”：The girl in red over there is my neighbour.那邊那個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩是我的鄰居。John was in a black dress this morning.約翰今天上午穿的是件黑衣服。（2）dress 一般指連衣裙、套裙，也可以指外穿的衣服或特定場(chǎng)合穿的禮服：Everyone is in evening dress tonight.今晚大家都穿了晚禮服。7、If anyone ever ask

17、s her how old she is, she always answers, Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!ever = at any time 任何時(shí)候(時(shí)間副詞)it must be 一定(表示推測(cè))grown-up adj. 成年人be grown-up 作為一個(gè)成年人grow up (人)成長(zhǎng)當(dāng)有人問(wèn)你年齡時(shí)，你可以這樣回答：It is a secret. / It is privacy.I forget it. 1）it 為先行詞，代替 to be grown up，這個(gè)不定式是句子真正的主語(yǔ)。再如：It is a pl

18、easant thing to have many friends.有許多朋友是件令人愉悅的事。（2）這句話的言外之意是她還沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)成大人，還是個(gè)小姑娘，因?yàn)樗玫氖潜硎就茰y(cè)的 must。She has a grown-up daughter who lives abroad.她有一個(gè)已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大成人的女兒，在海外生活。The boy eats like a grown-up.那男孩的食量像個(gè)成人。Difficultiesgrow vi.生/成長(zhǎng)，漸漸變得，增長(zhǎng)，增高 vt.種植，栽培，培育e.g. Farmers grow rice. e.g. Money doesnt grow on trees

19、. grow up 長(zhǎng)大；長(zhǎng)成；成年 31Key structures 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must must 主觀 必須 have to 客觀 have got to 客觀 現(xiàn)在must do 表推測(cè) 過(guò)去must have done32eg. 你必須少抽些煙。 You must cut down on smoking. Im afraid I must go now.eg. Must you leave now? Yes, I must./ No, I neednt.33Key structuresmust與have to一般可互換，但表示“必須” 時(shí)， must著重說(shuō)明主觀看法， have to比較

20、強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。eg. I must tidy up the room. 我必須打掃一下房間。（主觀想法） I have to tidy up the room. 我不得不打掃一下房間。（客觀需要）34Key structureshave to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must沒(méi)有eg. I had to go to see the dentist. She had to go shopping yesterday.在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： dont have to 表示“不必”mustnt表示“禁止”eg. You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。

21、 You mustnt tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。35Key structuresmust be可用來(lái)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)，（只有在肯定句中能這樣用，這種揣測(cè)比may be表示的要肯定得多）：eg. He must be working in his office. She must be over forty.試比較：eg. He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必須呆在那。 36Key structuresmust 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，要接完成式。eg. I didn

22、t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我剛才沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到電話，我想必是睡著了。 37Difficultiesas adv. 同樣地，一樣地 prep. 作為，當(dāng)作 conj. 與.一樣，在.之時(shí)，因?yàn)?，如?eg. You are as sweet as sugar. 你甜如蜜。（conj. 與一樣） The situation is not so bad as you think. 情況不像你想的那么糟。(conj. 與一樣) I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家時(shí)在冰上滑了一跤。（conj. 在之時(shí)）

23、38Difficultieseg. I cannot come as I am busy. 由于忙我不能來(lái)。（conj. 由于，因?yàn)椋?The sun is hot, as everyone knows. 太陽(yáng)是熱的，這一點(diǎn)眾所周知。 （conj. 與一樣，如同）eg. He works as an engineer. 他擔(dān)任工程師的工作。（prep. 以身份，作為） 39suit 套裝，一套衣服。尤指由一件上衣和褲子或裙子組成的一套為了某項(xiàng)特定活動(dòng)而穿的衣服。eg. a diving suit 水衣 a running suit 跑步衣dress 多指上下連身的女裝，連衣裙，晚裝costum

24、e 服飾，服裝，包括衣服，裝飾和發(fā)飾。尤指用于某時(shí)期、某團(tuán)體、某活動(dòng)的節(jié)日服裝、戲裝。eg. skiing costume 滑雪服Difficulties40Suit 41Dress 42Costume 4344She had excellent taste in costume.她對(duì)衣著特別講究。The kimono is part of the national costume of Japan.和服是日本民族服裝的一部分。【Special difficulties】情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞mustMust譯為“必須”，可以表示“必要，命令或強(qiáng)制，邀請(qǐng)，決心，不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多處含義。它沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱

25、變化，通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。在其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，must的有些含義可以用have to或have got to。這三種形式一般可以互換，但用于第一人稱時(shí)，have to(have got to)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因，must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說(shuō)話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事。 have to和have got to往往可以互換，但與always，sometimes等頻度副詞連用時(shí)，用have to往往比用havt got to好。have got to比have to更口語(yǔ)化。在過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中, 要用have to 來(lái)表示 “必須”，have to可以有任意時(shí)態(tài)She will have t

26、o ；She had to ； She has/I have had tohave to作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 否定式為dont have to；will not have to；didnt have to在表達(dá)“難道你不能不（做）”時(shí)，一般用“Must you?”，而不用“Do you have to?” Must you leave now? 難道你非得現(xiàn)在就走嗎？ Im afraid so. I have to study for an exam.must可以表示推測(cè)，must do表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)；must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè) He must be mad.在 I think/

27、he thinks的從句中，一定要用事實(shí)說(shuō)話. (不能說(shuō)成 “I think he must be a fool.” )must be的否定式為cant be（不可能）： Someones using the phone, it must be John. It cant be John. He promised me he wouldnt use it today.【Special difficulties】As的用法 作為介詞，可以表示“作為”、“以身份”等In this film, he appeared as a policeman.As a mechanic, he cant alw

28、ays keep himself clean. 作為連詞，可以表示“因?yàn)椤?、“正?dāng)時(shí)候”、“以方式”或“如同那樣”等You must take care of the bady tomorrow as I am going to London.（因?yàn)?，由于）As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.（正當(dāng)時(shí)候）Do as you are told. 叫你怎么做就怎么做(按你被告知的那樣去做)（以方式）As I learned, （如同那樣） “擔(dān)任工作”I work as an engineer. Dress, Suit, Cos

29、tumedress n. 裙子，晚禮服，連衣裙(女式)suit n. 套裝（男式） My brother never wears ready-made suits. 我的弟弟從來(lái)不穿成衣。costume n. 演出服,民族服裝,某一年代所穿的服裝 All the actors wore fifteenth-century costumes. 所有演員都穿著15世紀(jì)的服裝。Grow and Grow up grow vi. 生長(zhǎng)，成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)育 Trees of the kind dont grow in our country. How tall youve got! Youve grown a

30、lot.grow up 長(zhǎng)成，成熟（其被動(dòng)態(tài)表示長(zhǎng)大成人） Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her. 自從我上次見(jiàn)到她之后，露西已成熟了許多。 What do you want to do when youre grown up? Some people never grow up. 有些人總是成熟不起來(lái)。Exercises 3 She hired a(suit)(costume)for the fancy-dress party.costumefancy-dress-party 化妝舞會(huì)； hire v. 雇，租It 做形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式做

31、真正的主語(yǔ)。It must be terrible to be grown up.To be grown up must be terrible. grown up 是grow up的過(guò)去分詞，這里活用為形容詞，放在動(dòng)詞不定式的后邊， 要加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞 be53It is necessary for sb. to do.It做形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式做真正的主語(yǔ)對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，做某事是必須的。It is necessary for me to have some help.It will be necessary for you to work hard. It was necessary for him

32、 to go out last night. Is it necessary for you to make so much noise?54adj.+n.ed/adj.+doing/n.+done warm-hearted bad-tempered orange-colored goodlooking easygoing handmade sunburnt 55dress n. 女服, 童裝, 服裝, 衣服 v. (給.)穿衣 in+ 顏色/衣服 in + 顏色+衣服 穿著 dress sb. (in+顏色/衣服) 給某人穿 wear sth. / have sth. on 表穿著的狀態(tài) p

33、ut on 表穿的動(dòng)作She was in a bright red dress.She dressed herself in a bright red dress.She was dressed in bright red by her mother.She dressed her son as a little girl.56wear sth. 佩帶，穿 wear a coat/a watch wear a ring/sunglasses wear gloves57bright adj. 明/鮮亮的，輝煌的 bright yellow : 明黃色 bright future stockin

34、g n. （女式）長(zhǎng)襪sock 短襪 a girl of seventeen of 引入名詞的后置修飾成分，例： a coat of bright colour 58Key structures : have 的用法 1. 完成時(shí)(助動(dòng)詞)： have / had done 2. 必須（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）：have (got) to = must 3. 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)（助動(dòng)詞）：must have done 4. 擁有：have (got) own/possess 5. 得?。篒 have (got) a headache. 6. 固定詞組： have a bath / have a rest have

35、 a biscuit / dinner have a good time / have a holiday 7. have sth. done（使動(dòng)詞） He had this desk repaired yesterday. I want to have my hair cut.59 我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演員，她至少也有35歲了。盡管如此，她卻常在舞臺(tái)上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要參加一個(gè)新劇的演出。這一次，她將扮演一個(gè)17歲的少女。演出時(shí)她必須穿一條鮮紅色的裙子和黑色的長(zhǎng)筒襪。去年在演另一個(gè)劇時(shí)，她不得不穿短襪和一件鮮艷的橘紅色的衣服。一旦有人問(wèn)起她有多大年紀(jì)，她總是回答：“親愛(ài)的，長(zhǎng)成大人真

36、可怕??！”Key to exerciseP78 C1 You must/will have to see a doctor.2 Must you/Do you have to make so much noise?3 She said we must/had to/would have to stay here.4 I must/have to have some help.5 Ive had to go out last night.612難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案A1 in the position of 2 because 3 At the time whenB1 grow 2 suit 3 cost

37、ume 4 dress3多項(xiàng)選擇題答案1d 2b 3b 4d 5c 6c7b 8a 9a 10c 11a 12d （1） must 一般譯為“必須”，可以表示“必要”、“命令或強(qiáng)制”、“邀請(qǐng)”、“決心”、“不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多種含義。它沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱變化，通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。在其他時(shí)態(tài)中，must的有些含義可以由have to或have got to來(lái)補(bǔ)足。這3種形式一般可以互換，但彼此是有差別的。用于第一人稱時(shí)，have to和have got to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因，must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說(shuō)話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事：I have to look after the baby.我得照管這孩子。（因?yàn)榭陀^原因）I must see the boss.我必須見(jiàn)老板。（主觀要求）They must leave (tomorrow).他們（明天）必須出發(fā)。They had