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1、CET4/CET6 王 林 樂山師范學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 英語(yǔ)系、翻譯系1985年教育部批準(zhǔn)1986年末開始籌備大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試1987年9月開始實(shí)施,經(jīng)歷了二十多年的實(shí)踐和發(fā)展,在一定程度上促進(jìn)了我國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的發(fā)展1999年5月起在部分院校逐步實(shí)施大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試2005年1月起,成績(jī)滿分為710分,凡考試成績(jī)?cè)?20分以上的考生,由國(guó)家教育部委托“全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)”發(fā)給成績(jī)單;達(dá)到425分以上方可報(bào)名參加大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試2005年6月考試起,四、六級(jí)考試成績(jī)采用滿分為 710 分的計(jì)分體制,不設(shè)及格線2006年1月開始,從參加大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革試點(diǎn)學(xué)生中試行改革后的四級(jí)考

2、試2006年6月開始以同等方式試行新的六級(jí)考試,初步定于 2007年1月全面實(shí)施改革后的四級(jí)考試。2012年12月起,多省份開始啟用同一考場(chǎng)內(nèi)的“多卷多題”模式,即在同一考場(chǎng)內(nèi)使用多套試卷,這不同于以往采用同一套試題,僅通過(guò)變化題目順序?qū)崿F(xiàn)多卷的方式。2007年6月全面實(shí)施改革后的六級(jí)考試。六級(jí)考試網(wǎng)上閱卷( CET-Online Marking ),研究計(jì)算機(jī)化四、六級(jí)考試( CET-CBT )2008年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試又進(jìn)行了考試方式的改革,在50所院校試點(diǎn)實(shí)施機(jī)考。全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試委員會(huì)開展了CET計(jì)算機(jī)化考試的研究,使CET考試更具科學(xué)化和現(xiàn)代化。同時(shí),充分利用高科技手段,完善考

3、務(wù)管理系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了四 、六級(jí)考試網(wǎng)上閱卷。CET4題型及考試流程時(shí)間流程表 8:50-9:00試音時(shí)間 9:00-9:10播放考場(chǎng)指令,發(fā)放作文考卷 9:10 作文(9:10- 9:40) 9:35 發(fā)放含有快速閱讀的試題冊(cè) 快速閱讀(9:40- 9:55 ) 9:55-10:00 收答題卡一 10:00-11:20 所有題目在答題卡二上作答 聽力(10:00-10:35) 仔細(xì)閱讀理解(10:35-11:00) 完形填空(11:00-11:15) 翻譯(11:15-11:20)收答題卡二你知道四級(jí)的答題順序嗎?作文完型填空翻譯聽力快速閱讀選詞填空傳統(tǒng)閱讀在答題紙1上作答, 完成后交答題紙1.

4、剩下題目在答卡2上作答.注意1: 改變傳統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)考試先做聽力,再做閱 讀,最后寫作文的習(xí)慣。一進(jìn)考場(chǎng)就集中注意力寫作文。等試題冊(cè)發(fā)下來(lái)后,抓緊時(shí)間做快速閱讀。交了答題卡1后,準(zhǔn)備做聽力。 作文在答題紙1上,其他題目在試題冊(cè)上。 作文和快速閱讀在答題紙1上作答,完成后交答題紙1。剩下題目在答卡2上作答。你知道四級(jí)的答題時(shí)間嗎?作文(30)完型填空(15)翻譯(5)聽力(35)快速閱讀(15)選詞填空傳統(tǒng)閱讀在答題紙1上作答, 完成后交答題紙1.剩下題目在答卡2上作答.25125分鐘注意2:因?yàn)榇痤}紙1要提前交,所以一定要抓緊時(shí)間做作文和快速閱讀,必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi) 完成。做完聽力后,剩下45分鐘時(shí)

5、間,要完成的 題目有:選詞填空,兩篇閱讀文章,完型填空,翻譯。時(shí)間短,題量大,一定要注意時(shí)間的分配。你知道四級(jí)的分值分布嗎?710分 聽力(35%)248.5分閱讀(35%)248.5分完型(10%)71分寫作和翻譯(20%)142分注意3: 聽力和閱讀占70%。所以四級(jí)考試的成績(jī)主要由聽力和閱讀能力決定。 選詞填空和傳統(tǒng)閱讀占25%,完型填空占10%。翻譯占5%。完型比較難,翻譯分值少,建議不要在這兩個(gè)題目上花太多時(shí)間。寫作部分英語(yǔ)作文連詞經(jīng)典匯總 (一) 段落開頭常用詞語(yǔ)As far as. is concerned 就而言,就而論 in my opinion 在我看來(lái)As the pro

6、verb/saying goes 有句諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)道What calls for special attention is that. 值得引起特別注意的是(二)表示舉例常用詞語(yǔ)for instance 例如 for example 例如 take as an example 以為例An interesting example is that. 一個(gè)有趣的例子是As is shown by the case of. 正如同的例子說(shuō)明(三)表對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折conversely 相反的是 to the contrary/on the contrary 恰恰相反similarly 與之相似地, whereas

7、. 可是while ; however , ; nevertheless; although ; but (although和but 不能連用); although, yet(although 和 yet 可以連用) (四)表因果Consequently,. 所以,結(jié)果, Accordingly 因此 Hence; therefore; thus; for this reason; so Due to / because of 由于 Owing to. 因?yàn)?Thanks to. 因?yàn)槎嗵漧ead to 導(dǎo)致 lie in 在于 consist in 以某事物為其主要的或唯一的因素或特點(diǎn); 存

8、在於某事物之中(五)表遞進(jìn)和補(bǔ)充Moreover, furthermore 還有 in addition 另外whats more 另外 besides 除此之外,還有 as well 也,又 (六)表強(qiáng)調(diào)more importantly, 更重要的是 undoubtedly 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)without a doubt/there is no boubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)(七)表結(jié)論To make (cut) a long story short,. 簡(jiǎn)而言之Therefore,we have every reason to believe that. 所以我們有理由相信To sum up,. 總之 To

9、 summarize, 總之 To recapitulate, 總之in conlusion ; in summation;in a word; in short; in brief; all in all 總之英語(yǔ)作文連接句型經(jīng)典匯總1.表示原因1)The reasons for this are as follows.2)The reason for this is not far to seek.2.表示好處1)It has the following advantages.2)It is beneficial to us. 3)It is of great benefit to us.

10、3.表示壞處1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us. 4.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb. to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life. 5.表示措施1)We should try our best

11、 to overcome(conquer)the difficulties. 2)We should do our utmost in doing sth. 3)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.6.表示變化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2)A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications7.表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀 1)We cannot

12、 ignore the fact that. 2)No one can deny the fact that. 3)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 8.表示比較1)Compared with A,B. 2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 3)There is a striking contrast between them.9.表示看法People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth. 10.

13、表先后順序1) First/firstly; second/secondly; third/thirdly2) In the first place, in the second place3) On the one hand, on the other hand 一方面,另一方面英語(yǔ)作文常用句子(一)段首句1. 俗話說(shuō)(常言道),它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。There is an old saying_. It is the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases ev

14、en today. 2. 現(xiàn)在,它們給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多危害。首先,;其次,。更為糟糕的是。Today/Nowadays, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ Second, _. What makes things worse is that_.3. 已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題,特別是在年青人當(dāng)中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。_ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are rig

15、ht on their way. 4. 在我們的日常生活中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用,它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。 _ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.I. 用于文章主題句= It is obvious that子句= Obviously, S. + V.例不用說(shuō)早睡早起是值得的。It goes with

16、out saying that it pays to keep early hours.6. 無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò) cannot be overemphasized例交通安全的重要性無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7.(A)就我的看法;我認(rèn)為In my opinion, = To my mind, . = As far as I am concerned, = I am of the opinion that子句(B) 就我所知As far as my knowledge is conce

17、rned, 根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn) According to my personal experience, = Based on my personal experience, 8. (A) 在這信息的年代扮演重要的角色。In the age/era of information and communication, plays an important role.(B) 在今日工業(yè)社會(huì)中是生命不可或缺的。In todays industrial society, is indispensable to life.9. 世上沒有什么比更令我高興。Nothing in the world can de

18、light me so much as 例世上沒有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.(二)中間段落句10. 相反,有一些人贊成,他們相信,而且,他們認(rèn)為。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of _.At the same time,they say_.11. 但是,我認(rèn)為這不是解決的好方法,比如。最糟糕的是。But I dont think it is a

19、very good way to solve _.For example,_.Worst of all,_.12. 對(duì)我們國(guó)家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,。而且,最重要的是 _is necessary and important to our countries development and construction. First,_.Whats more, _. Most important of all, _.13. 面臨,我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來(lái)。一方面,另一方面,Confronted with_,we should take a series of

20、effective measures to_. For one thing,_For another,_II. 用于文章承轉(zhuǎn)句14. 那就是(說(shuō));亦即That is to say, = That is, = Namely, 例我們生活需有規(guī)律。也就是說(shuō)早睡早起戒除煙酒。We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.15. (A) 基于這個(gè)理由 For this reason, (B) 為了

21、這個(gè)目的 For this purpose, 16. 然而很可惜的是However, it is a pity that子句例然而很可惜的是他總是臨時(shí)抱佛腳。However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.17. 別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)但我不是。我認(rèn)為It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that子句18. 這樣說(shuō)來(lái)假如.當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地。In this light, if, there can surely be no dou

22、bt (that) 子句例這樣說(shuō)來(lái)假如我們能善用時(shí)間當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地我們會(huì)成功。In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.19. 更嚴(yán)重的是。What is more serious is (that)子句例更嚴(yán)重的是我們不珍惜野生動(dòng)物。What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.(三) 結(jié)尾句20. In conclusion, I believe tha

23、t _. We can _only if _, just as a proverb says_.21. As a popular saying goes, _. In my opinion, what really counts is not _, but _. I believe that as long as _, we will _. So I am of the opinion that _.22.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that _.23.All in

24、 all, we cannot live without _. But at the same time, we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.III. 用于文章結(jié)論句24.唯有符合此三項(xiàng)要求我們才能。Only by living up to the three requirements, can we .25. 這證據(jù)顯示的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。This evidence shows that the importance of cannot be overemphasiz

25、ed.例這證據(jù)顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.26. 如果我們能做到如上所述毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地。If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)子句例如果我們能做到如上所述毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地我們就能精通英語(yǔ)。If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master Englis

26、h.27. 因此由上列的討論我們可以明了。We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that)子句例因此由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任何困難。We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.聽力部分聽力選擇題第一:小對(duì)話:視聽反向原則、同義替換原則。Eg. 2006年6月四級(jí)考試第9題A. Helen is talkative B. Helen is activ

27、e C. Helen is sociable D. Helen is quite原文:M:Weve got three women researchers in our group, Mary, Betty and Helen. Do you know them?W: Sure, Mary is active and sociable. Betty is the most talkative woman Ive ever met. But guess what? Helen is just the opposite.Q: what do we know from the conversatio

28、n?A. The woman does her own houseworkB. The woman needs a housekeeperC. The womans house is in a messD. The woman works as a housekeeper原文:M: Are you telling me that you dont have a housekeeper?W: No, we dont. if you make a mess, you clean up yourself.2008年12月四級(jí)考試第17題A) She wants to get some sleep.

29、B) She needs time to write a paper.C) She has a literature class to attend. D) She is troubled by her sleep problem.原文:M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?W: Id love to, but Im exhausted.(疲憊) I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.Q: Why does the woman decline t

30、he mans invitation?第二:長(zhǎng)對(duì)話和短文聽力:視聽基本一致原則 視聽基本一致的含義是指,聽到的原文和看到的選項(xiàng)若基本一致,則選項(xiàng)容易為正確選擇。這一點(diǎn)和短對(duì)話的原則恰恰相反,一定注意。聽力多義詞匯Paper在聽力考題中,它最常見的含義是:論文。其次是報(bào)紙。相反,作為“紙”的原始含義很少見到。I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.Treat原始含義為對(duì)待,但是聽力中更喜歡考“請(qǐng)客”的含義。You treated me last weekend, now its my turn.Ja

31、m請(qǐng)注意,“果醬”不是重點(diǎn)含義,traffic jam (堵車)才是更常見的考點(diǎn)Charge1) 收費(fèi)。I have to charge you 150 pounds for one night.(2006年12月第1道長(zhǎng)對(duì)話原文)2) 負(fù)責(zé)。I am in charge of a team of 8 brokers(經(jīng)紀(jì)人). (2006年6月第1道長(zhǎng)對(duì)話原文)Like charges repel; unlike ones attract.Present“禮物”的含義早已不是考點(diǎn)。目前喜歡考及物動(dòng)詞“展示,表達(dá)和呈現(xiàn)”。另外,變成名詞presentation 之后,其含義為演講和展示,是一種

32、很常見的校園課程形式。Its goals were to educate, share ideas and present Indianas best products. (2007年12月第3篇聽力原文)Leteg:I have a room to let.expect原意“期待,期望”。Nobody expects you to be a superstar.沒有人指望你會(huì)成為超級(jí)明星。 引申意思為“等待,預(yù)期”。The lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.這個(gè)演講比我預(yù)期的要難懂多了。Mr. Smit

33、h is expecting you at 3 oclock.史密斯先生等待著你三點(diǎn)鐘到來(lái)。聽力特定句型建議請(qǐng)求否定的用法表建議If I were you, Ill We shouldWhy dont youHow aboutLetsMaybe youd betterPerhaps we canMaybe you should表請(qǐng)求Would /could you tell meI wonder if youIll be very appreciated if you否定表達(dá)包含否定含義的關(guān)鍵詞:副詞和形容詞:hardly/rarely/little/seldom/few /never代詞和連

34、詞: Nothing /nobody/neither/nor/ none前綴與后綴: im- / un-/dis-/non-/-less其它詞: fail、 miss、avoid、deny、refuse、doubt、far from、anything but、instead of、rather than 等注意:有的否定形式表肯定意義的結(jié)構(gòu)I couldnt agree with you any more=I agree with you completely.短文理解中心思想歸納題What can we learn from the passage?重要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題What the spea

35、ker say about.?正誤判斷題According to the passage, which of the following is true/not true?(注意文中Not 一詞)詞語(yǔ)釋義題(注意同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換)復(fù)合式聽寫單詞聽寫:名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式和-ed形式、形容詞、副詞句子聽寫:兩個(gè)稍長(zhǎng),一個(gè)稍短解題步驟瀏覽選項(xiàng),勾出重點(diǎn)信息預(yù)測(cè)情景做筆記(數(shù)字、人名、地點(diǎn))在沒有聽清楚的情況下,運(yùn)用小對(duì)話視聽反向原則、同義替換原則與長(zhǎng)對(duì)話和短文聽力:視聽基本一致原則如何練習(xí)?積累常用單詞和短語(yǔ)多聽多練 每天半小時(shí)閱讀部分英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解五類型題解題技巧解讀閱讀能力

36、的提高包括很多因素,文章可以分為段落,段落可以分為句子,句子可以分為單詞。所以提高閱讀能力,需要從微觀層面擴(kuò)大單詞量,提高句子理解力,從宏觀層面把握段落與文章的框架。而在考前短短的時(shí)間內(nèi),考生不可能從單詞到框架一步步提高閱讀能力了,那么應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?這得從了解閱讀考什么,怎么考開始。四級(jí)考試閱讀部分要求考生在35分鐘內(nèi),看完四篇文章,做完20個(gè)題目。其中,每篇文章大約有250350個(gè)單詞,后面附有5個(gè)題目。四級(jí)閱讀考查的題型主要是細(xì)節(jié)題,另外還會(huì)涉及態(tài)度題,主旨題,推理題,結(jié)論觀點(diǎn)題,詞匯題等。各類題型表現(xiàn)形式不同,考查重點(diǎn)各異,解題方法有別。1 細(xì)節(jié)題(1)、細(xì)節(jié)題表現(xiàn)形式 這類題在四級(jí)考試

37、中題量較大,占到60%70%的題量,可以說(shuō)是四級(jí)考試成敗的關(guān)鍵這類題特點(diǎn)是題干的信息比較具體,考查文章中的重要細(xì)節(jié)。如2005年1月份考題:“Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to”。本題通過(guò)“free play”,“some Japanese kindergartens”反映了原文考查對(duì)象,題干內(nèi)容比較具體,屬于細(xì)節(jié)分析。又如2005年6月份出現(xiàn)的題目:“What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out

38、to change his gloves? ”本題handball player 是中心話題,when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,這兩部分明確指定了考查的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,在原文中找答案十分方便。(2)、細(xì)節(jié)題解題方法細(xì)節(jié)題考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。由于考試時(shí)間非常緊張,對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō),做好細(xì)節(jié)題,首先是要在原文找到相關(guān)信息。正是由于這點(diǎn),我們看文章需要目的。有同學(xué)先看文章再做題,導(dǎo)致做題時(shí)還得回去在文章中尋找相關(guān)內(nèi)容,或者干脆憑著對(duì)文章的主觀印象匆忙求解,結(jié)果是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或者錯(cuò)誤較多。建議考生先看題干再看文章,這樣就會(huì)有方向感,目的感。所以,細(xì)節(jié)題的重要做題方法就是:先看題干,再看原文,帶著題干個(gè)別的特有信息

39、或者帶著題干的中心話題在原文定位。如“What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves? ”就可以結(jié)合handball player這個(gè)中心話題在原文找答案。四級(jí)細(xì)節(jié)題干有時(shí)會(huì)有比較明顯的信息,如時(shí)間數(shù)字,專有名詞,中心名詞。如2005年1月考題:What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Centers study?題干中Boston University Medical Center這個(gè)專有名詞可以讓考生迅

40、速找到考到的原文內(nèi)容。如果用題干信息在原文找答案沒有結(jié)果,可以根據(jù)題目的先后順序來(lái)確定大概范圍(除個(gè)別例外,四級(jí)細(xì)節(jié)題大體上還是按照出題的先后順序找答案的)。(3)、細(xì)節(jié)題注意點(diǎn)考生做細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí),要注意合理但不正確的選項(xiàng)。很多考生在做題時(shí),忽視了題目與原文的聯(lián)系,憑著合理性的主觀猜想選擇答案。結(jié)果很多考生感覺做得很好,但對(duì)答案時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)了很多。另外,很多表示程度、范圍、頻率等的副詞或形容詞可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,如2002年1月考題出現(xiàn)一個(gè)干擾選項(xiàng)是“keep in constant touch with the computer center”,其中的constant就是選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵。所以,細(xì)節(jié)題

41、要求考生非常細(xì)心。2、態(tài)度題(1)、態(tài)度題表現(xiàn)形式態(tài)度題一般提問(wèn)方式是:The authors attitude towards is _.或者是What is the authors attitude towards ?(2)、態(tài)度題解題方法從原則上來(lái)講,態(tài)度題可以考查作者對(duì)一個(gè)中心話題的看法,也可以考查作者對(duì)某一具體細(xì)節(jié)的態(tài)度,但是從歷年考法來(lái)看,四級(jí)閱讀更加注重考查文章中心話題。所以,態(tài)度題經(jīng)常可以通過(guò)文章主題來(lái)判斷作者的態(tài)度。(3)態(tài)度題注意點(diǎn)考生應(yīng)該熟練掌握在態(tài)度題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的單詞,如positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic, appro

42、ving, concerned, objective, compromise等。另外,從以前四級(jí)考試的情況來(lái)看,作者的態(tài)度一般是或褒或貶,或樂觀或擔(dān)憂,中性評(píng)價(jià)為正確答案的較少。3、主旨題1)、主旨題表現(xiàn)形式四級(jí)閱讀中,主旨題主要可以表現(xiàn)為“Whats the best title for this passage”;“What is the main idea of the passage”;“The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _”。當(dāng)然,這些提問(wèn)方式可以有很多微小的變化,比如問(wèn)“The passage is mainly a

43、bout_”等等。2)、主旨題解題方法從理論上來(lái)講,主旨題是四級(jí)各類題型中要求最高的,因?yàn)樗罂忌赐晡恼潞?,能?duì)文章的大概框架作一個(gè)宏觀把握,從而解答后面的題目。但是把握文章框架對(duì)很多考生來(lái)說(shuō),是不能做到的。慶幸的是,一般的四級(jí)文章,都可以找到文章主題句,或者是可以體現(xiàn)文章主題的句子或單詞。 文章主題一般在前兩段出現(xiàn),所以考生要比較關(guān)注前兩段結(jié)論性的語(yǔ)言。四級(jí)閱讀在全文首句出現(xiàn)文章主題的情況比較多見。另外,第一段轉(zhuǎn)折性的語(yǔ)言,通常也能體現(xiàn)作者的觀點(diǎn)偏好。(3)、主旨題注意點(diǎn)如果是考文章主題,那么正確答案一定具有概括性和結(jié)論性,細(xì)節(jié)性的選項(xiàng)肯定是錯(cuò)的。如2005年考題,What is the

44、 authors purpose in writing this article?A)To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.B)To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.C)To support the statement made by York Onnen.D)To show the most effective way to lose weight一看這四個(gè)選項(xiàng),就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)A和C里面包含十分具體信息“the Boston Universit

45、y Medical Center”和“York Onnen”,是利用原文中的具體話題,某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容而設(shè)計(jì)的干擾選項(xiàng)。值得注意的是很多干擾選項(xiàng)還以“以偏概全”的形式出現(xiàn)的,所以分析時(shí)要注意正確答案概括的全面性。而利用擴(kuò)大主題的范圍來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)干擾選項(xiàng)的方式,在四級(jí)中相對(duì)較少。為了說(shuō)明主題,為了論證,作者會(huì)引用一些人講的話,而這些觀點(diǎn)也很可能被考到。閱讀理解猜詞技巧與英語(yǔ)四級(jí)備考猜測(cè)詞義時(shí),我們可利用以下線索:1. 針對(duì)性解釋在文章中,作者有時(shí)為了更好地闡述思想,對(duì)一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語(yǔ)或其他詞匯做一些針對(duì)性的解釋,形式有定義、復(fù)述、舉例等。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對(duì)性,把該單詞含義與其他含義

46、區(qū)分開來(lái),利用它們我們可以比較容易地猜測(cè)詞義。1)根據(jù)定義猜測(cè)詞義作者一般在生詞之前后之后緊挨著生詞給出定義內(nèi)容。有時(shí)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符合,連字符或逗號(hào)提示。此外,如果定義內(nèi)容為句子,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為:be, be considered, to be, be called, be kown as, constitute, deal with, define, mean, refer to, represent, signify等。這類線索一般很明顯,學(xué)習(xí)者能比較容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如:Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society and cultu

47、re.由定義可知,anthropology就是“研究人類的科學(xué)”。2)根據(jù)復(fù)述猜測(cè)詞義復(fù)述也是對(duì)某一單詞所做的針對(duì)性解釋,雖然不像定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì),但是提供的信息也能使我們猜出生詞的詞義。復(fù)述部分可能是單詞、短語(yǔ)或者從句,一般作為生詞的同位語(yǔ),與生詞間多用逗號(hào)連接,有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào),冒號(hào),分號(hào),引號(hào)和括號(hào)等。同位語(yǔ)前常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i. e.等副詞或短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)。例如:Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is ne

48、cessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗號(hào)中短語(yǔ)意為“對(duì)詞意義進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科”。該短語(yǔ)與前面生詞semantics是 同位關(guān)系,因此我們不難猜出semantics指“語(yǔ)義學(xué)”。定語(yǔ)從句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.根據(jù)生詞SAD后面定語(yǔ)從句which is short for seasonal

49、affective disorder和同位語(yǔ)a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我們可以推斷出SAD含義,即“季節(jié)性情緒紊亂癥”。3)根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞的重要線索。如:The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.句中“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”和“重大科學(xué)發(fā)

50、現(xiàn)”是生詞的實(shí)例,通過(guò)它們我們可以猜出epochal的 大致詞義“重要的”,這與其確切含義“劃時(shí)代的”十分接近。4)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在句子或段落種,若兩個(gè)事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。例如:Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.根據(jù)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容,我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指“獨(dú)斷專行的”。There were so many demonstrators

51、in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.此句為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)從句的描書“許多示威者”我們便可推知elbow的詞義為“擠,擠過(guò)”。5)根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在句子或段落中,我們可以利用熟悉的詞語(yǔ),根據(jù)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境推斷生詞詞義。例如:Just before the exam Carls hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach ached, even

52、though he knew the subject very well. He really had a strange phobia about taking test.有些學(xué)生也曾有上文中所表述的考試時(shí)是緊張狀態(tài),所以很容易就能猜出“phobia”指“恐懼癥”。6)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義是指運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。7)根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在一個(gè)句子或段落中,有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描述,我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測(cè)其詞義。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語(yǔ)主要是although, but, despite, however, not, unlike, in spite of, in contrast和while引導(dǎo)的并列句等。例如:Andrew is one of the most supercilious men

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