1、2017高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)縱橫2016年全國(guó)卷2015年新課標(biāo)卷20152016年地方卷目前這么考全國(guó)卷(介詞短語(yǔ))全國(guó)卷(介詞短語(yǔ))全國(guó)卷(介詞短語(yǔ))新課標(biāo)卷(by;with)新課標(biāo)卷(at)2016年天津(介詞短語(yǔ))2016年浙江(介詞短語(yǔ))2015年浙江(介詞短語(yǔ))2015年江蘇(介詞短語(yǔ))2015年安徽(介詞短語(yǔ))2015年湖北(介詞短語(yǔ))2015年廣東(動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))2015年湖南(動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))今后怎么考高考今后仍將在完形填空、語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)等各類題型中考查介詞用法以及介詞短語(yǔ)的搭配考綱解讀 介詞是英語(yǔ)中比較活躍的詞,它與名詞、形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞等構(gòu)成搭配時(shí)用法靈活且意義豐

2、富。介詞的考查形式多樣,除了單純考查介詞外,還?？疾榻樵~與其他詞的搭配。此外,在定語(yǔ)從句中,也?？疾椤敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”的用法。有些介詞的考查頻率較高,如with, beyond等。考題導(dǎo)引1(2016浙江，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.解析： 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：那個(gè)年輕人誠(chéng)實(shí)而且善于合作，總是在你需要幫助的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)?？傊强煽康?。2(2016全國(guó)，64) My connection with pandas goes back _ my

3、 days on a TV show in the mid1980s.解析： go back to為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“回到，追溯到”。3(2016全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._解析： 固定短語(yǔ)dream of/about (doing) sth的意思是“夢(mèng)想做某事”。In shortto在dreams之后加上of或about4(2016全國(guó)，44)Most of us are more focused_our tasks in the morning tha

4、n we are later in the day. 解析： 考查介詞的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些時(shí)候的注意力更集中。固定短語(yǔ)be focused on專心于，集中于。5(2016全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help._解析： 固定搭配 leave.for 離開去。onto for一、介詞1表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by

5、和near介詞用法示例at一般指在較小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在較大的地方，或在某一范圍內(nèi)They arrived in Beijing yesterday.Shandong Province lies in the east of China.知識(shí)梳理介詞用法示例on一般指在物體的表面，或相鄰并接壤的兩個(gè)地域The picture is hanging on the wall.Vietnam is on the south of China.to表示某范圍外不接壤的兩位置Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Heb

6、ei Province. beside/by“在的旁邊”She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house by the river.near“接近；靠近”There is a supermarket near my home.介詞用法示例between在兩者或每?jī)烧咧gI sat down between Sue and Jane.among在三者或三者以上之間The teacher was standing among the students.2表示方位的between和among介詞用法示例across從的表面穿過(guò)He w

7、alked across the square to meet us.through從的內(nèi)部穿過(guò)The guide led us through the forest.over從的上面跨過(guò)The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.past從的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)She walked past the shop.3表示方位的across, through, over和past介詞用法示例at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻或重大節(jié)日at 9：00; at noon; at daybreak; at Christmasin表示在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，如世紀(jì)、朝代或年月；泛指

8、的上午、下午、傍晚in the 21st century; in September; in the morningon表示在具體某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd, September; on the morning of 1st, May4表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的at, in和on介詞用法示例for“for時(shí)間段”意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短，一般作完成時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)He has lived in the small village for five years.I studied in Peking University for 4 years.since“s

9、ince時(shí)間點(diǎn)”意為“自從(過(guò)去某時(shí))以來(lái)”，作完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)He has worked in this company since graduation.Tom has been doing his homework since 7 oclock.5表示時(shí)間段的for和since介詞用法示例by“by名詞”表示交通方式時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞My brother usually goes to school by bike.in/onin/on后的名詞必須有冠詞或代詞等修飾My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.6表示交通方式

10、的by, in和on介詞用法示例by指“靠手段，用方法，憑借”，后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞He made a living by selling newspapers when he was young.in多用于表示語(yǔ)言、材料的名詞前All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink.with多用于表示有形的工具或身體器官的名詞前They are busy digging with spades.7表示“用”的by, in和with介詞用法示例except表示“除之外(其他的都)”，其后的賓語(yǔ)是被排除在外的，側(cè)重同類事物的排除A

11、ll my friends took part in the party except John.except for其后被排除的內(nèi)容與主語(yǔ)往往不是同一類的His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.besides表示“除之外(其他的也)”，其后的賓語(yǔ)是被包括在內(nèi)的He has learned German, French besides English.8表示“除外”的except, except for和besides含義示例(表示態(tài)度)反對(duì)An agreement seems to be impossible be

12、cause the majority of the committee members are against it.(表示對(duì)比)以為背景The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.(表示方位)倚靠著The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.9其他?？冀樵~的用法(1)against的用法含義示例(表示位置)在另一邊，在更遠(yuǎn)處The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.(表示時(shí)間)晚于He delaye

13、d the matter beyond the fixed time.(表示程度)超出，非所能及To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.(2)beyond的用法含義示例(表示方位)越過(guò)The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.(表示等級(jí)或數(shù)目)高于，在之上，超過(guò)He has got the job because he has the advantage ov

14、er others of knowing many languages.(表示時(shí)間或過(guò)程)在期間Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(3)over的用法含義示例(表示方向、距離)到，向，去It was on the way to the railway station.(表示時(shí)間)直到為止，到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.(表示比較、比例、參照)與相比，相對(duì)于而言I prefer oranges to apples

15、.(表示對(duì)象關(guān)系)屬于，對(duì)，給The hospital is attached to the university.達(dá)到(某一點(diǎn)或某個(gè)限度)Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.(4)to的用法含義示例在下面，在之下She placed the ladder under the window.在過(guò)程中The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.(數(shù)字、數(shù)量、年齡或價(jià)格)低于，少于，在以下These toys are not suitable for ch

16、ildren under five.受影響Shes been under a lot of pressure at work.(5)under的用法含義示例和一起，和，同，跟Would you like to go shopping with me？(表示同時(shí)或同一方向)隨著With time going by, the little tree has grown up.具有，帶有The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money with me.由于，因?yàn)镠e trembled with fear.(表示方式)用He cut

17、 it with a knife.(6)with的用法二、介詞短語(yǔ)介詞的固定搭配考查有兩種：一是考查固定搭配中的介詞；二是考查介詞短語(yǔ)。While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.(2014浙江高考)當(dāng)詹姆斯住在這個(gè)村里的時(shí)候，他無(wú)私地把他的任何東西都與村民分享而不圖任何回報(bào)。Starting your own business could be a way to achieving

18、financial independence.On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.(2014江西高考)自己做生意或許是獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的一種方法，另一方面，它也可能讓你負(fù)債。知識(shí)積累介詞的常用搭配一覽1介詞與名詞的常用搭配(1)atn.表示狀態(tài)at a loss 不知所措at peace 處于和平中at war 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中 at work 在工作(2)其他以at開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)at the beginning of 在的開始at the cost of 以的代價(jià)at the risk of 冒的危險(xiǎn)at the mercy of 在支配下；

19、任由擺布(3)onn.表示狀態(tài)on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 著火on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在減少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假on duty/guard 在值班/站崗(4)其他以on開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)on account of 因?yàn)?on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 決不(5)byn.表示方式by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飛機(jī)by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧by h

20、and 用手工 by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地(6)inn.表示方式in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款 in width 在寬度上in depth 在深度上 in detail 詳細(xì)地in size 在大小上 in height 在高度上in length 在長(zhǎng)度上 in English 用英語(yǔ)(7)其他以in開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)in need of 需要 in no case 決不in no time立刻 in no way 決不in place of 代替 in possession of 擁有，占有in addition to 另外 in char

21、ge of 掌管in response to作為回應(yīng) in return 作為回報(bào)in spite of 盡管 in exchange for 作為交換in favor of 支持，贊成in case of 萬(wàn)一；如果；假如in celebration of 為慶祝in control of 管理；控制；操縱in honour of 為向表示敬意in memory of 為了紀(jì)念in support of 為支持in the charge of 在的管理下in the direction of 在方向in the face of 面對(duì)(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)of benefi

22、t 有益處的of help 有幫助的of importance 重要的 of significance 有意義的of use 有用的 of value 有價(jià)值的(9)out ofn.表示狀態(tài)out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上氣不接下氣out of control 不受控制 out of date 過(guò)期out of debt 不欠債 out of order 出故障out of shape 走樣，不成形 out of sight 看不到out of the question 不可能 out of work 失業(yè)(10)undern.表示被動(dòng)under atta

23、ck 遭到襲擊 under discussion 在討論中under pressure 在壓力下 under treatment 在治療中under control 處于控制之中 under construction 在建造中(11)withn.表示方式with delight/joy 高興地 with difficulty 困難地with ease輕而易舉地 with fear 害怕地with pleasure 樂(lè)意地(12)beyondn.表示“超出，難以”beyond compare無(wú)與倫比 beyond reach夠不到beyond description難以描述beyond doub

24、t不用懷疑，確實(shí)地beyond expression/words難以表達(dá)2介詞與形容詞的常用搭配(1)beadj.aboutbe anxious about 憂慮be curious about 對(duì)好奇be particular about 對(duì)講究/挑剔be worried/concerned about 對(duì)擔(dān)心(2)beadj.atbe angry at因生氣 be good at擅長(zhǎng)be astonished at對(duì)吃驚 be present at出席be disappointed at對(duì)失望(3)beadj.inbe absorbed in專注于 be active in積極于be dr

25、essed in穿著 be engaged in 忙于be rich in富含 be occupied in忙于be interested in對(duì)感興趣be involved in包括在中，被卷入(4)beadj.forbe eager for渴望 be famous for以著名be fit for適合，勝任 be hungry for渴望be ready for準(zhǔn)備好 be sorry for對(duì)感到抱歉be thankful for因而感激be anxious for急切盼望，渴望be prepared for為做好準(zhǔn)備(5)beadj.frombe absent from 缺席 be d

26、ifferent from 不同于be far from 遠(yuǎn)離 be free from 不受影響(6)beadj.to be close to接近 be contrary to與相反be devoted to致力于 be equal to等于be familiar to 對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)熟悉 be friendly to 對(duì)友好be good to對(duì)有好處 be grateful to對(duì)心存感激be harmful to對(duì)有危害 be kind to對(duì)友好be opposed to反對(duì) be similar to與相似be/get used to (變得)習(xí)慣于(7)beadj.ofbe aware

27、of意識(shí)到 be fond of喜歡be full of充滿 be proud of因而自豪be short of缺乏 be tired of厭煩be ashamed of為感到羞恥(8)beadj.withbe busy with忙于 be filled with充滿 be combined with與結(jié)合 be content with對(duì)滿意be covered with被覆蓋 be familiar with對(duì)熟悉be patient with對(duì)有耐心 be popular with受的歡迎be satisfied with對(duì)滿意be pleased with對(duì)感到滿意by angry

28、with (sb.)對(duì)(某人)發(fā)怒be concerned with與有關(guān)；涉及，關(guān)心，關(guān)注考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)境詞義辨析1.The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2)A.out of control B.out of dateC.out of sight D.out of reach解析考查“out of名詞”型介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：這部詞典過(guò)時(shí)了：自從它出版以來(lái)，這門語(yǔ)言已增添了許多單詞。out of date過(guò)時(shí)，符合語(yǔ)境。out of cont

29、rol失控；out of sight看不見；out of reach夠不著。2.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3)A.about B.toC.with D.over解析考查固定搭配。句意為：你聽說(shuō)過(guò)是海陸兩棲動(dòng)物棲息地的樹嗎？be home to為固定搭配，意為“是的棲息地，是的家園”。3.Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjo

30、y work.(2015浙江，10)A.As a result B.In additionC.By contrast D.In conclusion解析考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：大多數(shù)人工作因?yàn)檫@是無(wú)法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人確實(shí)喜歡工作。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示前后對(duì)比。by contrast相比之下，符合語(yǔ)境。as a result結(jié)果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion總之。4.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江蘇，34)A.than

31、ks to B.regardless ofC.aside from D.but for解析考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：如果沒有托馬斯愛迪生的話，我們現(xiàn)在所受益的許多東西是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)的。thanks to幸虧，由于；regardless of不管，不顧；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果沒有的話。由句意知選D項(xiàng)。5.This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30)A.in advanc

32、e B.in detailC.in total D.in general解析考查“in名詞”型短語(yǔ)意義辨析。句意為：這個(gè)會(huì)議室是“無(wú)煙區(qū)”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在這里吸煙，你將會(huì)被罰款。根據(jù)題干中that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可知，說(shuō)話者是在“提前”告訴對(duì)方這一事實(shí)，所以選擇in advance。in detail詳細(xì)地；in total總共；in general一般來(lái)說(shuō)。6.The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.(2015陜西，12)A.on B.by C.in D.at解析句意為：那

33、個(gè)小學(xué)生攙著奶奶的胳膊，送她過(guò)了街道?！皠?dòng)詞sb.介詞the人體部位”是習(xí)慣用法，根據(jù)身體的不同的部位變化介詞，如：pat sb. on the head，hit sb.in the face等。7.A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.(2015福建，22)A.of B.on C.to D.with解析考查介詞的用法。句意為：他們對(duì)校園歲月的共同記憶就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of這一搭配，意為“對(duì)的記憶”。考點(diǎn)歸納1.幾組常見的介詞短語(yǔ)(1)out of名詞out

34、of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)；out of the question不可能；out of order次序顛倒；out of sight看不見；out of place不合適；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇(2)in名詞 in power掌權(quán)；in good condition狀態(tài)良好；in despair絕望地；in public/secret公開地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保養(yǎng)得好/不好；in charge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙； in anger生氣；in trouble有困難 (3)in

35、名詞介詞in case of以防萬(wàn)一；in honor of為了紀(jì)念；in favor of支持；in memory of為了紀(jì)念；in charge of負(fù)責(zé)；in terms of從角度；in need of需要；in praise of表?yè)P(yáng)；in view of鑒于；in return for作為對(duì)的回報(bào)；in response to對(duì)的答復(fù)或反應(yīng)(4)under名詞under control受控；under attack遭到攻擊；under way在進(jìn)行中；under discussion在討論；under consideration在討論/考慮中 (5)at名詞at work在工作；

36、at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃飯；at ease輕松，自由自在；at war 在打仗 (6)on名詞on fire著火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打電話；on leave在休假； on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)to ones情感名詞to ones surprise令某人驚訝的是；to o

37、nes joy使某人高興的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高興的是2.注意下列短語(yǔ)中介詞的用法for nothing不花錢，免費(fèi)come across the room穿過(guò)房間feel like doing sth.想要做某事get paid by the week按周獲得報(bào)酬be particular about.對(duì)苛求、挑剔with satisfaction滿意地be second to none不輸于任何人；不比任何東西差on ones own獨(dú)自地in great quantity大量地，大批量in great dem

38、and需求量很大take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向發(fā)展keep an eye on照看，照料with the help of在的幫助下under the leadership of在的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下the article in the newspaper報(bào)紙上的文章a bird in the tree樹上的鳥apples on the tree樹上的蘋果tickets for the concert音樂(lè)會(huì)的票in the direction of朝著的方向from the direction of從的方向set an example to sb.給某人樹立榜樣3.下列短

39、語(yǔ)中to 為介詞belong to屬于date back to追溯到look forward to盼望；期望be addicted to沉溺于be accustomed to習(xí)慣于be/get used to doing.習(xí)慣于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to堅(jiān)持.單句填空1.(2016全國(guó))But my connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.2.(2016全國(guó))Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning

40、 than we are later in the day. 3.(2015新課標(biāo))For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour awaycar and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.真題感悟toonby4.(2015新課標(biāo)) the same time, they warm up again for the night. 5.(2015湖南)There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhel

41、med the amount of information.6.(2015福建)A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.7.(2015廣東)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left. Atwithoffor8.(2015重慶)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 the average.9.(2014新課標(biāo))I got a place next the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.10.(2014福建)By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, and clo