1、研究生綜合英語篇一：研究生綜合英語1修訂版課文原文Unitl An Image or a Mirage? Thereis a distinct difference between a winning image and a mirage. A mirage is an illusion,and in your quest for a winning image, you must be capableof identifyingsuch mirages. One of the commonmisread images stems fromwhat people think about eye

2、 contact. Howmanytimes have you heard, “You can tell he s an honest man because he looks you straight in the eye.Evidently, manypeople must believe that a dishonest manfeels so ashamed that he s not telling the truth that he can t even face them directly. But what about an honest individual who is t

3、oo shy to look straight at you? Furthermore, a good can artist knows that manypeople judge integrity by the way one looks at them,so he deliberately includes eye contact in his act. Because you can t count on eye contact as an infallible test, you should never use it to evaluate another person s hon

4、esty. Nonetheless, since most people do judge others by this criterion, be sure that you always look them squarely in the eye. Evaluating a man s honesty by the way he looks at you makes no more sense than judging his integrity by the way your dog or cat reacts to him. Yet how many times have you he

5、ard a dog s master say, That s interesting - Thor doesn t take to strangers very often. He s a good judge of human nature, and the fact that hes friendly with you tells me some good things about you. Once when Iwas in the home of a m prospect, his cat, Tiger, took such a liking to me that he sat on

6、my shoulder during my entire sales presentation. When I was finished, my prospect s wife said, Mr. Shook, Tiger only does that with membersof our immediate family. You must be a very honest person for her to be so friendly to you. The truth of the matter was that I refrained from pushing the cat off

7、 because I was afraid she d rip my suit or scratch myeyes out. However, I replied,“Yes, ma am, Tiger obviouslyhas some kind of instinct that enables her to accurately judge humans.She sure is a good judge of character. Even though Tiger happened to be right in my case, I personally put very little f

8、aith in an animals instinctual ability to judge people. I d say his reactions have moreto do with odors and body movement. Some people judge another person by the way he or she shakes hands. A good, strong grip represents character, while a “dead fish handshake! is a bad sign. 1, too, dislike the fl

9、abby handshake with no life to it, but I am careful not m to use it as a basis for judging an individual. Again, it s too easy for a con artist to put a hearty handshake into his act. Though you should give a firm handshake so you ll immediately create a goodimpression,don t place too muchweight on

10、the next fellow s grip; it doesn t tell you anything concrete about him. There s certain clean-cut appearance that creates an honest image. For example, a blond, blue-eyed young man with a boyish grin and a look that typifies the boy-next-door, All-American type will almost always inspire confidence

11、 in mothers. There is no logical reason for placing such blind faith in a man simply because of the way he looks, yet most people do make such quick judgments. Conversely, the seedy man with dark oily skin, greasy black hair, and a moustache is not considered honest-looking. Similarly, a womanmay ha

12、ve them looks which are usually associated with those of a streetwalker, whereas a high-priced call girl maylook refined and refreshing. Naturally, clothes and in the case of women cosmetics, have a great deal to do with such aforementioned appearances, but unfortunately a person s mnatural looks, o

13、ver which he or she has little control, play an important part in the judgments most people will make.I pity the hard-working, honest salesman who was born with the looks that make people automaticall y think,“He s not the kind of man I d wantto buy a use d car from! ” On the other hand, a very devi

14、ous individual may look like the type you can trust.How can you be sure that the hitchhiker who looks so clean-cut is any less dangerous than the one who, because of his appearance, looks like a risk? And how can you be sure that this one really is a risk? The point is that we are most often being c

15、ompletely ueasonable in making such snap decisions. On a larger scale, voters often react favorably to a politician simply because of his clean-cut appearance. His opponent is often judged negatively because he has not been blessed with natural looks that generate trust. This kind of judgment is err

16、oneous, and the consequences can produce devastating results. Granted, many people vote for a candidate strictly because of political issues, but the clean-cut image can tip the scales in favor of the wrong man in a close election. We make snap judgments about people on the basis of how they express

17、 themselves. To revert to politics, many voters judge a candidate s ability by the way he makes a public speech. But though a candidate maybe an effective speaker, he may not be capable of doing the job for which he is running. I know many highly talented men who simply have not developed an ability

18、 to speak well in public, but who are excellent in communicating with others on a one-to-one basis. The ability to express yourself strongly is always important, but we are too often wrongly impressed by the man who comes across as eloquent, since it is always possible thatthis virtue is only “skin

19、-deep. Yet it is easy to imagine a politician with a clean-cut look and a magnetic speaking voice romping all over his unassuming but better qualified opponent. He wins solely because his image is convincing.After many years of interviewingand hiring salesmen, I have reached the conclusion that the

20、man with the glib tongue doesn t necessarily become the top producer. Though there is a definite advantage in having a “natural selling personalit y, more often than not the salesman with good working habits, proper motivation, and commitment is the one who becomes the best in his company. Too often

21、, the sales manager who hires salesmen simply because of their extroverted and flamboyant personalities will have a high turnover. Another influencing factor is the effect produced on the listener by the soundof a name. At sometime or another, weve all been guilty of hastily formingan unwarranted op

22、inion when we hear a “winning name as opposed to a “l(fā)osing one. Hollywood recognized this fact long ago when the studios began changing the stars real names. One of my favorite movie lines is James Bond s response to Pussy Galore , the heroine in the movie Goldfinger. Meeting her for the first time,

23、 he can only exclaim, “I must be dreaming!” Hadher namebeen Harriett Finkelstein, the audience would never have been able to appreciate one of the screen s all-time great names! Yet, no matter how great a name is, using it as a criterion in evaluating character is just as illogical as determining a

24、person s value by a handshake. The beautiful, sexy redhead isn t always the best bed partner, nor is the big, strong man, whomwe usually expect to be the hero, always braver than the small, frail man on the battlefield. Likewise, there is no sound reason for believing that the out-of-town attorney o

25、r consultant is any more of an expert than the local man.Just becauseyourdentist has to book you six months in advance does not automaticallymeanthat he does the best root-canal work. Nor will the insurance agent who drives a Mercedes necessarily give you better service than the agent who drives a F

26、ord sedan. Having to go through a main switchboard, a receptionist, and a private secretary before you get to speak with your attorney is no indication of his legal abilities. I also hope you dont withdraw all your savings from Fourth Bank and deposit them with Third Bank just because their newhomeo

27、ffice building is several stories taller. It is equally ueasonable to assumethat a hospital-clean restaurant serves the best food. True, all these factors are nice window dressing, and they shouldn t be completely ignored, but other more important factors must be considered before you make any final

28、 decisions about those with whom you ll do business. Many images are only mirages that we have been conditioned to accept as the real thing. So don t be fooled the next time somebodytells you that TrumanBlue is a great guy because of his wonderful smile, the way he looks people straight in the eye w

29、hen he talks to them, his firm handshake, and his remarkable rapport with pets!Phrases and Expressions in quest for: trying to find; seeking what about: what do you think about (sth.) stem from: arise from; have as its origin or cause take to: start to like count on: rely on with confidence take a l

30、iking to: be fond of have to do with sb. (sth.): be connected with or related to sb.(sth.) tip the scales: give a slight advantage to sb. or sth. be blessed with sb. (sth.): be fortunate in having sb. (sth.) revert to: talk about again; go back to (a former subject of conversation) come across: make

31、 an impression of the specified type more often than not: very frequently as opposed to: in contrast to Unit2 Is Love an Art? Is love an art? Thenit requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experience is a matter of chance, something one“falls into “ if oneis lucky? T

32、his littlebook is based on the former premise, whileundoubtedly the majority of people today believe in the latter. Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy s

33、ongs about love yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love.This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combined tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of being loved, rather than that of loving,

34、 of one s capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of one s position permits. Another, used especiall

35、y by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating one s body, dress, etc. Other waysof making oneself attractive, used both by men and women,are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Manyof the ways to makeoneself lovable are the sameas th

36、ose used to makeoneself successful, “to win friends and influence people. ” As a ED matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal. A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned abo

37、ut love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an object, not the problem of a faculty. People think that to love is simple, but that to find the right object to love or to be loved is difficult. This attitudehas severalreasons rooted in thedevelopment of modern society. One re

38、ason is the great change which occurred in the twentieth century with respect to th e choice of a“l(fā)oveobject. In the Victorian age, as in manytraditional cultures, love was mostly not a spontaneous personal experience which then might lead to marriage. On the contrary, marriage was contracted by con

39、vention either by the respective families, or by a marriage broker, or without the help of such intermediaries; it was concluded on the basis of social considerations, and love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded. In the last few generations the concept of romantic love has

40、become almost universal in the Western world. In the United篇二：研究生綜合英語 1（翻譯 + 答案）Unit OneAnImage or a Mirage III. Vocabulary A. 1. unassuming 2. stemmedfrom 3. infallible 4. had taken to 5. prospect 6. flabby 7. More often than not8.devious 9. tipped the scales in her favorlO. rapport B. 1. instinctu

41、al 2.immediate 3. deposit 4. frail 5.seedy 6. magnetic7. extroverted 8. book 9. unwarranted 10. refined C. 1. D 2.C3. B 4. A5. A 6. C 7. C8.B 9. D10.B IV. Cloze= 1. which 2. run3.concerned 4. familiar 5. evident 6. even 7.what 8.Consequently 9 knowing10.By 11. one 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15.

42、 yourself 16.mind17. from 18. never 19. pays20. considered V. Translation A.從更大的范圍上講，選民們往往僅因為某個政客的外表整潔清秀而對他做出有利的反應。他的對手則因為沒有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的評價。這種判斷是錯誤的，其后果可能是災難性的。就算許多選民投一位候選人的票完全是 出于政治原因，但本不該當選的人，如果他有整潔清秀的形象，就會使他在勢均 力敵的選舉中占有優(yōu)勢。我們常常根據(jù)一個人的表達能力而做出輕率的判斷。再回到政治這一話題上 來，許多選民僅僅根據(jù)候選人公開演講的方式就對他的 能力做出判斷。然而，

43、一個候選人可能非常善于演說，但并不一定能勝任他所競 選的職位。我認識許多才能杰出的人物，他們只是沒有培養(yǎng)自己在公開場合演講 的能力，但在與別人一對一的交流中卻表現(xiàn)極為出色。這種能充分表達自己見解的能力，固然十分重要，但我們對于那些讓人感覺善于辭令的人，往往產(chǎn)生錯誤的印象，因為很多情況下這種優(yōu)點僅僅只是“表面現(xiàn)象”。不難想象，一位外表整潔清秀、講話娓娓動聽的政治家會輕而易舉地戰(zhàn)勝一位不事張揚但更為合格的 對手。他之所以取勝僅僅是因為他的形象令人信服。B. If you want a winningimage with others, your first concern must be a wi

44、nning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never beable to project awinning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him torelate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers

45、 have stated, “You are what you think you are. It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression inothers. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life,

46、 and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image.Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by n

47、othing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you?re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of messagewill sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis

48、 for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desiredresults can be achieved. Translation of Text 形象還是表象？羅伯特？ L ? 舒克成功的形象與表象之間有明顯的區(qū)別。表象是虛假的現(xiàn)象，要想尋求成功 的形象，你必須能夠識別這些表象。有一種形象常被誤解，其根源在于人們對目光接觸的看法。你不知多少次聽到有人說：“他直視你的眼睛，一定是個老實人”。顯然，許多人一定認為，不老實的人因說謊而感到慚愧，甚至

49、不能面對他 人。但假如老實人因羞怯而不敢直視你呢？況且，騙人的老手知道，許多人根據(jù)某人打量他們的方式判斷其人品，因此他會故意將目光接觸納入其行為之中。既然你不能依靠目光接觸做出靈驗的判斷，就不該用此法評價他人是否誠實。然而， 既然大多數(shù)人的確憑此標準判斷他人，你務必要經(jīng)常直視他們的眼睛。根據(jù)一個人打量你的方式評價其誠信并不比根據(jù)你的貓或狗對其做出的反應判斷其人品更合乎情理。然而，你不知多少次聽到狗的主人說：“真有趣 一一索爾不常 喜歡陌生人。他判斷人性很在行，他對你友好使我知道你身上有某些優(yōu)點?！庇?一次，我來到一位可能成為我客戶的人的家中，他的貓“虎仔”對我如此歡喜， 竟在我推銷產(chǎn)品的整個過

50、程中趴在我的肩上。我推銷完畢之后，那人的妻子說道：“舒克先生，虎仔只對我們自家人才會這樣。你一定為人忠厚，它才對你這股友 好?！逼鋵嵁敃r我沒把那只貓推開是因為擔心她會撕破我的衣服或抓出我的眼 珠。但我卻回答道：“是呀，夫人，虎仔顯然具有某種能使她能準確判斷人性的 本能。它的確善于判斷人品?！彪m然虎仔碰巧正確地判斷了我的實情，但我個人卻不太相信動物具有判斷人類的本能。依我看，動物對人的反應更多與體味和 身體動作有關。有些人根據(jù)他人握手的方式判斷其人。得體而有力度的握手姿勢體現(xiàn)人的個性，而“死魚”般冷淡無力則不是好兆。 我也不喜歡毫無生氣、缺 乏力度的握手姿勢，但卻格外小心，并不以此作為判斷人的基

51、準。再說，騙人的 老手會輕而易舉做出熱情握手之態(tài)。盡管握手之時你應該用力，以便即刻樹立一 個良好印象，然而下次有人緊握你手之時，可別太當真；這并不能告訴你關于他 的具體情況。 某種整潔清秀的外表會樹立誠實的形象。譬如，金發(fā)碧眼的年輕人，面帶稚笑，長相是鄰家男孩那種類型，這種典型的美國人的形象幾乎總能激 起別人的信賴。僅因外表而盲目相信一個人是不合乎邏輯的。 然而，大多數(shù)人的 確如此草率地做出判斷。相反，皮膚油黑、黑發(fā)油膩、蓄小胡子的遴遢男人不會 被人認為其面相誠實。同樣，某個女人的長相可能會使人聯(lián)想到街頭妓女的模樣， 而開價很高的應召女郎可能也會看似嫻靜清新。自然，衣著和（對女性而言的） 化裝

52、品與以上所談的外表問題有很大關系。 但不幸的是，不為人所控制的、與生 俱來的外貌在大多數(shù)人的判斷中起著重要的作用。我很同情勤奮老實的推銷員， 其天生的那幅模樣使人不由自主地想到：“他那種人的二手車我可不想買！ ”另 一方面，一個非常陰險的人也許貌似你可信賴的那種人。 你怎能肯定一個看似整 潔清秀的搭車人不及一個（因為其長相而）貌似危險人物的搭車人危險呢？你怎 能肯定此人就一定是個危險人物呢？問題就在于我們往往毫無道理地做出如此 草率的決定。 從更大的范圍上講，選民們經(jīng)常僅因某個政客的外表整潔清秀而 對他做出有利的反應。其對手則因沒有生就一副令人信任的外表而經(jīng)常遭到否定 的評價。這種判斷是錯誤的

53、，其后果可能是災難性的。誠然，許多選民投某位候 選人的票完全是出于政治原因，但在勢均力敵的選舉中，不該當選的人會因其整 潔清秀的形象而占有優(yōu)勢。我們往往根據(jù)表達能力對人們做出輕率的判斷。再回到政治話題上來，許多選民往往根據(jù)某候選人公開演講的方式判斷其能力。然而，某候選人可能演講很精彩，但卻未必勝任其所競選之職。我認識許多才能杰 出的人物，他們只是沒有培養(yǎng)公開演講的能力，但在與他人一對一的交流中卻表 現(xiàn)極為出色。充分表達己解的能力固然重要，但我們對于讓人感覺能言善辯的人 卻往往產(chǎn)生錯誤的印象，因為這個優(yōu)點可能往往只是“表面現(xiàn)象”。 然而，不難 想象，一位外表整潔清秀、講話娓娓動聽的政治家會輕而易

54、舉地戰(zhàn)勝一位不事張 揚但更為合格的對手。他之所以取勝僅僅是因為其形象令人信服。經(jīng)過多年面試和聘用銷售人員之后，我得出這樣的結(jié)論：汕嘴滑舌的人未必會成為一流的生 產(chǎn)者?！疤焐本蜁錾獾娜斯倘挥幸欢ǖ膬?yōu)勢，但很多時候，具有良好的工 作習慣、正當動機以及奉獻精神的那種推銷員才是公司里最出色的人才。通常， 銷售經(jīng)理如果聘用性格外向且張揚的銷售人員，就會有很高的人員調(diào)整率。另一個影響形象的因素就是姓名的聽覺效果對聽者產(chǎn)生的效應。我們聽到一個相對“難聽”而言的“動聽名字”時，經(jīng)常匆匆產(chǎn)生不合情理的看法并一直為此深感 內(nèi)疚。好萊塢制片廠很久以前就意識到這個事實并開始改變影星們的真實姓名。我最喜歡的一句臺

55、詞，就是電影金手指中詹姆斯？邦彳惠對女主角Pussy Galore 的應答。初次遇見她時，他情不自禁地驚嘆道：“我一定是在做夢吧！” 假如 她的名字是Harriet Finkelstein ,恐怕觀眾將永遠欣賞不到銀幕上最叫座的這 樣一個名字！然而，不管一個人的名字多么了不起，以此為標準去評價人的個性 如同根據(jù)握手方式判斷人的價值一樣不合乎邏輯。漂亮性感的紅發(fā)女郎不非總是床第之歡的最佳搭檔，高大健壯的男人也未必如此。然而，我們往往認為這種 男人個個都是英雄，總比那些弱小的男人在戰(zhàn)場上更加勇猛。同樣，認為外地律 師或顧問比本地的更老練亦非完全合理。只因你的牙醫(yī)提前半年才與你預約，未必表明其最擅長

56、口腔業(yè)務。開梅賽德斯轎車的保險代理人提供給你的服務并不比 開福特轎車的保險代理人更加周全。與你的律師通話之前，先通過總機，再通過 接待員，然后通過私人秘書，并不能說明這個律師打官司的能力。我還希望你們不要因為第三銀行新建的總部辦公大樓比第四銀行高出幾層，就把存款從第四銀行轉(zhuǎn)入第三銀行。認為清潔衛(wèi)生的餐館有美味佳肴也同樣沒有道理。確實，所有這些因素都是漂亮的門面裝飾，不能完全忽視。不過，在你最終決定究竟應該與 誰做生意之前，必須考慮其它一些更為重要的因素。許多形象只不過是表面現(xiàn)象，而我們習慣上卻把它們當成真實的情況去接受。因此，下次有人對你說：杜 魯門？布魯是個了不起的家伙，因為他笑容可掬，與人

57、交談時直視對方眼睛，和 人握手時很有力度，而且對寵物極有感情，你可不要上當受騙噢！(雍毅 譯)Additional Work I. Idiom Studies 1. free 2. brave 3. cunning 4. brown 5.blind 6. good 7. strong 8. fit (fine) 9. quick 10 sure 11. straight 12.cold 13. pale 14. sound(clear) 15. fat16. sour 17. smooth(soft) 18. clean 19.obstinate (stubborn) 20. sweet II

58、. Vocabulary Expansion 1. C 2. B 3.D 4. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 5. C 10.C Translation of Further Reading成功孕育成功羅伯特？ L ? 舒克常言道，一事成功百事順。人們喜歡與成功人 士打交道。原因何在？因為成功人士定有其成功的原因，其中最明顯的原因是他擅長所做之事。如果可以選擇的話，人們總想與佼佼者打交道。自然，樹立成功者形象的最佳途徑是工作出色。你的表現(xiàn)以及由此贏得的聲譽，會讓公眾了解 你何等優(yōu)秀。人們根據(jù)你以往的業(yè)績或者僅憑觀察你的行動便會了解這一點。某人是否職業(yè)網(wǎng)球手，只要看他在球場上打球便

59、一目了然。你對本職工作是否在行， 人們看你做事同樣也會一目了然。但許多其它形象樹立技巧也可用來樹立成功者 的形象，這些技巧將在本章討論。此處我們不談樹立形象的炫耀之法，如開豪華轎車、買負擔不起的房屋、超預算入鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部等。下面所談的成功形象樹立 技巧巧妙而又低調(diào)。每個人都喜歡與獲勝的成功人士打交道，我想對此大家都會贊同。成功人士越是成功，其事業(yè)就越發(fā)達，因為成功確實孕育成功。最近我 去看牙醫(yī)的經(jīng)歷就能很好地說明這一點。那天，接受半年一次的口腔檢查之后， 我正準備離開診所，接待員問我 6月23日是否有空再來做一次檢查。我很驚訝 地問道：”為什么要下個月呢？我想我剛收到一份一切正常的檢查報告，我沒

60、有必要再過半年來做檢查?！?她笑著說道：“舒克先生，我指的不是下個月。我 們的預約已全部排滿到明年6月?！蔽荫R上答道：”這樣的話，最好把我登記 上，因為如果現(xiàn)在不和你把日期確定下來，我可能等的時間更長！” 得知牙醫(yī) 的日程已提前13個月預先排滿，我深有感觸。他門診興隆使我深信不疑自己一 定遇到了全市最好的牙醫(yī)。 幾年前另一次看牙醫(yī)的經(jīng)歷卻沒有使我同樣深信不 疑。我打電話預約時，他告訴我說次日上午9點可以見我。由于我沒法安排那個 時間，他同意11點和我會面?？墒?，當我查看了自己的日程安排后，發(fā)現(xiàn)那個 時間也沒法安排。最后，他同意 11點見我。我對那次交談的即刻反映是那個可 憐的家伙當天9點到12