1、初中英語(yǔ)中短暫性動(dòng)詞萬(wàn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法英語(yǔ)中，按動(dòng)詞延續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短，可將動(dòng)詞分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞。 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如learn, study, work, play, wait 等。短暫性動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng) 詞，即動(dòng)作一開始便結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞，又可稱結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞，如 come, go,begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend,get to know 等。一.短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中用法（一）：表示發(fā)生在過去，迄今已經(jīng)完成，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的動(dòng)作，常用e

2、ver, yet, already, just等狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可是短暫性動(dòng)詞。如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.（borrow是短是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）常與表示始于過去某一是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）常與表示始于過去某一是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）I have learned a little about Japanese. （learn現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中用法（二）：表示始于過去某時(shí)并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 時(shí)刻并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. （liveMr. B

3、lack has worked here since he came to China.(work是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）是延是延I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）所以，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中用法（二）中，在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的句子中，應(yīng)將 短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相同意義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。初中英語(yǔ)中常見的有：結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞go, leave, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get(得到)fall ill (asleep)finish, endbegin , startbegin to

4、learn (work ,readrain)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞be away (off), be out ofbe here , be in + 某地be in , be a (an) + n.havebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe out TOC o 1-5 h z go out.be upget up,keepborrow,knowget to know be deaddiebe lostdielose例如：His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)His grandfather

5、has been dead for ten years.(T)My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)My brother has been in the army for five years.(T)My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)He has gone away for a week.(F)He has been away for aweek.(T)The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)The film has been o

6、n for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暫性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式可以表示一種延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此 可以和表示一段的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：) Mrs. Smith hasnt left her hometown for twenty years.史密斯太太已有二十年沒有離開家鄉(xiāng)了。The little girl hasnt come to my home for a long time.這個(gè)小孩已有好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒來我家了。(3 ) I havent borrowed the books from the library for twomonths.我已有兩個(gè)月沒從這個(gè)圖書館借書了。二.在

7、 When, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句都可表示當(dāng)時(shí)，但也有區(qū)別。when可指一段時(shí)間，也可指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，既可表示短暫性，一時(shí)性的動(dòng)作，又可表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。由when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞。while只能表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，不能表示一時(shí)性或短暫性的 動(dòng)作，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。as所表示的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，具有延續(xù)的含義，一般同延 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。as和while 可譯為 邊 一邊”，正當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。例如：She came into the roo

8、m when (while, as) the meeting wasgoing on.(go on為延續(xù)，性動(dòng)詞詞語(yǔ))正當(dāng)開會(huì)的時(shí)候，他走進(jìn)了房間。(指一段時(shí)間)(2 ) When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.(come是短暫 性動(dòng)詞)她來的時(shí)候我會(huì)叫她等你的。(指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，不能用 while)I made many friends when (while) I lived in Beijing. (live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)我住在北京時(shí)交了許多朋友。(指一段時(shí)間)(4 ) While ( As) Helen was reading ,

9、Jack was writing.(read是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)海倫閱讀時(shí)，杰克在寫東西。(指一段時(shí)間)三。(not) .till / until句式中短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。till 和until這兩個(gè)詞的意思都是直到,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示一端時(shí)間的 狀語(yǔ)，其后的介詞賓語(yǔ)或從句表明這段時(shí)間的終點(diǎn)，用法相近，但在句首只能用 until o在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；正在否定句中，until或till可以和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，這時(shí)，until和before 同義，not.until 和not.before 意思相同，表示直到.才，”在.以前不。例如：(1 ) My father kept workin

10、g in the office till (until) twelve oclock last night.我父親昨晚在辦公室一直工作到十二點(diǎn)。I waited there till (until) noon yesterday.我昨天在那兒一直等到中午。She stood there till (until) he had passed out of sight. (stand為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)她站在那里看著，直到望不見他的身影He didnt go into the room until I returned.(go into暫性動(dòng)詞）直到我回來他才進(jìn)入房間。Until （ 不用 till）h

11、e had finished their homework, they didnt go home.他們直到工作完成了才回家。（go home是短暫性動(dòng)詞） We can not leave school until （till） Saturday.（leave是短暫性動(dòng)詞）我們到周六才可離校。） I didnt finish reading that story till （until） yesterday.我直到昨天才看完那個(gè)故事。（finish是短暫性動(dòng)詞）另外，有些動(dòng)詞。既可用作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用作非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因 此，其肯定式和否定式均與until或till連用，但表示的意義往往不同

12、。例如：He ate until it was dark.他吃飯一直吃到天黑。（eat為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）He didnt eat until it was dark.他直到天黑才吃飯。（eat為短暫性動(dòng)詞）四。在可以用How long提問表示一段時(shí)間的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作通常使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：(1 ) -How ling will the meeting last? The meeting will last two hours.How long can I keep the book? You can keep thebook for two weeks.How long has she studied